scholarly journals Genotypic values and genetic correlations for components and oil content of bunch of hybrids between caiaué and dendê

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Alessandra Ferraiolo de Freitas ◽  
Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Vieira da Cunha ◽  
Antônio José de Abreu Pina ◽  
Marcos Deon Vilela Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Physical Composition ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Selection Of

Interspecific hybridization between Elaeis oleiferaand Elaeisguineensis(HIE OxG) is explored in plant breeding programs to meet the demand for resistant cultivars to fatal yellowing, which is the biggest phytosanitary problem in E. guineensisplants in South America, including Brazil. In addition to resistance to fatal yellowing, cultivars should have high oil yield, which depends directly on bunch production and oil content in the bunches (O/FFB). The obtaining of genetic gains in O/FFBfor OxG requires information on the genotypic values of the breeding population and the understanding of how the components of the bunch are related to this characteristic in this type of material. Thus, the objective of this work was toestimate genotypic values and genetic correlations for bunch components and analyze the potential of using these components in the selection of gains for O/FFB. The physical composition and oil content in mesocarp of 840 bunches from 39 HIE OxG F1 progenies were analyzed. Genotypic values for bunch components were estimated using the procedure REML/BLUP andwere obtained from genetic correlations between them. All evaluated components presented genetic variation with possibility of gains through selection, especially the oil content in the bunch (O/FFB), which presented variability above 23%. The selection for O/FFBwill mainly result in bunches with a higher fruit proportion over the weight of the bunch (TF/FFB), greater oil contents in mesocarp of normal and parthenocarpic fruits, and lower proportion of empty spikelets. Considering the high and positive correlations between O/FFBand the evaluated characteristics and the practicality of evaluation, the characteristics with higher potential for indirect selection to increase O/FFBare TF/FFBand proportion of mesocarp in normal fruits.

Use of a Pilodyn for the indirect selection of basic density in Eucalyptusnitens

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1643-1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Greaves ◽  
N.M.G. Borralho ◽  
C.A. Raymond ◽  
A. Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Selection Intensity ◽  
Selection Efficiency ◽  
Direct Assessment ◽  
Pilodyn Penetration ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Repeatability ◽  
Selection Of

Six hundred 7-year-old Eucalyptusnitens (Dean & Maid.) trees from 50 open-pollinated families were measured for wood density and Pilodyn penetration across two contrasting sites in eastern Victoria, Australia. Eight Pilodyn observations, two from each of four aspects, were made at a height of 1.3 m. Density was measured on whole disks cut from 1.3 m. Heritability of Pilodyn penetration and disk density at 1.3 m were 0.60 and 0.73, respectively. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between Pilodyn penetration and density at 1.3 m were −0.59 and −0.92, respectively. The high repeatability of Pilodyn penetration (0.90) suggests that only two observations per tree would be required for indirect selection of density. Direct index selection for density gave an expected 13% gain (assuming a selection intensity of 1%), compared with a 11% gain by using indirect Pilodyn selection, a selection efficiency of 84%. However, Pilodyn sampling is faster, cheaper, and not destructive, thus resulting in overall higher expected gains for selection of trees or culling of seedling seed orchards in comparison with the more destructive direct assessment of density.

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for body weight and greasy fleece weight at weaning in Australian Merino sheep

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 997 ◽  
Author(s):  
SSY Young ◽  
GH Brown ◽  
Turner H Newton ◽  
CHS Dolling
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Australian Merino

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for body weight and greasy fleece weight at weaning were estimated in a flock of Australian Merinos. Maternal handicaps were found to be more severe at weaning than at the older age of 15–16 months. Lambs born to 2-year-old ewes were 2–3 lb lighter in body weight at weaning and 0.2 lb lighter in greasy fleece weight than the offspring of adult ewes. Twin lambs were on the average 6–7 lb lighter than singles and cut 0.5 lb less greasy wool. Greasy fleece weight at weaning was found to be fairly highly heritable but only moderately repeatable. The repeatability and heritability of weaning body weight were both low. The genetic correlations estimated here were associated with appreciable sampling errors, but the estimates strongly suggested high and positive correlations between measurements at weaning and at 15–16 months for both traits. A general consideration of the relative efficiency of direct versus indirect selection, based on the information obtained in this study, leads to the conclusion that for greater genetic gains, mass selection for greasy wool weight and body weight at weaning should be carried out on measurements at 15–16 months of age, rather than at weaning.

