scholarly journals Partial replacement of soybean meal by white lupine seeds in the diet of dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Joch ◽  
Václav Kudrna
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
White Lupine

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by white lupine seeds (WLS) on milk yield and quality, feed efficiency and rumen fermentation of high-yielding dairy cows.Methods: Thirty multiparous cows of two breeds (20 Holstein and 10 Czech Pied cows) in early mid-lactation received three diets (treatments) in a 3×3 Latin square design with a 28-d period. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON (control total mixed ration with SBM, no WLS), WLS30 (30% of the SBM was replaced, on a dry matter basis, by WLS), and WLS50 (50% of the SBM was replaced by WLS).Results: Feed intake by the cows was not affected (p = 0.331) by the diets. Milk production decreased with increasing proportions of WLS in the diet. Cows fed WLS50 yielded approximately 1 kg/d (p<0.001) less milk than cows fed the CON diet. The proportions of milk fat (p = 0.640), protein (p = 0.507), and lactose (p = 0.709) were not altered by the diet. For milk fat, feeding with WLS50 reduced the proportion of total saturated fatty acids (p<0.001) and increased the proportion of total monounsaturated fatty acids (p<0.001), mainly through oleic acid (p<0.001). No differences were found in feed efficiency, body weight, and blood plasma metabolites between groups. Rumen ammonia-N levels tended (p = 0.087) to increase with increasing proportions of WLS in the diet, whereas no effect of diet on rumen pH was found (p = 0.558).Conclusion: We did not identify the safe range within which raw WLS can efficiently replace SBM in the diet of high-producing dairy cows. In contrast, even partial replacement of SBM by WLS favorably changed the milk fatty acid profile.

Effects of replacing extracted soybean meal with rapeseed cake in corn grass silage-based diet for dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosława Rutkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Białek ◽  
Emilia Bagnicka ◽  
Justyna Jarczak ◽  
Krzysztof Tambor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Rapeseed Cake

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of partial replacement of soybean meal with a protein-equivalent amount of rapeseed cake in the diet on milking parameters and fatty acid (FA) composition of milk in dairy cows. Two groups of Holstein-Friesian cows, 8 each, consisting of randomised blocks were studied: a control group (C) was given a traditional high-protein supplement (extracted soybean meal) and the experimental group (E), had part of extracted soybean meal replaced with rapeseed cake. Dry matter intake and milk yield in both groups were not affected by the diet but milk fat percentage and yield were decreased in both groups. Rapeseed cake had no effect on milk acidity or on protein (including casein) and lactose contents. A lower concentration of urea in milk in E group indicated a proper ratio of protein to energy in the fodder. Health condition of mammary gland and indicators of metabolic profile were not affected by rapeseed cake supplementation. In E group, the share of atherogenic saturated fatty acids (FA) was reduced after 11 weeks: palmitic, by 26% and myristic, by 22%; moreover, as compared with control cows, the content of monounsaturated FA in milk increased by 44% after 3 weeks and by 68% after 11 weeks, t-18:1 and c-9 t-11 isomer of CLA increased about 2·5-fold after 11 weeks. In E group, the atherogenic index (AI) was significantly (P < 0·001) lower than in C (by 54% on average) and the decrease with time was considerable (by 29%, P < 0·001). Contents of odd- and branched- chain FA in milk were not significantly affected thus reflecting proper rumen function. Partial replacement of soybean meal with rapeseed cake in the diet of cows may improve both milking indices and FA profile of milk.

scholarly journals Effect of supplemental rumen-protected lysine, methionine or both added to diet of lactating dairy cows on milk fatty acids profile

