Effect of Short-term Water Restriction on Body Weight, Egg Production, and Immune Response of Local and Commercial Layers in the Late Phase of Production

The objective of this study was designed to test whether supplementation of the diet with arginine (Arg) or glutamine (Gln) or their combination influences the production, organ weights and humoral immune response of broilers. A total of 432 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into 6 treatment groups: control, Arg-0.5%, Arg-1%, Gln-0.5%, Gln-1% and Arg-0.5%+Gln-0.5%. Drinking water and feed were provided ad libitum. On day 18 of the experiment 50% of chickens in each treatment group were immunised with bovine serum albumin. Ten and 21 days after immunisation blood samples were collected to determine the anti-albumin IgY titre, interleukin 6 (IL6) and interferon gamma (IFNG) and to measure the weight of the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus. Arg or Gln supplementation of the diets influenced neither the production nor the organ weights until 18 days of age. Between 18 and 39 days of age both Arg (0.5% and 1%) and Arg + Gln supplementation improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 3.7%, 6.3% and 4.9%, respectively, while Gln-1% worsened it by 15%. Immunisation slightly (−0.79%) depressed the body weight gain of broilers fed the control diet, which was significantly improved by both Arg (0.5 or 1%) and Arg + Gln supplementation. Immunisation increased the weight of the spleen, bursa and thymus and decreased that of the liver. Supplementation with 1% Gln depressed (−5.13%) the body weight gain of the immunised chickens but strongly stimulated the immune response. Supplementations with Arg and Gln did not influence the IL6 and IFNG level of the blood; however, on day 10 after immunisation these two parameters showed a negative correlation with each other. Regarding production, organ weights and immunity, Arg supplementation should be recommended in the grower phase, while Gln supplementation can be useful in pullets raised for egg production, where a good immune response to vaccinations is an important factor.

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Effect of Short-Term Feed Restriction on Production Traits of Brown and Black Plumage Commercial Layer Strains at Late Phase of Egg Production

American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.11648/j.ajaf.20140202.13 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Simeon Olutoye Olawumi

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Late Phase ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Production Traits ◽

Short Term

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Effects of an induced molt using cassava meal on body weight loss, blood physiology, ovarian regression, and postmolt egg production in late-phase laying hens

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps/pew457 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 1925-1933 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

N. Gongruttananun ◽

P. Kochagate ◽

K. Poonpan ◽

N. Yu-nun ◽

J. Aungsakul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Late Phase ◽

Body Weight Loss

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The Analysis of Live-Attenuated Piscirickettsia salmonis Vaccine Reveals the Short-Term Upregulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Genes in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): An In Situ Open-Sea Cages Study

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9040703 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 703

Author(s):

Deborah Vargas ◽

Eva Vallejos-Vidal ◽

Sebastián Reyes-Cerpa ◽

Aarón Oyarzún-Arrau ◽

Claudio Acuña-Castillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Short Term ◽

Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Gene Markers ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

Piscirickettsia Salmonis

Piscirickettsia salmonis, the etiological agent of the Salmon Rickettsial Septicemia (SRS), is one the most serious health problems for the Chilean salmon industry. Typical antimicrobial strategies used against P. salmonis include antibiotics and vaccines, but these applications have largely failed. A few years ago, the first attenuated-live vaccine against SRS (ALPHA JECT LiVac® SRS vaccine) was released to the market. However, there is no data about the agents involved in the activation of the immune response induced under field conditions. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the expression profile of a set of gene markers related to innate and adaptive immunity in the context of a cellular response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared under productive farm conditions and immunized with a live-attenuated vaccine against P. salmonis. We analyzed the expression at zero, 5-, 15- and 45-days post-vaccination (dpv). Our results reveal that the administration of the attenuated live SRS LiVac vaccine induces a short-term upregulation of the cellular-mediated immune response at 5 dpv modulated by the upregulation of ifnα, ifnγ, and the cd4 and cd8α T cell surface markers. In addition, we also registered the upregulation of il-10 and tgfβ. Altogether, the results suggest that a balanced activation of the immune response took place only at early times post-vaccination (5 dpv). The scope of this short-term upregulation of the cellular-mediated immune response against a natural outbreak in fish subjected to productive farm conditions deserves further research.

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Dosing of neuromuscular blocking agents in patients with obesity: A narrative review

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x20968573 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0310057X2096857

Author(s):

Brian L Erstad ◽

Jeffrey F Barletta

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Ideal Body Weight ◽

Neuromuscular Blocking ◽

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Lean Body Weight ◽

Short Term ◽

Blocking Agents ◽

Ideal Body ◽

Size Descriptor

There is no consensus on which weight clinicians should use for weight-based dosing of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), as exemplified by differing or absent recommendations in clinical practice guidelines. The purpose of this paper is to review studies that evaluated various size descriptors for weight-based dosing of succinylcholine and non-depolarising NMBAs, and to provide recommendations for the descriptors of choice for the weight-based dosing of these agents in patients with obesity. All of the studies conducted to date involving depolarising and non-depolarising NMBAs in patients with obesity have assessed single doses or short-term infusions conducted in perioperative settings. Recognising that any final dosing regimen must take into account patient-specific considerations, the available evidence suggests that actual body weight is the size descriptor of choice for weight-based dosing of succinylcholine and that ideal body weight, or an adjusted (or lean) body weight, is the size descriptor of choice for weight-based dosing of non-depolarising NMBAs.