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

scholarly journals Diallelic analysis for lysine and oil contents in maize grains

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Oliveira Medici ◽  
Salete Aparecida Gaziola ◽  
Vanderlei Aparecido Varisi ◽  
José Antonio Carmezini de Paula ◽  
Renato Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Level ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Six S5 lines of maize, with differences for lysine and oil contents in grains, were used to carry out a complete series of diallelic crosses. The resulting 15 hybrids were grown in a field at two nitrogen levels (10 and 130 kg N ha-1). The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were obtained by using the method 4, model I of Griffing for grain yield, and grain lysine and oil contents. Significant (p < 0.001) interaction was observed between GCA and N levels for grain yield, indicating the selection of different lines for each N level. This interaction was not significant for lysine content, but there were significant effects of GCA for this trait at both N levels (p < 0.1). Significant effects were not observed for GCA or SCA for oil content, however a positive correlation was observed between lysine and oil contents in the hybrids, in the lines and even in the control cultivars. The results indicate the effectiveness of selection for lysine content, irrespective of N level, in the studied non-opaque maize lines, and the possibility of achieving both high lysine and oil content in grains.

scholarly journals Phenotypical resistance correlation networks for 10 non-typhoidalSalmonellasubpopulations in an active antimicrobial surveillance programme

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Love ◽  
K. A. Zawack ◽  
J. G. Booth ◽  
Y. T. Gröhn ◽  
C. Lanzas
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Correlation Networks ◽  
Antimicrobial Surveillance ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Selection For

AbstractAntimicrobials play a critical role in treating cases of invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis (iNTS) and other diseases, but efficacy is hindered by resistant pathogens. Selection for phenotypical resistance may occur via several mechanisms. The current study aims to identify correlations that would allow indirect selection of increased resistance to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin to improve antimicrobial stewardship. These are medically important antibiotics for treating iNTS, but these resistances persist in non-TyphiSalmonellaserotypes even though they are not licensed for use in US food animals. A set of 2875Salmonella entericaisolates collected from animal sources by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System were stratified in to 10 subpopulations based on serotype and host species. Collateral resistances in each subpopulation were estimated as network models of minimum inhibitory concentration partial correlations. Ceftriaxone sensitivity was correlated with otherβ-lactam resistances, and less commonly resistances to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or kanamycin. Azithromycin resistance was frequently correlated with chloramphenicol resistance. Indirect selection for ciprofloxacin resistance via collateral selection appears unlikely. Density of the ACSSuT subgraph resistance aligned well with the phenotypical frequency. The current study identifies several important resistances in iNTS serotypes and further research is needed to identify the causative genetic correlations.

scholarly journals Selection of Tomato and Cucumber Accessions for Waterlogging Sensitivity through Morpho-Physiological Assessment at an Early Vegetative Stage

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1490
Author(s):  
Anna Kołton ◽  
Kinga Kęska ◽  
Małgorzata Czernicka
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Physiological Assessment ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Waterlogging anomalies have recently increased, causing a reduction in yield and the loss of billions of dollars. Plant selection for increased tolerance to stress factors requires parameters with high sensitivity, as well as fast and inexpensive measurements. The aim of this study was to select tomato and cucumber accessions that reveal sensitivity and tolerance to waterlogging stress at an early vegetative stage. The selection of effective criteria for assessing plants was also an important issue. A total of 19 cucumber (including four highly homozygous) and 16 tomato accessions were evaluated, and plants with three true leaves were examined. The root zone of stressed plants was waterlogged for 7 days in a deep container. Morphological and physiological characteristics were obtained after 7 days of treatment and used for cluster analysis for discrimination of tolerant and sensitive accessions. Significant decreases in Fv/F0, Fv/Fm, Area, PI ABS, ET0/ABS, and ET0/TR0 parameters, as well as increases in DI0/RC, were observed in sensitive accessions, with no changes in tolerant plants. The OJIP test parameters (Fv/F0, PI ABS, DI0/RC, and Area) were more sensitive in selecting for waterlogging stress than Fv/Fm. The present research can be used in breeding programs. Selected accessions will support a detailed explanation of the physiological differences in response to waterlogging stress in tomato and cucumber plants.

Selection for clean fleece weight in Merino sheep. II.* Correlated responses to selection

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Fibre Density ◽  
Asymmetrical Pattern ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Staple Length

Correlated responses to selection for high and low clean fleece weight (W) in the Peppin Merino (Fleece plus and Fleece minus flocks respectively) are presented together with estimates of realized genetic correlations where appropriate. There were strong positive correlations between W and greasy fleece weight and between W and clean scoured yield, and a strong negative correlation between Wand crimp frequency. There was no consistent association between W and body weight. Selection for W caused little change in wool colour, a slight improvement in wool character, and an improvement in wool handle in the rams, but not in the ewes. There was an increase in face cover score and a decrease in birthcoat score in the Fleece minus flock, but there was no change in either trait in the Fleece plus flock. Possible reasons for these asymmetries are discussed. Most of the response in W in the Fleece plus flock arose through increases in fibre density, fibre diameter and staple length. Staple length was the major component associated with response in W in the Fleece minus flock. Decreases also occurred in fibre density and wrinkle score but there was no change in fibre diameter. Continued response in W in the Fleece minus flock was through staple length and, to a lesser extent, wrinkle score. The response in fibre density in both flocks arose through change in the ratio of secondary to primary fibres. Two-year-old and lifetime reproductive performances are reported for the two selection flocks. The Fleece minus 2-year-old ewes weaned significantly more lambs than their Fleece plus counterparts over the period studied. The lifetime reproductive performance of ewes was similar in both flocks, although there were significantly more multiple births in the Fleece plus flock. An examination of the divergence between the two flocks revealed no significant time trends. The asymmetrical pattern of response in W in these flocks is discussed in the light of the present data. __________________ *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 25: 643 (1974).

