scholarly journals Excessive dietary lead reduces growth performance and increases lead accumulation in pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Choi ◽  
Sang Yun Ji ◽  
Hyunwoong Jo ◽  
Minho Song ◽  
Beob Gyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Pb Accumulation

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary lead (Pb) supplementation and feeding period on growth performance, organ weight, and Pb accumulation in pigs.Methods: In a 56-day feeding experiment, a total of 48 barrows with initial body weight 10.4±0.6 kg were allotted to 2 dietary treatments (0 and 200 mg/kg of supplemental Pb) in a completely randomized design with 6 replicates. Body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate growth performance. At the end of each 14 day-period (on days 14, 28, 42, and 56), an animal was randomly selected from each pen and slaughtered to collect blood samples, hair samples, left 5th rib, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, and longissimus dorsi muscle samples.Results: Average daily gain and average daily feed intake were reduced (p<0.05) by supplemental Pb during the day 42 to 56. Relative kidney weight to body weight was linearly increased with increasing feeding period in pigs fed the Pb-supplemented diet, but not in pigs fed the control diet (p<0.05). The Pb concentrations in hair, left 5th rib, kidneys, and lungs were linearly increased with longer feeding period in pigs fed the Pb-supplemented diet, but not in pigs fed the control diet (p<0.01).Conclusion: Dietary Pb supplementation caused growth retardation and Pb accumulation in most organs, particularly in hair, bone, and kidneys in a time-dependent manner.

Effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol on performance, nutrient utilization, and organ health of grower-finisher pigs (35-120 kg)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O Wellington ◽  
Michael A Bosompem ◽  
Lucas A Rodrigues ◽  
Daniel A Columbus
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Final Body Weight

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of DON on performance, nutrient utilization, and organ health of grower-finishing pigs. A total of 240 mixed-sex grower-finisher pigs (35.9 ± 1.1 kg initial body weight) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (6 pigs/pen; 10 pens/treatment) for 77 d. Diets consisted of a control diet without DON (CONT) and diets containing 1, 3, or 5 ppm DON (DON1, DON3, or DON5). Nitrogen-balance was determined in 1 pig/pen during week 6 and 12 of the study. Growth performance measures were taken weekly for average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed (GF) until d 77. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 14, 42, 56, and 84 from 1 pig/pen for analysis of indicators of liver and kidney function. On d 7, ADG and ADFI for pigs fed DON3 and DON5 diets were lower (P &lt; 0.05) compared to DON1- and CONT-fed pigs. Overall ADG and ADFI (d 0-77) were lower in DON3- and DON5-fed pigs compared to CONT and DON1 pigs (P &lt; 0.05), with no difference in GF (P &gt; 0.05). Final body weight was reduced in DON3- and DON5-fed pigs (P &lt; 0.05) compared to CONT and DON1, which were not different (P &gt; 0.05). No significant (P &gt; 0.05) treatment effects were observed on carcass characteristics. In the grower-phase, protein deposition (PD) was reduced in DON3 and DON5 pigs compared to CONT and DON1 pigs (P &lt; 0.05). In the finisher phase, PD was not affected by dietary treatment (P &gt; 0.05). There was no effect of dietary treatment on the majority of selected serum chemistry (P &gt; 0.05). In summary, pigs exposed to diets containing &gt; 1 ppm DON had reduced growth performance with little or no effect on nitrogen utilization, organ health, or carcass characteristics, suggesting that the negative effects of DON may be largely due to depressed feed intake.

Effect of Yeast Type and Dose on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Rabbits Fed Maize or Barley

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr M.A. Elmasry ◽  
Luis A. Miranda ◽  
Germán Mendoza ◽  
Fernando X. Plata
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Yeast Concentration

Background: The effects of the probiotics vary with the doses and strains used for this reason, a study was conducted over 35 days to determine the effect of live yeast supplementation in the diet of growing rabbits on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility.Methods: A total of 60 New Zealand and California rabbits (5 weeks old, average body weight 0.881±0.015 kg) were housed in 30 cages. They were fed with a control diet based on alfalfa and maize or barley grains and supplemented with Procreatin®7 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I 1077) or Biosaf® SC47 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC Sc47) at three doses, namely 0, 6.4, or 12.8 ×109 CFU per kg basal diet.Result: The higher yeast concentration had a positive effect (P less than 0.01) on final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and carcass weight (CW). However, there were no significant differences in dry matter intake. As a result of this, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased (P less than 0.01). Significant increases (P less than 0.05) in nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, NDF and ADF) were observed with both grains. The use of yeast in maize and barley-based diets of rabbits has positive effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals Growth performance, blood profile and economic analysis of broilers fed fermented mixture of cassava flour and bovine blood (cassablood) based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
A. O. Aniebo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Biochemical Indices

