Temporalities as Ideologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-81
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Graff
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Frank Lloyd Wright ◽  
Alarm Clock ◽  
Transformative Potential ◽  
World's Columbian Exposition ◽  
Columbian Exposition ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
The City

This chapter focuses on temporalities at both sites. First, it looks at the six-month lifespan and subsequent material erasure of the World’s Columbian Exposition, and how its ephemerality provided transformative potential. This is followed by discussion of the fair’s architecture and exhibits from the imagined past, present, and future, and how tourists consumed them and their ideological messages as an unproblematic totality. The archaeological research likewise centered upon Fair temporalities: monumental ephemerality (the fair’s enormous structures made of temporary building materials) and infrastructural permanence (systems of sewerage, water, gas, and electricity). The chapter then turns to the Charnley House, designed by Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright as an aesthetically modern home, whose façade looked “out of time” with the rest of the domestic architecture of the city. Finally, an 1890s alarm clock from the Charnley midden reinforces and makes materially possible the keeping of modern, industrial time.

Disposing of Modernity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Graff
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
World's Fair ◽  
Frank Lloyd Wright ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
Urban America ◽  
World's Columbian Exposition ◽  
Columbian Exposition

Through archaeological and archival research from sites associated with the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Disposing of Modernity explores the changing world of urban America at the turn of the twentieth century. Featuring excavations of trash deposited during the fair, Rebecca Graff’s first-of-its kind study reveals changing consumer patterns, notions of domesticity and progress, and anxieties about the modernization of society. Graff examines artifacts, architecture, and written records from the 1893 fair’s Ohio Building, which was used as a clubhouse for fairgoers in Jackson Park, and the Charnley-Persky House, an aesthetically modern city residence designed by Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. Many of the items she uncovers were products that first debuted at world’s fairs, and materials such as mineral water bottles, cheese containers, dentures, and dinnerware illustrate how fairs created markets for new goods and influenced consumer practices. Graff discusses how the fair’s ephemeral nature gave it transformative power in Chicago society, and she connects its accompanying “conspicuous disposal” habits to today’s waste disposal regimes. Reflecting on the planning of the Obama Presidential Center at the site of the Chicago World’s Fair, she draws attention to the ways the historical trends documented here continue in the present.

Situating the Sites in Chicago

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-53
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Graff
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
World's Columbian Exposition ◽  
Columbian Exposition

This chapter introduces the two Chicago-based archaeological sites that provide the material signature of this book: Jackson Park, the former site of the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition; and the Charnley-Persky House, today the headquarters for the Society of Architectural Historians and an operating museum. After an introduction to Chicago’s natural and anthropogenic landscapes and an overview of the Chicago Fair’s predecessor exhibitions and its planning, the chapter provides historical background on Chicago’s Gold Coast, the Charnley family, and their home designed by Adler and Sullivan. Results from archaeological research in Jackson Park (2007, 2008) and at the Charnley-Persky House (2010, 2015) are framed with attention to the elite social networks of wealthy, white, Protestant Chicagoans in whose hands these projects were entangled. The archaeological results from the sites provide a powerful testament to the lasting ties of commerce and concomitant ideology that suffused the forms of both fairscape and home.

EXPLORATION OF THE EASTERN GATE AND FORTRESS WALLS OF THE MEDIEVAL CITY OF SYGANAK

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
K ZHETIBAYEV ◽  
B SYZDYKOV ◽  
M BAKHTYBAYEV ◽  
M GURSOY
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Political ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Syr Darya

The article, based on medieval historical sources and research conducted on the medieval city of Sygnak, provides a brief overview of the role and significance of the city in the history of the Kazakh nation.One of the major centers on the Great Silk Road, the most important city on the Syr Darya, Sygnak has long been a well-developed culture, economy, crafts and trade, agriculture and cattle breeding.In the XI–XIII centuries it was known as one of the centers of the Kypchak Khanate, in the XIV–XV centuries it was the capital of Ak Orda, and in the XV–XVI centuries it was the capital of the Kazakh Khanate, becoming the political and economic center of the khanate. The defensive system of the medieval city of Sygnak, including the fortified walls with gates, has not been sufficiently studied, therefore, within the framework of this topic, we decided to conduct research work, identify the specifics of the city's defensive system and introduce it into scientific circulation.The article examines the results of archaeological research carried out at the medieval settlement of Syganak, analyzes the architectural features of the eastern gates and fortress walls of the city, manufacturing technology and building materials. In addition, a comparative analysis of the Signak gate with the gates of medieval cities in the region was carried out and additional scientific conclusions were drawn. Based on field data obtained during the excavations, the chronology of the eastern gate and fortress walls was determined.

