"A Country of Failure"

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
The Political ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
Military Junta ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood

This chapter examines the background to the Free Officers' coup d'etat and the political bickering that followed by focusing on the parliamentary regime in its last years, between January 1950 and July 23, 1952. During this period, reform-minded members of the political establishment clashed with those who continued to play politics as usual. Their failures resulted in the end of liberalism in Egypt. The chapter first provides an overview of how competing interests, both foreign and national, doomed Egypt's parliamentary order from the outset before discussing the election of a Wafdist government in 1950 and its eventual failure. It then analyzes the events that served as a prelude to the Free Officers' rising around which disaffected liberals, progressives, communists, and the Muslim Brotherhood constructed a new savior myth: that a military junta would, after imposing constitutional reform, restore parliamentary life and then return to the barracks.

Politics of Culture and Cosmopolitan Nostalgia during Islamists’ Rule in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-169
Author(s):  
Liina Mustonen
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Grand Narrative ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Critical Resource ◽  
Politics Of Culture ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Political Value

Abstract In the aftermath of the Egyptian uprising in 2011 when Egypt witnessed the emergence of a new Islamist political elite, nostalgia for the country’s glorified past took on an increased political value for those who opposed the new rulers. A Cairo-based milieu of socioeconomically privileged actors, who anxiously observed the election victories of the Muslim Brotherhood, criticized the political developments in light of an imagined Egyptian past. In this article I analyze their discourses and practices and show how they instrumentalized notions of an ancient Egyptian civilization and Egypt’s imagined cosmopolitan past in their critique of the new rulers. It illustrates how, in the political climate of growing tensions after the election of Muhammad Morsi, references to an imagined past, one that was more tolerant, civilized and cosmopolitan, provided a critical resource for those who opposed the new rulers. In the article I locate these propagated visions of cosmopolitanism in the context of Egyptian nationalism and the grand narrative of the Egyptian state.

"The People's Army"

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Political Activism ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Political ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
Commanding Officers ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood

This chapter examines the extent to which the Free Officers formed a political ethos that inclined them toward intervention in civilian politics during the conspiratorial stage. The Free Officers' movement was the culmination of a dramatic political reorientation among the officer corps between 1936 and 1952. They represented the generation that turned away from the political establishment and rejected the leadership of its elders. The soldier's relationship to his country, to his people, to his commanding officers and king gave the young officers a particular perspective on the decay of the liberal order. This chapter first provides a historical background on the Egyptian military before discussing the organization of the Free Officers, along with its political activism, developing ideology, and ties to the Muslim Brotherhood.

scholarly journals From Theocracy to Democracy? Towards Secularisation and Individualisation in the Policy of the Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 84-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sofie Roald
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
British Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Political Experience ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood

There is a common assumption that ‘Islam’ has an inherent opposition between the sacred and the secular which obstructs the secularisation process witnessed in western societies. This study argues that Weber’s notion of Protestant religion as a driving force in the rationalisation of society might be an indicator of how political Islam in itself in the end might lead to a differentiation between the religious and the secular sphere; an individualisation and a secularisation of the Islamic message and thereby to a privatisation of religion. The political experience of the Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan is analysed in view of western theories of secularisation, particularly Steve Bruce’s study on secularisation in British society. As Islamists work within the democratic system, there seems to be a transformation from being a radical organisation towards becoming ‘just another comfortable denomination’, as expressed in Bruce’s claim that ‘the sectarian project’ is ‘largely self-defeating’.

Egypt the Triumph of State Over Citizens

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-160
Author(s):  
Marina ◽  
David Ottaway
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gamal Abdel Nasser

This chapter recounts the stages of the 2011 uprising in Egypt, from the fall of one military dictator to the rise of another. The upheaval ended three decades of sclerotic rule under Hosni Mubarak, and ushered in a brief period of democracy that saw the Muslim Brotherhood triumph in parliamentary and presidential elections for the first time in Egyptian history.After a year of tumultuous rule, Islamic President Mohammed Morsi was ousted in a military coup d’état in 2013thanks to the connivance of self-proclaimed democratic secularists. The new military dictator, Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, has set about uprooting all traces of Islamist presence in the country and eliminating all civil society activism as well. His goal has been to turn Egypt back fifty years to restore the military state established by Gamal Abdel Nasser, and imitate his pursuit of costly mega-projects to solve the country’s crushing economic and social problems.

scholarly journals MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD ACTIVITY IN EGYPT (20th – EARLY 21st CENTURIES)

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
N. Lutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
The Political ◽  
Egyptian Revolution ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Anwar Sadat ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Islamic Parties ◽  
The Military

The article examines the origins of political Islam in the Middle East and the terminological aspect of the problem. The stages of the formation of the Egyptian Islamic organization Muslim Brotherhood were clarified and its key ideological tenets were established. The political and socio-economic circumstances in which the organization was formed are outlined. Attention is drawn to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the military and economic presence in Egypt of the United Kingdom, which consolidated political Islamic parties. The process of transforming the Muslim Brotherhood from a "group of like-minded people" into a political party is considered. The political and legal ideas of the founder of the organization Hasan al-Banna are covered. which became the main strategy of the Muslim Brotherhood. The situation of the organization in the 30's and 40's was analyzed during the attempt of Nazi Germany to turn the Brothers into their own puppet. The article reveals the role in the organization of its ideologist Said Qutb. His main ideas and views, which formed the basis of the radical Muslim Brotherhood branch, are analyzed. The link between the radicalism of the organization and the ultra-conservative trend of Islam - "Salafism" - was noted. The connection of the Muslim Brotherhood with the Free Officers organization, which came to power in Egypt in 1952, has been disclosed. It was stated that the Brothers supported General Gamal Nasser in the struggle for power, which allowed them to take part in the parliamentary elections. It is stated that the Brothers' criticism of the policies of Gamal Nasser and Anwar Sadat on Israel led to a ban of the organization's activities in Egypt. It has been established that under the presidency of Hosni Mubarak, the "Brothers" tried to enter parliament in other parties. The place and role of the organization during the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, which led the Muslim Brotherhood to power, were examined. The main reasons for the failure of the organization are indicated.

scholarly journals PEMIKIRAN POLITIK DAN PEMERINTAHAN IKHWANUL MUSLIMIN PASCA MUSIM SEMI ARAB

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Syawaluddin Syawaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
First Time

This paper seeks to uncover the political thought and governmental concept of the Egyptian president, Muhammad Mursy, who was democratically elected for the first time, after the “Arab Spring”. Mursi is a members of the Muslim Brotherhood (IM) who was regarded as a forbidden party or an illegal mass organi- zation in Egypt before. This research based on literature research that seeks to collect the data related to the political thought and governmental concept of Muhammad Mursi as a members of the Muslim Brotherhood party, whether from the Internet or books that discuss about the phenomenon. This research found a num- ber of discoveries conducted by Mursi such as; the opening of a border gate in Gaza for Palestinians to enter Egypt, The vice-president’s from women and non-Muslims, restrict military gains in politics, and the others controversial decision.

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