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Křížová ◽  
Jiří Třináctý ◽  
Jarmila Svobodová ◽  
Michal Richter ◽  
Vladimír Černý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplemental lysine (Lys), methionine (Met) or both added to diet of dairy cows in the form of rumen-protected (RP) tablets on changes in milk fatty acids (FA) profile. The trial was carried out on four lactating Holstein cows in the form of Latin square design and was divided into 4 periods of 14 d (10-d preliminary period and a 4-d experimental period). The four treatments were as follows: C – control without amino acids (AA) supplementation, L – supplement of RP Lys, M – supplement of RP Met and ML – supplement of RP Met and Lys. Cows were fed on a diet based on maize silage, lucerne hay and supplemental mixture. Milk yield in ML (34.18 kg/d) was higher than in L or M (32.46 kg and 32.13 kg, respectively, P < 0.05) and tended to be higher than in C (33.33 kg/d, P > 0.05). Protein yield in ML (1054 g / d) was higher than that found in C, L or M (990, 998 or 968 g / d, respectively, P < 0.05). Milk fat content and yield in C and ML was higher in comparison to L and M (P < 0.05). Content of short-chain FA (C 4:0–C 12:0) was not affected by the treatment except of L that was lower than in C (P < 0.05). Content of medium-chain FA in M was lower compared to C, L or ML (P < 0.05). The content of long-chain FA in M was significantly higher than in other groups (P < 0.05). The total content of SFA in M was lower than in C or ML (P < 0.05) and tended to be lower than in L. Contents of UFA, MUFA and PUFA in M were higher than in C and ML (P < 0.05).

Effect of supplementing palmitic acid and altering the dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids in low-fibre diets on production responses of dairy cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
E. Ghasemi ◽  
D. Golabadi ◽  
A. Piadeh
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Body Energy

Abstract Supplementing palmitic acid (C16 : 0) in combination with modifying the dietary n-6:n-3 fatty acid (FA) ratio may benefit energy metabolism and milk responses of dairy cows. Twelve Holstein cows (70 (sd 11) days in milk) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square and allocated to four low-fibre diets (18·5 % forage neutral-detergent fibre) supplemented with no FA (CON), or 2·4 % C16 : 0-enriched supplement (PAL), 2·4 % mixture (2:1) of C16 : 0 and n-6 FA (PW6), and mixture (2:1) of C16 : 0 and n-3 FA (PW3). The dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 was increased with PW6 (10:1) and decreased with PW3 (2·8:1), whereas PAL alone made no change in the ratio (about 7:1). Compared with CON, all FA-supplemented treatments increased milk yield. However, feed and energy intakes were higher in PAL than PW3 or PW6, resulting in greater feed efficiency for PW3 and PW6 than PAL. Dietary FA supplements decreased milk protein concentration but tended to increase protein yield. Compared with CON and FA mixtures, PAL increased milk fat content and tended to increase milk SFA and atherosclerotic index. The concentration of milk n-3 FA was similar between CON and PW3. Feeding PAL increased milk energy output and decreased energy partitioning towards body reserves (−4·2 %), while this measure was positive for other treatments. Blood TAG and NEFA concentrations, but not β-hydroxybutyrate, were increased by FA-supplemented treatments. Feeding C16 : 0 combined with either n-6 or n-3 FA enhanced feed efficiency, alleviated the negative impacts on body energy reserves, but lowering the dietary n-6:n-3 ratio improved the FA profile of milk.

scholarly journals Effects of ruminal administration of soy sauce oil on functional fatty acids in the rumen, blood and milk of dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Daiji Konno ◽  
Masanobu Takahashi ◽  
Ikuo Osaka ◽  
Takenori Orihashi ◽  
Kiyotaka Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
Soybean Processing

Objective: Soy sauce oil, a byproduct of whole soybean processing by the soy sauce industry, was evaluated as a source of linoleic acid for dairy cows for the purpose of manipulating the composition of milk.Methods: Eight dairy Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulas were used for ruminal administration of soy sauce oil for a 28-day period using a 4×4 Latin square study design with 4 doses (0, 200, 400, and 600 g soy sauce oil/d).Results: Although dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by soy sauce oil administration, ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and acetate were decreased, specifically at 600 g/d administration. While milk fat percentage was decreased with administration of soy sauce oil, proportions of linoleic, vaccenic and conjugated linoleic acids in the rumen, blood and milk were increased with increasing soy sauce oil dose.Conclusion: These results suggest that soy sauce oil feeding could be useful for improving milk functionality without adverse effects on animal production performance when fed at less than 400 g/d.

scholarly journals Nutritional parameters of steers receiving different levels of sunflower crushed in partial replacement of soybean meal