The effect of dietary treatments on growth performance, haematological and biochemical indices of finisher broilers as well as economics of broiler production were determined in this fermented cassava flour/blood mixture code-named "cassablood". The control diet (T1) contained 0% cassablood, while diets 2, 3 and 4 contained 20%, 25% and 30% cassablood respectively. 120 four weeks old Anak broiler chicken were randomly allocated the 4 diets with 30 birds per treatment replicated 3 times with ten 10 broilers per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatment effects on final body weight, final weight gain, feed intake and seed conversion ratio were significant (P<0.05). Birds fed cassablood based diets compared favourably with the control diet. 20% cassablood inclusion performed equally with the control diet in feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio.All dietary groups also showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in most haematological and serum biochemical indices of broilers except in cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride contentswhichdiffered (P<0.05) significantly. Similarly, chicken on 20% and 25% inclusion levels produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher economic gains in terms of feed cost per kilogram of broiler among all the treatments. Therefore, 20 - 25% cassablood dietary inclusion level was recommended in broiler diet for production and profit maximization.  

scholarly journals Effect of feeding high yielding fodders on growth performance of growing Hilly Brown Bengal goat

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
NR Sarker ◽  
MA Alam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Daily Gain

This study was carried out to evaluate the feeding effect of high yielding fodders (HYF) on feed intake and growth performance of growing Hilly Brown Bengal (HBB) goat. For this purpose, a feeding trail was conducted with 16 growing HBB kids (4 to 5 months) by dividing equally in four groups having four replicates for a period of 75 days. The goats in group T0 (control) received natural grass along with 101.30g concentrates and adlibitum cowpea hay, whereas in group T1, T2 and T3, only natural grass was replaced by BLRI Napier 3, BLRI Napier 4 and Ruzi fodder, respectively. Total dry matter intake (DMI), roughages DMI, crude protein intake (CP), body weight gain (kg), average daily gain (g) and forth night body weight gain (g/day) were studied. Results revealed that, DMI (288.39, 285.71, 293.48 and 301.35 g/day in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively), body weight gain (3.60, 3.74, 3.73 and 3.77 kg in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively), average daily gain (47.32, 49.16, 49.12 and 48.92 g in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) and feed conversion ratio (6.2, 5.9, 6.0 and 6.1 in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) of HBB kids were not differed significantly (P>0.05) for all the treatment groups. The DMI from roughages (196.2, 193.5, 201.3 and 209.2 g/day in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) and CP intake (38.7, 42.1, 48.3 and 38.8 g/day in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) were significantly varied (P<0.05), while highest CP intake was found in the treatment group T2. Forthnight body weight (g/day) was not significantly (P>0.05) gained with feeding of HYF for all the treatment groups. From this study, it can be concluded that, growing HBB kids could equally be supplied with either BLRI Napier 3 or BLRI Napier 4 or Ruzi fodder in addition to ad libitum cowpea hay for better voluntary feed intake and growth. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 27 (1&2), 2020: P. 73-81

scholarly journals Growth performance, blood profile and economic analysis of broilers fed fermented mixture of cassava flour and bovine blood (cassablood) based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
A.O. Aniebo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Biochemical Indices

The effect of dietary treatments on growth performance, haematological and biochemical indices of finisher broilers as well as economics of broiler production were determined in this experiment. Four broiler finisher diets were formulated with different inclusion levels of fermented cassava flour/blood mixture code-named “cassablood”. The control diet (T1) contained 0% cassablood, while diets 2, 3 and 4 contained 20%, 25% and 30%  cassablood respectively. 120 four weeks old Anak broiler chicken were randomly allocated the 4 diets with 30 birds per treatment replicated 3 times with ten 10 broilers per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD).Treatment effects on final body weight, final weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significant (P<0.05). Birds fed cassabloodbased diets compared favourably with the control diet. 20% cassablood inclusion performed equally with the control diet in feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. All dietary groups also showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in most haematological and serum biochemical indices of broilers except in cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride contents which differed (P<0.05) significantly Similarly, chicken on 20% and 25% inclusion levels produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher economic gains in terms of feed cost per kilogram of broiler among all the treatments. Therefore, 20 - 25% cassablood dietary inclusion level was recommended in broiler diet for production and profit maximization.

scholarly journals Effects of Herbal Adaptogen Feed-Additive on Growth Performance, Carcass Parameters, and Muscle Amino Acid Profile in Heat-Stressed Modern Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Greene ◽  
Clay Maynard ◽  
Casey M. Owens ◽  
Jean-François Meullenet ◽  
Sami Dridi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Cyclic Heat

