scholarly journals Diallelic analysis for lysine and oil contents in maize grains

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Oliveira Medici ◽  
Salete Aparecida Gaziola ◽  
Vanderlei Aparecido Varisi ◽  
José Antonio Carmezini de Paula ◽  
Renato Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Level ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Six S5 lines of maize, with differences for lysine and oil contents in grains, were used to carry out a complete series of diallelic crosses. The resulting 15 hybrids were grown in a field at two nitrogen levels (10 and 130 kg N ha-1). The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were obtained by using the method 4, model I of Griffing for grain yield, and grain lysine and oil contents. Significant (p < 0.001) interaction was observed between GCA and N levels for grain yield, indicating the selection of different lines for each N level. This interaction was not significant for lysine content, but there were significant effects of GCA for this trait at both N levels (p < 0.1). Significant effects were not observed for GCA or SCA for oil content, however a positive correlation was observed between lysine and oil contents in the hybrids, in the lines and even in the control cultivars. The results indicate the effectiveness of selection for lysine content, irrespective of N level, in the studied non-opaque maize lines, and the possibility of achieving both high lysine and oil content in grains.

HETEROSIS, COMBINING ABILITY, AND PREDICTED SYNTHETICS FROM A DIALLEL CROSS IN SUNFLOWERS (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Putt
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seed Characters ◽  
Mature Weight

Heterosis occurred for the eight plant and seed characters studied. It was most frequent for yield of seed and height of plant. Mean squares for general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) were significant (P =.01) for all characters. The estimated components for gca were greater than for sca for days to mature, weight per bushel, and percent oil in the seed; less for height and yield of seed; and essentially the same for days to bloom, diameter of head, and weight per 1000 seeds.The yield of seed and percent oil in the seed, for the highest ranking 100 synthetics that could be composed from the 10 lines, was predicted in F6 assuming 50 and 60% outcrossing between F2 and F6. Virtually all values exceeded the mean performance of four check samples of commercial hybrids. Many exceeded the highest rank check for oil content in the seed. Fourteen of the highest ranking 100 synthetics for yield and 30 for oil content consisted of two or three lines. It was concluded that synthetics can be superior to the present hybrids in heterosis and that desirable synthetics can be made from only a few lines.

scholarly journals Using scab resistant donors in apple breeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 600-603
Author(s):  
B. Gelvonauskis ◽  
D. Gelvonauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
Selection Of

Apple cultivars were crossed according to the half-diallel and topcross mating design. Apple scab resistance of seedlings was estimated by using a 0–5 scale: 0 – no infection on leaves, 5 – more than 75% of leaf area infected. Percentage of scab resistant seedlings in crosses involving cultivars Prima varied from 35.8% to 67.6%, involving cultivars Florina and Arbat – 51.9–59.5% and 53.5–72.5%, respectively. Significant differences for resistance to scab were found among the crosses. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant. The significance of GCA for scab resistance shows that genetic variability exists for this trait and selection should result in genetic progress, because the mean square for GCA was larger than that calculated for SCA. Therefore, selection of parents on its phenotype should be effective for development of resistant apple cultivars. The significant SCA estimates indicate that a large number of resistant seedlings from particular crosses should be selected.

Combining ability and heterosis studyin maize inbreds throughout diallel mating design

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-609
Author(s):  
ANMS Karim ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
AH Akhi ◽  
MZA Talukder ◽  
A Karim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Type ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Ear Height

Combining ability effects were estimated for grain yield and some other important agronomic traits of maize in a 7×7 diallel analysis excluding reciprocals. The variances for general combining ability (GCA) were found significant for yield, days to pollen shedding, days to silking and ear height while it was found non-significant for plant height and number of kernels/ear. Non-significant general combining ability (GCA) variance for plant height and number of kernels/ear indicates that these two traits were predominantly controlled by non- additive type of gene action. Specific combining ability (SCA) was significant for all the characters except yield and days to silking. Non-significant specific combining ability (SCA) variance for yield and days to silking suggests that these two traits were predominantly controlled by additive type of gene action. Both GCA and SCA variances were found significant only in days to pollen shedding and ear height indicated the presence of additive as well as non additive gene effects for controlling the traits. However, relative magnitude of these variances indicated that additive gene effects were more prominent for all the characters studied except days to silking. Parent BIL95 was the best general combiner for both high yield and number of kernels/ear and parent BML4 for dwarf plant type. Two crosses (BML4× BML36 and BIL114× BIL31) exhibited significant and positive SCA effects for grain yield involved low × average and average × average general combining parents. The range of heterosis expressed by different crosses for grain yield and days to silking was from -65.83 to 21.26 percent and -17.85 to 8.22 percent, respectively.. The better performing three crosses (BIL114×BIL31, BIL138×BIL95 and BIL31×BIL95) can be utilized for developing high yielding hybrid varieties as well as for exploiting hybrid vigour.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 599-609, December 2018

scholarly journals Evaluation of inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) through line × tester method