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1513-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELLEN L. LIMA ◽  
RAFAEL H.T.B. DE GOES ◽  
SARA L.N. CERILO ◽  
EUCLIDES R. DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
MARIA G.M. GRESSLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Nutritional Parameters ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT To evaluate of the sunflower crushed in nutritional parameters in steers, supplemented at pasture, we used four steers in 4×4 Latin square design. The supplements were provided in 6 g/kg of body weight/animal/day, consisting of sunflower crushed, corn, soybean meal and mineral. All the supplements was isonitrogenous and soybean meal was replaced in 0, 20, 40, and 60% for sunflower crushed. The determination of ruminal pH and ammonia was at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. after feeding and for short-chain fatty acids it was collected at 0 and 6 h. post-feeding. The dry matter intake was not affected (P>0.05) by inclusion of sunflower crushed (mean=6.59 kg/day). There was no significant effect (P>0.05) for pH for the inclusion of sunflower crushed (mean=6.41). For contents of ruminal NH3-N was a significant effect (P <0.05) only for collection time, and ammonia peaks occurred between 2 and 4 h after feeding, with values of 22.56 and 21.40 mg/dL. The total concentration of short chain fatty acids and the C2:C3 ratio was reduced in 9.6 and 15.43%. The ruminal degradability of NDF was not affected by the supplements. The supplementation with sunflower crushed to beef steers grazing, in partial replacement of soybean meal did not alter nutrition parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of a Low-Methane Diet on Performance and Microbiome in Lactating Dairy Cows Accounting for Individual Pre-Trial Methane Emissions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2597
Author(s):  
Juana C. Chagas ◽  
Mohammad Ramin ◽  
Ruth Gomez Exposito ◽  
Hauke Smidt ◽  
Sophie J. Krizsan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study examined the effects of partly replacing grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS), with or without rapeseed oil (RSO) supplementation, on methane (CH4) emissions, production performance, and rumen microbiome in the diets of lactating dairy cows. The effect of individual pre-trial CH4-emitting characteristics on dietary emissions mitigation was also examined. Twenty Nordic Red cows at 71 ± 37.2 (mean ± SD) days in milk were assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four dietary treatments (GS, GS supplemented with RSO, GS plus MS, GS plus MS supplemented with RSO) applied in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Partial replacement of GS with MS decreased the intake of dry matter (DM) and nutrients, milk production, yield of milk components, and general nutrient digestibility. Supplementation with RSO decreased the intake of DM and nutrients, energy-corrected milk yield, composition and yield of milk fat and protein, and general digestibility of nutrients, except for crude protein. Individual cow pre-trial measurements of CH4-emitting characteristics had a significant influence on gas emissions but did not alter the magnitude of CH4 emissions. Dietary RSO decreased daily CH4, yield, and intensity. It also increased the relative abundance of rumen Methanosphaera and Succinivibrionaceae and decreased that of Bifidobacteriaceae. There were no effects of dietary MS on CH4 emissions in this study, but supplementation with 41 g RSO/kg of DM reduced daily CH4 emissions from lactating dairy cows by 22.5%.

scholarly journals Influence of the Type of Silage in the Dairy Cow Ration, with or without Grazing, on the Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profiles of Milk

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-728
Author(s):  
Senén De La Torre-Santos ◽  
Luis J. Royo ◽  
Adela Martínez-Fernández ◽  
Mario Menéndez-Miranda ◽  
Rocío Rosa-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Dairy systems based on grass and forages are widely spread throughout the European Atlantic Arc and they have an influence on milk quality. Likewise, legumes are a key element in the farms to improve cows’ diet and farm feed self-sufficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the legumes in the diet and the feeding system (pasture-based vs. confined) on milk production and composition. An assay was performed with 18 Friesian cows randomized into two management groups (grazing or confined). Three total mixed rations based on Italian ryegrass, faba bean or field pea silages were offered ad libitum for nine continuously housed cows or during two hours after each milking for another nine grazing cows. Regardless of type of silage, grazing cows had higher dry matter intake and milk production than confined cows. Likewise, grazing cows produced milk with a lower concentration of protein and urea than confined cows. The dairy cows fed total mixed rations based on both legume silages had a milk fat with a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, especially with the inclusion of faba bean silage in the diet. The results demonstrate that the profile of fatty acids and antioxidants is related to the feeding system in dairy cows. Grazing directly influenced the composition of milk, decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids and increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids, as CLA, and the antioxidants, as lutein and β-cryptoxanthin.