Heat stress has strong adverse effects on poultry production and, thereby, threats its sustainability, which energized scientists to search for innovative and effective solutions. Here, we undertook this study to evaluate the effects of in-feed herbal adaptogen (stress response modifier) supplementation on growth performances, meat quality, and breast amino acid profile in chronic cyclic heat-stressed broilers. Day-old male Cobb 500 chicks (n = 720) were randomly assigned, in environmental chambers (n = 12, 24 pens), to three diet-treatments: a three-phase corn-soybean based diet fed as such (Control, C), or supplemented with the herbal adaptogen at 500 g/1000 kg control diet (NR-PHY-500) or at 1 kg/1000 kg control diet (NR-PHY-1000). From d29 to d42, birds from 9 chambers were exposed to cyclic heat stress (HS, 35°C from 9:30 am-5:30 pm), however, the rest of the chamber were maintained at thermoneutral conditions (24°C, TN), which creates 4 experimental groups: C-TN, C-HS, NR-PHY-500HS, and NR-PHY-1000HS (6 pens/group, 168 birds/group). HS altered growth performance via depression of feed intake and body weight. Adaptogen supplementation stimulated feed intake and averaged 65.95 and 83.25 g better body weight and 5 and 10 points better FCR at low and high dose, respectively, compared to heat-stressed birds. This increase in body weight was mirrored in enhanced weights of body parts (breast, tender, wings, and legs). Adaptogen supplementation modulated also breast amino acid profile, pH, color, and quality. Together, these data suggested that adaptogen supplementation could be a promising solution to alleviate heat stress, however further in-depth investigation for its mode of action and its underlying mechanisms are warranted.

Effect of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant in grower pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diets formulated with a full nutrient matrix and no added inorganic phosphorus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Velayudhan ◽  
M Gracia ◽  
O Casabuena Rincón ◽  
L Marchal ◽  
Y Dersjant-Li
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Percentage Points

Abstract The capacity of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) to entirely replace dietary inorganic phosphorus (Pi) source in grower pigs fed diets with reduction of calcium (Ca), net energy (NE) and digestible amino acids (AA) was evaluated, using growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients as outcome measures. A total of 352 mixed-sex pigs (initial BW 23.4 kg) were randomized to 4 treatments, 8 pigs/pen and 11 pens/treatment. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based and formulated by phase (grower 1, 25 to 50 and grower 2, 50 to 75 kg BW). The positive control diet (PC) provided adequate nutrients and a negative control diet (NC) was formulated without Pi (1.2 g/kg ATTD P) and reduced in Ca (-0.12 to -0.13 percentage points), NE (-32 kcal/kg) and digestible essential AA (-0.004 to -0.026 percentage points) vs. PC. Two further treatments comprised the NC plus 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg of PhyG. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, mean contrasts and orthogonal polynomial regression. Nutrient reductions in the NC reduced (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) during grower 1 and overall (73 to 136 days of age), increased (P &lt; 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) during grower 1 and overall and tended to reduce (P &lt; 0.1) average daily feed intake (ADFI) during grower 2 and overall, vs. PC. Phytase supplementation improved (P &lt; 0.05) FCR during grower 1, ADG during grower 2 and overall, ATTD of DM and P, and tended to improve DE (P = 0.053) in a linear dose-dependent manner. PhyG at 1,000 FTU/kg resulted in growth performance (all measures, all phases) equivalent to PC. The findings demonstrate that PhyG at 1,000 FTU/kg totally replaced Pi in complex grower pig diets containing industrial co-products, compensated a full nutrient matrix reduction and maintained performance.

High inclusion rates of hybrid rye instead of corn in diets for growing-finishing pigs does not influence overall growth performance and most carcass traits are not influenced by hybrid rye

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly L McGhee ◽  
Bailey N Harsh ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Hybrid Rye

Abstract It was hypothesized that hybrid rye may replace corn in diets for growing and finishing pigs without impacting growth performance, carcass characteristics, or meat quality. A total of 128 pigs (23.69 ± 2.51 kg) were allotted to 4 treatments with 8 replicate pens per treatment. Phase 1 and 2 diets were fed for 35 d each and phase 3 diets were fed for 27 d. Within each phase, pigs were fed a control corn and soybean meal diet or a diet in which 33, 66, or 100% of the corn in the control diet was replaced with hybrid rye. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased (linear, P &lt; 0.05) in phase 1 with increased dietary inclusion of hybrid rye. In phase 3, gain:feed (G:F) increased and then decreased (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) with more hybrid rye in the diet. Overall ADG, ADFI, and G:F did not differ among treatments. Diet did not impact most carcass traits, but loin (visual) and backfat (instrumental L*) color were paler (linear, P &lt; 0.05) with greater inclusion of hybrid rye in the diet. Organ weights increased (linear, P &lt; 0.05) with increased dietary hybrid rye. In conclusion, pigs fed hybrid rye consumed less feed in phase 1, resulting in reduced ADG, but growth performance for the entire growing-finishing period did not differ among treatments. Hybrid rye may replace all the corn in growing and finishing pig diets without diminishing growth performance or carcass quality, but feed intake may be reduced at high inclusion rates.