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-683
Author(s):  
MN Amin ◽  
M Amiruzzaman ◽  
A Ahmed ◽  
MR Ali
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Wide Range

Maize inbred lines were evaluated by using line × tester method involving 11 lines and 3 testers for grain yield and its components through estimation of general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) effects. Highly significant genotypic differences were observed indicated wide range of variability present among the genotypes. The crosses with high sca effect for grain yield were evolved from high × low general combiner parents which reveled additive × dominance type of gene action. The cross combinations 9MS4-1 × L22, 9MS4-1 × L486, 9MS4-2 × L431, 9MS4-11 × L486 and 9MS4- 15 × L431 with high positive sca effect having high mean values might be used for obtaining high yielding hybrids. The information on the nature of gene action with respective variety and characters might be used depending on the breeding objectives. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i4.22547 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(4): 675-683, December 2014

Heterosis and combining ability in hybrids ofAvena sativaL. andA. byzantinaC. Koch.

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
North West ◽  
Yield Trial

SUMMARYThree varieties ofAvena byzantinaC. Koch., Sierra, Avon and Anita, originating respectively in California, Australia and South Africa, together with the Dutch variety Condor (A. sativaL.) were used as ‘subject’ varieties in crosses with a range of nine tester varieties of mainly north-west European origin. The results of a yield trial of spacedF1transplants and a drilledF2trial are presented.In theF1trial there was marked heterosis for grain yield, the thirty-six crosses yielding, on average, 109 % of the higher yielding parent, with individual cross values ranging from 68 to 139%. Heterosis was more marked insativa × byzantinacrosses than insativa × sativacrosses and the variety Sierra showed particularly high general combining ability. In theF2trial, heterosis was considerably reduced and the thirty-six crosses yielded, on average, only 96% of the higher yielding parent. In someF1crosses, heterosis for grain yield was accompanied by transgression of the higher yielding parent in number of panicles per unit area. The number of grains per panicle was positively correlated with grain yield in theF2trial but no heterosis was observed for this component. Grain size was negatively correlated with yield in theF2trial and heterosis for this component was observed in a few crosses in which yield heterosis occurred.Straw height was positively correlated with grain yield in theF1trial but negatively correlated in theF2trial. Crosses showing heterosis for yield exceeded the mid-parent but not the taller parent in straw height. The ratio of grain yield to straw yield was higher for the progenies of thebyzantinavarieties Sierra and Avon than for the progenies of thesativasubject Condor. Grain yield was positively correlated with number of days to 50% panicle emergence in both trials.It is concluded that theA. byzantinavarieties Sierra and Avon could, with advantage, be used for hybridization with adapted genotypes ofA. sativa, thereby enlarging the gene pool available to oat breeders in north-west Europe.

scholarly journals Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Fruit Quality in Pear

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Bell ◽  
Jules Janick
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Selection Of

Narrow-sense heritability estimates were computed for five fruit quality characteristics and their weighted total index. Grit content and skin russeting were moderately heritable traits, while flesh texture, flavor, appearance, and the weighted total score were of relatively low heritability. Within sub-populations of crosses, defined by the species ancestry of the parents, the relative magnitudes of heritabilities for each trait varied, but were in general agreement with those for the entire population. The general combining ability variances were 4.5 to 12.0 times those for specific combining ability, although both were statistically significant for all traits and the weighted quality index. The species ancestry of a parent had no effect on its general combining ability rank. While selection of individual seedlings on the basis of their own phenotype will result in genetic improvement for grit and russet, selection based on a combination of full-sib family means and individual phenotypes is recommended for flavor, texture, appearance, and overall fruit quality.