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Effect of in ovo copper injection on body weight, immune response, blood biochemistry and carcass traits of broiler chicks at 35 days of age

Animal Biotechnology ◽

10.1080/10495398.2021.1874964 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Hanan A. Hassan ◽

A. R. Arafat ◽

K. Y. Farroh ◽

M. S. Bahnas ◽

I. El-wardany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Body Weight ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Blood Biochemistry ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

In Ovo

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Chasing the genes that control resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1079/joh2003174 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 99-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

J.M. Behnke ◽

F. Iraqi ◽

D. Menge ◽

R.L. Baker ◽

J. Gibson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Egg Production ◽

Allelic Variation ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Comparative Genomic ◽

Human Beings ◽

Signalling Molecules ◽

Mhc Genes

AbstractThe host-protective immune response to infection with gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes involves a range of interacting processes that begin with recognition of the parasite's antigens and culminate in an inflammatory reaction in the intestinal mucosa. Precisely which immune effectors are responsible for the loss of specific worms is still not known although many candidate effectors have been proposed. However, it is now clear that many different genes regulate the response and that differences between hosts (fast or strong versus slow or weak responses) can be explained by allelic variation in crucial genes associated with the gene cascade that accompanies the immune response and/or genes encoding constitutively expressed receptor/signalling molecules. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes have been recognized for some time as decisive in controlling immunity, and evidence that non-MHC genes are equally, if not more important in this respect has also been available for two decades. Nevertheless, whilst the former have been mapped in mice, only two candidate loci have been proposed for non-MHC genes and relatively little is known about their roles. Now, with the availability of microsatellite markers, it is possible to exploit linkage mapping techniques to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for resistance to GI nematodes. Four QTL for resistance to Heligmosomoides polygyrus, and additional QTL affecting faecal egg production by the worms and the accompanying immune responses, have been identified. Fine mapping and eventually the identification of the genes (and their alleles) underlying QTL for resistance/susceptibility will permit informed searches for homologues in domestic animals, and human beings, through comparative genomic maps. This information in turn will facilitate targeted breeding to improve resistance in domestic animals and, in human beings, focused application of treatment and control strategies for GI nematodes.

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The Effects of Short Term Feeding of Aflatoxin on Egg Production and Some Plasma Constituents of the Laying Hen ,

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.0522206 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 2206-2211 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

J.D. Garlich ◽

Hsi-Tang Tung ◽

P.B. Hamilton

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hen ◽

Short Term

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PERFORMANCE OF DWARF BROILER BREEDERS IN LAYING CAGES AND FLOOR PENS AND OF NORMAL BREEDERS IN FLOOR PENS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas75-089 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 741-747 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. H. STRAIN ◽

A. P. PILOSKI

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Egg Production ◽

General Pattern ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Male Offspring ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Broiler Breeders ◽

Feed Costs

Dwarf broiler breeders in single-bird cages (DC), in floor pens (DF) and normal broiler breeders in floor pens (NF) were compared for their own and their offspring’s performance. No differences were observed in rate of egg production at 147–329 days of age between the NF and DF birds (48 vs. 47%) whereas the DC birds laid at the rate of 40%. Hen-housed egg numbers for the same period followed the same general pattern (NF, 81; DF, 82; DC, 70 eggs/bird). DF and DC birds consumed less feed per dozen eggs than the NF birds (3.4 vs. 4.3 kg/doz). Egg weights in the early part of the production cycle were not significantly different among the groups but at 294 days of age the normal birds laid larger eggs than the dwarfs (65 vs. 62 g). Dwarfs in cages reached 50% production earlier than the DF or NF birds. Female offspring from the three groups grew at the same rate and weighed 1.7 kg at 56 days of age but there were significant differences in feed conversion (NF, 2.46; DF, 2.43; DC, 2.53 kg/kg body weight produced). Male offspring had small but not statistically significant differences in body weight at 56 days (NF, 2.16; DF, 2.12; DC, 2.09 kg) or feed conversion (NF, 2.30; DF, 2.29; DC, 2.34 kg/kg body weight). Mortality in the offspring ranged from 2.7 to 9.2% but did not differ significantly. Income over feed costs per broiler started did not differ from the three groups regardless of the meat price – feed price combination considered. However, when profit was computed on a breeder hen basis, the DF females were more profitable than either the NF or DC females.

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