scholarly journals Effects of increasing copper from either copper sulfate or combinations of copper sulfate and a copper–amino acid complex on finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics1,2

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1263-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey B Carpenter ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M Derouchey ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Amino Acid Complex ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 1,089 pigs (PIC 280 × 1050; initially 37.3 ± 2.8 kg) were used to determine the effects of increasing Cu provided from either CuSO4 alone or a 50:50 blend of CuSO4 and a Copper–amino acid complex (Cu-AA) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Pens of pigs were blocked by body weight; within blocks, pens were randomly allotted to one of six dietary treatments. The six dietary treatments consisted of a control diet which contained 17 mg/kg Cu from CuSO4 from the trace mineral premix, or the control diet with either added CuSO4 to provide 70 and 130 mg/kg total Cu or a 50:50 blend of Cu from CuSO4 and Cu-AA (CuSO4/Cu-AA blend) to provide 70, 100, and 130 mg/kg total Cu. Experimental diets were corn–soybean meal-dried distillers grains with solubles-based and fed in meal form in five phases (approximately 37 to 46, 46 to 63, 63 to 77, 77 to 103, and 103 to 129 kg body weight). From d 0 to 43, neither Cu source nor level influenced growth performance. From d 43 to 105, average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased (P = 0.037) for pigs fed the CuSO4/Cu-AA blend compared to those fed added Cu from CuSO4 alone. Gain:feed ratio (G:F) tended to be improved (linear, P = 0.056) as Cu concentration increased. Overall, d 0 to 105, neither Cu level nor source influenced average daily gain (ADG). Pigs fed 70 or 130 mg/kg total added Cu from the CuSO4/Cu-AA blend had lower (P = 0.045) ADFI but G:F tended to be improved (P = 0.051) compared with those fed the same amount of total Cu from only CuSO4. Owing to the decreased ADFI and improved G:F of pigs fed the CuSO4/Cu-AA blend, carcass G:F also improved (P = 0.033) compared with those fed added Cu from CuSO4 alone. In conclusion, providing a 50:50 blend of CuSO4 and Cu-AA improved G:F on both a live and carcass weight basis compared to CuSO4 alone with no differences in ADG or carcass ADG observed.

scholarly journals Estimation of effect of breeding bulls and genetic parameters on early growth performance of calves at farm and field levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
S Islam ◽  
MA Hoque ◽  
MAMY Khandoker ◽  
NG Saha ◽  
A Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Field Level

The present study was conducted using records on four breeding bulls maintained at the Artificial Insemination (AI) Center of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh and on 154 of their progeny maintained at BAU Dairy Farm (112) and some villages (42 progeny) adjacent to BAU for estimating the effect of breeding bulls and genetic parameters on early growth performance of the progeny at farm and field levels. Genetic correlations between traits of bulls and their progeny were also estimated. Bull traits were metabolic body weight (MWT), feed intake (FI) and residual feed intake (RFI) where progeny traits were birth weight (BWT), final body weight (FWT) at 90 days of age and average daily gain (ADG). Mean BWT of progeny at farm and field level was 16.34±1.85 to 17.62±1.97 kg and 13.89±2.78 to 16.11±2.98 kg, respectively. The FWT at farm progeny was 48.9±2.87 to 55.67±2.14 kg whereas 43.43±2.50 to 52.22±3.34 kg for field progeny. The ADG at farm and field progeny was 0.36±0.03 to 0.43±0.01 and 0.32±0.03 to 0.42±0.03 kg, respectively. The BWT and FWT of farm progeny were significantly (p>0.05) higher than the progeny of field level. Breeding bulls had significant (p<0.05) effect on FWT and ADG for both of the farm and field progeny. Estimated heritability was found to be moderate in case of BWT (0.32±0.19), but low for FWT (0.26±0.18) and ADG (0.29±0.20) for pooled average. The genetic correlation between bulls’ MWT and BWT was high (rg=0.54±0.17), but low with FWT(rg=0.26±0.18) and ADG (rg=0.28±0.23). Moderate in daily FI of bulls was genetically correlated with BWT (0.45±0.22), FWT (0.38±0.24) and ADG (0.35±0.25) for their progeny, while low but favorable negative genetic correlation (rg=-0.13±0.17) was observed between ADG of progeny and RFI of bulls. The negative correlation for RFI with ADG suggested that selection might result in better success in improving herd production efficiency without compromising progeny growth performance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18484 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 81-88 

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