scholarly journals Correlations and path analysis for yield components in irrigated rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Eduardo Anibele Streck ◽  
Gabriel Almeida Aguiar ◽  
Paulo Henrique Karling Facchinello ◽  
Lais Perin ◽  
Tuise Kuhn Krüger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Complex Character ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Selection Of

Grain yield of irrigated rice is a complex character resulting from the expression and association of different components, which should be considered by the breeder for an efficient process of selection of new genotypes. In this sense, the objective is to highlight the phenotypic correlations and the direct and indirect associations of the main components related to crop yield via path analysis. The experiment was carried out in an experimental field of the Lowlands Station of Embrapa Clima Temperado using six genotypes of irrigated rice: the cultivars BRS Pampa, BRS IRGA 409, BRS 7 ‘Taim’, BRS Sinuelo CL, BRS Pampeira and AB 10101 CL. The agronomic characters evaluated were grain yield, days to flowering, panicle length, panicle mass, number of fertile spikelets, number of sterile spikelets, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per square meter, and mass of one thousand grains. The number of fertile spikelets, number of panicles per square meter, panicle mass and mass of one thousand grains influenced grain yield, both through phenotypic correlation and direct effects. In addition, there was a high direct linear tendency of these variables towards yield. Panicle length and number of sterile spikelets showed a potential of use in the indirect selection for grain yield.

scholarly journals Combining ability studies for yield, associated traits and quality attributes in rice for South Gujarat (Oryza sativa L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Navin Chander Gahtyari ◽  
P. I. Patel ◽  
Rakesh Choudhary ◽  
Sudhir Kumar ◽  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Length

Line x tester analysis using a set of four females, ten males and their forty hybrids was carried out to esti-mate the general combining ability of parents and specific combining ability of hybrids for yield and ten other associ-ated components in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a Randomized Block Design during Kharif 2011. GCA variances for females (s2f) were significant at 0.1% level of significance for plant height (40.8), no. of grains per panicle (505.9), grain yield per plant (29.1), test weight(17.9), straw yield per plant (61.3) and kernel L/B ratio (0.2) whereas specific combining ability (SCA) variances for f x m interactions were highly significant for all the characters. Non-additive gene action was prevalent in all characters (Range: 0.03 in amylose content to 0.88 in kernel length breadth ratio) except plant height (1.33) as evident by low GCA to SCA ratio. None of the parents were good general combiner for all traits, however, female IR-28 and male AMT-119 and PNR-546 were good general combiners for a maximum number of traits i.e. five traits out of eleven.. The general combining ability for grain yield per plant for female parent Gurjari (6.19) and NVSR-178 (5.29); and male parents AMT 119 (2.73) and PNR 546 (2.44) makes them a good choice for improving yields in a hybridization programme as these female and male parents are also having signifi-cant GCA effects for maximum number of yield associated traits i.e. four and five traits out of eleven for female and male parents respectively. A vis-à-vis comparison of top three specific combining ability crosses with their mean performance showed correlation and these crosses were having at least one good general combining ability parent.

scholarly journals Potential of the ESA23B maize population for protein and oil content improvement

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Mittelmann ◽  
José Branco de Miranda Filho ◽  
Gustavo Júlio Mello Monteiro de Lima ◽  
Claudete Hara-Klein ◽  
Ricardo Takao Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Selection Of

Among the traits that may add commercial value to maize (Zea mays L.), those related to nutritional quality, specially protein and oil content, are of great interest to the feed industry. The objective of this work was studying the variability of protein and oil content, as well as yield, in a group of maize testcrosses. One hundred and twenty S1 families of the ESA23B maize population were crossed with two testers, an open-pollinated population (BR108) and an exotic line (CML269). Testcrosses were evaluated at two locations under a completely randomized block design with three replications. Ear and grain yield, protein and oil content were evaluated. The three-way interaction location x tester x progeny was significant for all traits, except for oil content. Differences among progenies were detected for all traits. Testcross means varied from 8.40% to 11.82% for protein content and from 3.77% to 5.10% for oil content. Hybrids with similar or superior means to the best check were identified for protein content, ear yield, and grain yield. Estimates of the interpopulation additive variance ranged from 0.553 to 1.124 for protein content; 0.034 to 0.057 for oil content (percent data); 132.13 to 521.74 for ear yield and 116.33 to 381.73 for grain yield (data in grams per plant). The population ESA23B can potentially be improved for all the traits studied. Associations among traits were weak, thus concomitant selection of quality and yield can be feasible.

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