Usefulness of some components of the lactation curve for selection in Murrah buffaloes

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
J. S. Cheema ◽  
S. B. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Initial Peak

ABSTRACTThe study was based on 1156 lactation records of 545 Murrah buffaloes. Initial milk yield, peak yield, ascending phase milk yield and days to attain peak daily production, the means of which were 26·7 kg, 10·3 kg, 407 kg and 58·9 days respectively, were all affected by period, season and parity of calving. Heifers recorded the least initial milk yield and peak yield and took the longest time to reach peak production. Peak yield was the most important single factor (R2 = 0·41) in causing variation in 43-week milk yield. The heritability estimates for initial, peak and ascending phase milk yields and days to attain peak yield were 0·35, 0·51, 0·27 and 0·13 respectively, whilst that for 43-week milk yield was 0·18. Peak yield had the highest phenotypic (rP = 0·64) and genetic correlations (ra = 0·68 ± 0·19) with the 43-week milk yield. Other genetic correlations with the 43-week milk yield were low and non-significant. The results indicated that indirect selection for peak yield would be more effective than direct selection for improving the 43-week milk yield in buffaloes.

scholarly journals Agronomic evaluation and clonal selection of ginger genotypes (Zingiber officinale Roseoe) in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Eleonora Zambrano Blanco ◽  
José Baldin Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Selection Of

The analysis of the genetic diversity of ginger based on agronomic traits is essential to know its performance and to design breeding programs. In this study, we analyzed the phenotypic variability of 61 accessions of the ginger germplasm collection of the "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture at the University of Sao Paulo (ESALQ/USP) in a complete randomized block design with four replications. An analysis of variance test was performed and genetic parameters such as heritability, genetic variance, environmental variance, genetic-environmental variation ratio (CVg/CVe) and genetic correlations were estimated. There were highly significant differences (P≤0.01) among the accessions for all the agronomic traits analyzed. The CVg/CVe ratio (>1), along with the high heritability (>80%), showed a significant contribution of genetic factors on the phenotypic expression of plant height, rhizome thickness and yield traits, favoring the clonal selection of genotypes. Accessions Gen-29, Gen-29, Gen-32, Gen-36, Gen-37, Gen-40, Gen-41, Gen-42, Gen-50 were selected due to the best agronomic performance when compared to the rest of the germplasm. The results obtained may be useful in future breeding programs in Brazil.

Selection of Eggplant Genotypes Tolerant to High Temperatures

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo de Normandes Valadares ◽  
Danieli Andrade Nóbrega ◽  
Carolina da Silva Moreira ◽  
Jordana Antônia dos Santos Silva ◽  
Adônis Queiroz Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Selection Of

In the northeast of Brazil, the yield of eggplant has been unpredictable, especially when the flowering coincides with the hottest period of the year. The objective of this study was to evaluate eggplant genotypes for tolerance to high temperatures and to identify correlations between traits that aid the indirect selection of genotypes tolerant to high temperatures. Twenty-two genotypes were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications conducted in a greenhouse and in the open field, both located at the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, between December 2016 and May 2017. Positive correlations were obtained for the pairs, number of fruits per plant (NFP) x fruit fixation index (FFI), NFP x production per plant (PP) and PP x FFI and negative for the pair NFP x PP. The associations among the traits pollen viability (PV), FFI, NFP and PP were low and/or negative for all pairs in both environments and indicates that the indirect selection for FFI and PP through PV is not efficient. Higher values for PV, NFP, PP were observed in greenhouse cultivation, while in the field the genotypes had the best performance for fruit weight (FWe) FFI, fruit length (FL), fruit width (FWi) and length/width ratio of fruit (FLWR). In high temperature conditions, the genotypes CNPH 135, CNPH 93, CNPH 79, CNPH 84, CNPH 71, CNPH 71, CNPH 668, Ajimurasaki F1 and Kokushi Onaga F1 with good FFI and CNPH 135 with the highest FFI, PP, PV and PWe. The FFI in 45.4% of the genotypes under high temperatures was low, around 21.3 and 40.5%. In the field, genotypes CNPH 84 and CNPH 668 stood out with the best FFI (> 60%).

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