Spectacular Work: Labor as Entertainment at the World's Columbian Exposition Fairgrounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-162
Author(s):  
Meredith Conti
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
World's Fair ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
World's Columbian Exposition ◽  
Columbian Exposition ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

Night is falling in the city. Holiday shoppers bustle down the sidewalk, some pausing to gaze at a colorful billboard publicizing the delights of an upcoming exposition. A few crafty rats scamper along a tall wooden fence, stalked by a sinister ratcatcher of the Dickensian mold. Children frolic, fight, and tease one another in front of the fence, the familiar syncopated strains of Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker overture underscoring their exuberant street play. This is not, however, the early 1800s Germany of the upper-class Stahlbaum family. It's 1892 Chicago. In the Joffrey Ballet's 2016 production of The Nutcracker, the story of Clara Stahlbaum's innocent Christmas Eve dalliances with an anthropomorphic nutcracker and their journey to the Land of Sweets becomes the story of Marie, the daughter of a Polish immigrant single mother, whose fantasyland is the future Chicago World's Fair. Marie's mother, we learn, is a hired artist working on the fair's sculptures. Marie, Fritz, and their mother inhabit a wooden shack in the heart of the construction site, surrounded by the skeletal structures that will become the White City's buildings. Drosselmeyer is now “The Great Impresario,” a character of vision and magnetism inspired by the fair's Director of Works Daniel H. Burnham, and Marie's working-class mother transforms in the second act into the embodiment of the fair's golden Statue of the Republic, a less saccharine substitute for the Sugar Plum Fairy. The mutual affection of Mother and The Great Impresario spans both acts, and though the ballet leaves unclear the outcome of their budding romance, in it young Marie sees the promise of her American dream: a contented nuclear family.

scholarly journals Beautiful economic features of public landscaping in city beautiful

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Emilson Caputo Delfino Silva ◽  
Adriana Marasca
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economy ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Economic Rationale ◽  
World's Columbian Exposition ◽  
Columbian Exposition ◽  
City Beautiful ◽  
The City ◽  
Beautiful City

<p>City beautiful was a movement of great reach and inspiration, which apparently, was initiated in Chicago in 1893 during the World’s Columbian Exposition. The movement’s premises were artistic, architectural, social, political and economic. Among the artistic and architectural aspects of the city beautiful movement, the provision of high quality public landscaping was of paramount importance. As for the economic rationale behind the movement, we encounter the thinking that a beautiful city should increase its residents’ enjoyment of the city’s attributes and hence attachment to the city, raise real estate values as well as expand city business, with larger sales of city goods and services to local and touristic customers. This paper examines the economic rationale behind the city beautiful movement. We consider a “regional” economy consisting of two adjacent cities, which are identical in many of its attributes, such as the sizes of their populations. We build a general equilibrium model for the agents (consumers and producers) in this economy and demonstrate that the economic rationale behind the city beautiful movement is sound. Each city’s wealth and welfare are proportional to its quality level and a city’s quality level is proportional to the city’s public landscaping quality.</p>

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Graff
Keyword(s):  
Gold Coast ◽  
Frank Lloyd Wright ◽  
World's Columbian Exposition ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Columbian Exposition ◽  
To Come ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Many

This chapter begins with two Chicago vignettes to frame the discussion to come. The first is an account of public responses to the end of the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in the months after it closed for good. Alternately used as a space for homeless “tramps,” souvenir hunters, and incipient preservationists, the fairgrounds exerted a powerful emotional hold on the many tourists who visited it. Next, the chapter introduces James and Helen Charnley as they moved into their new Louis Sullivan- and Frank Lloyd Wright-designed home on the Gold Coast—a startlingly modern home from 1892 that looked nothing like the elaborate Victorian mansions that surrounded it. Finally, the chapter introduces the Chicago Fair as we consider it today: a watershed moment in the development of modern, industrial American society that invites further investigation to understand the myriad social and cultural processes still part of American urban experiences today.

scholarly journals FURNACE FOR BURNING BRICKS OF THE MEDIEVAL TOWN OF KYSHKALA

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. ARYNOV ◽  
◽  
M. ELEUOV ◽  
B. SIZDIKOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The City ◽  
Topographic Structure

The article examines the role of the medieval settlement of Kyshkala among our historical values, touching upon the results of archaeological research carried out to this day. Also the historical topographic structure of the city was described, information about the central part and economic zones was given. Due to the lack of knowledge of the economic zone of the medieval settlement of Kyshkala, including the place of the kiln for firing ceramics, within the framework of this topic, we decided to conduct research work, identify the specifics of the identified kiln and introduce it into scientific circulation. The article discusses the results of archaeological research work carried out in the Kyshkala Settlement in 2019, analyzes the architectural features, manufacturing technology and building materials of the furnace, identified in the economic zone of the monument. In addition, a comparative analysis was carried out with pottery kilns found in medieval cities and additional scientific conclusions were drawn. On the basis of material data obtained during the excavations, the period of the stove's location in the Kyshkala Settlement was determined.

The Fire, the Bomb, and the Fair, 1871–1893

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Robert G. Spinney
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World's Columbian Exposition ◽  
The World ◽  
Columbian Exposition ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Leaders ◽  
Chicago Fire Of 1871

This chapter analyzes three events that served both to define Chicago and reveal the city to the nation during the years between 1871 and 1893. It discusses the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the Haymarket Bombing of 1886, and the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. It also emphasizes on the enthralling stories of the three events that provided windows through which the late 1800s Chicago can be viewed by the world. The chapter talks about the fire, the bomb, and the fair that occurred within the context of late nineteenth-century apprehensions regarding Chicago. It also highlights how urban leaders managed the three events in order to combat the perception that cities were dangerous, immoral, and unnatural.

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