A Comparison of naked oats and barley in a silage-based diet for dairy cows

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
P.A. Martin ◽  
D.J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Friesian Cows

Of the cereals grown in the UK oats, and especially the recently developed naked oats, contain relatively large amounts of C18 fatty acids. Consistent with this, in a series of change-over type experiments substitution of oats or naked oats for barley in dairy cows’ rations reduced the proportion of saturated fatty acids and increased that of monounsaturated fatty acids in milk fat (Martin & Thomas, 1988a, b). These results indicated the inclusion of oats in cows’ diets to be a means of increasing the appeal of milk and milk products to the health-conscious consumer. The present experiment was conducted to assess the likely potential for dietary manipulation of milk fat composition using naked oats under commercial farming conditions.Thirty-two Friesian cows and heifers were used in a continuous design feeding trial which extended from week 3 to week 18 of lactation. The animals were paired on the basis of calving date, lactation number and pre-trial milk yield and, within pairs, were allocated at random to one of two diets.

Study of Fatty Acids Profile and Oxidative Stability of Egg Yolk from Hens Fed a Diet Containing White Lupine Seeds Meal

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2454-2460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Leontin Criste ◽  
Daniel Mierlita ◽  
Daniel Simeanu ◽  
Paul Corneliu Boisteanu ◽  
Ioan Mircea Pop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
White Lupine

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different dietary inclusion of raw white lupine seed meal (WL) in diets of laying hen on fatty acids (FA) profile, health lipid indices and oxidative stability of egg yolk. A total of 160 TETRA-SL LL laying hens (30-week old) were used in a ten week trial. The laying hens were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: control diet which contained soybean meal (C), and study diets in which soybean meal was replaced with WL at 150 g/kg (E15), 200 g/kg (E20) and 250 g/kg (E25). Each treatment was replicated 5 times with 8 birds each. The inclusion of WL in experimental diets caused a linear increase in n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) content and a decrease in monounsaturated FA (MUFA), but it had no influence on the saturated FA (SFA) of egg yolk lipids. The data suggested that the partial replacement of soybean meal with WL of in laying hen diet it significant increase h/H (hypocholesterolemic/Hypercholesterolemic) and PUFA/SFA ratio, and decrease thrombogenic index (TI), which improves human health because of the beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. The authors determined the concentration of a-tocopherol by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and assessed the degree of oxidative degradation of lipids using the classical test based on the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). Inclusion of WL in diets led to increases in a-tocopherol and decrease in MDA in eggs (P [0.05). Egg storage for 20 d or 40 d led to linear reduction in egg �-tocopherol and increase of MDA content (P [0.05). The results of the present study suggest that the seeds of modern white lupine varieties can be included at 250 g/kg in layer diets as an effective substitute for soybean meal, improving fatty acids profile, health lipid indices and oxidative stability of egg yolk.

Δ9 -desaturase activity in the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 181-181
Author(s):  
A.L. Lock ◽  
P.C. Garnsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase

The Δ9 -desaturase system (steroyl-CoA desaturase) involves the addition of a cis double bond between carbons 9 and 10 of fatty acids. The conversion of stearic acid (C18:0) to oleic acid (cis-9 C18:1) is the predominant precursor:product of this enzyme system; conversion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is important in determining the fluidity of milk. In previous studies (Lock & Garnsworthy 2001), we have shown that more than 50% of the oleic acid occurring in milk is produced in the mammary gland via Δ9 -desaturase. We also found that the conversion of trans-11 C18:1 to cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) accounted for ~80% of milk fat CLA. Increasing the activity of Δ9 -desaturase offers the opportunity of increasing the MUFA content of milk, especially oleic acid, while decreasing its SFA content, as well as increasing the CLA content of milk. Lock & Garnsworthy, (2001) also reported that there were significant differences between individual cows with regard to milk fat CLA content. In an earlier study (Lock & Garnsworthy, 2000) we found that the CLA content of milk varied throughout the year, with highest values occurring when cows received fresh pasture. In view of the significant contribution of Δ9 -desaturase to the CLA and MUFA content of milk, the objective of the work reported here was to investigate individual animal and dietary variation in Δ9 -desaturase activity in the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows.

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