Seasonal Changes in the Composition and Thermal Properties of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of the City of Perm, Russia

The paper presents experimental studies of municipal solid waste (MSW) composition and its thermal properties (moisture and ash content). Measurements were taken to track seasonal changes in the composition of MSW. For example, in spring, the content of organic waste was 17.0% and, in autumn, it reached 31.5% due to considerable consumption of seasonal vegetables and fruits. The share of paper in MSW changed from 21.4% in spring to 9.7% in autumn. More paper in spring is due to discarded student notebooks at the end of a school year, as well as spring household cleaning. These data indicate significant changes in waste composition during the year, which should be taken into account when planning technologies for waste management. Laboratory studies of moisture and ash content by season allowed the range of these changes to be determined. In autumn for instance, the moisture and ash content of organic waste was about 82% and 14%, respectively, while in winter, it was approximately 73% and 22%, respectively. These figures can be explained by the organic waste origin: autumn organic waste often comes from fruit pulp and, for example, watermelon peels, and winter organic waste tends to consist mostly of dry vegetable peels such as potato peelings. The low calorific value of certain components is based on their composition and the level of moisture and ash in different seasons. Therefore, it is important to take into account the moisture and ash content of individual components, not average values, in order to calculate the waste calorific value. MSW thermal characteristics change significantly over the seasons: the MSW moisture content is the highest in autumn (about 49%) and the lowest in winter (32%). The ash content in MSW ranges from 20% in spring and autumn to 27% in summer. The lowest calorific value per working mass in different seasons varies from 7 to 10 MJ/kg, which must be taken into consideration when developing waste management systems in general and when designing specific energy recovery facilities.

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ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPONENTS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE OF A CITY WITH A POPULATION OF 300 000 PEOPLE

Industrial Heat Engineering ◽

10.31472/ihe.2.2018.05 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

O.I. Sigal ◽

L.I. Vorobiov ◽

N.Y. Pavliuk ◽

R.V. Serhiienko

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Domestic Waste ◽

Solid Domestic Waste ◽

Energy Characteristics ◽

Integrated Waste Management

The results of experimental studies of humidity, ash content, calorific value for сomponents of municipal solid waste in Cherkassy city are presented. The results of the research are used to develop an integrated waste management and recycling system in the Cherkassy city. The waste management strategy has been adopted in Ukraine. It determines the main directions of reforming the system of sanitary cleaning of cities in order to minimize environmental pollution in accordance with EU standards. In the process of preparation of the regional implementation plan for the Strategy in Cherkassy, a study of the morphology, energy and environmental characteristics of the components of solid domestic waste (SDW) was made. This article presents the results of experimental studies of humidity, calorific value and ash content for 8 components of waste: paper, cardboard, composite materials, textiles, hygiene products, plastic, other combustible materials, wood shavings are presented. Humidity is also determined in organic residues and in fine fractions. The investigations were carried out at the experimental stand of the Institute of Technical Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Due to the absence in Ukraine of standards for the study of energy characteristics of solid waste, the measurements were carried out in accordance with standards for solid organic fuels, which slightly differ from the EU methods for the study of solid waste. In order to develop regional integrated waste management plans within the framework of the strategy implementation, based on the qualitative analysis of MSW components, it is necessary to develop standards for determining the energy characteristics of SDW in line with European normative documents. The study of the energy characteristics of solid waste showed a significant heterogeneity in the components of solid waste, which significantly complicated the determination of characteristics and led to a considerable scatter of results and an increase in measurement uncertainty. This happened due to low weight and the need for thorough homogenization of the sample, which was experimentally investigated in accordance with the method of preparation of an analytical sample. The article analyzes need for adaptation of the European methods of detailed morphology of solid domestic waste in Ukraine, which is necessary for separate waste collection. The results of the research are used to develop an integrated waste management and recycling system in the city of Cherkassy.

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Characterization of Refuse Derived Fuel Production from Municipal Solid Waste: The Case Studies in Latvia and Lithuania

Environmental and Climate Technologies ◽

10.2478/rtuect-2020-0090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 112-118

Author(s):

Dace Âriņa ◽

Rūta Bendere ◽

Gintaras Denafas ◽

Jānis Kalnačs ◽

Mait Kriipsalu

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Fuel Production ◽

Heating Value ◽

Refuse Derived Fuel ◽

Morphological Composition ◽

The Mean

AbstractThe authors determined the morphological composition of refuse derived fuel (RDF) produced in Latvia and Lithuania by manually sorting. The parameters of RDF (moisture, net calorific value, ash content, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur, chlorine, metals) was determined using the EN standards. Comparing obtained results with data from literature, authors have found that the content of plastic is higher but paper and cardboard is lower than typical values. Results also show that the mean parameters for RDF can be classified with the class codes: Net heating value (3); chlorine (3); mercury (1), and responds to limits stated for 3rd class of solid recovered fuel. It is recommended to separate biological waste at source to lower moisture and ash content and increase heating value for potential fuel production from waste.

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Peculiarities of biogenic elements migration in case of complex utilization of bioorganic component of municipal solid waste

Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal ◽

10.31481/uhmj.28.2021.08 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 92-99

Author(s):

V. Yu. Prykhodko ◽

T. A. Safranov ◽

T. P. Shanina

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Biogenic Elements ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Complex Utilization ◽

Natural Cycles

Finding solutions to the problem of municipal solid waste management is impossible without involvement in the waste management system of the largest group of wastes – bioorganic waste, which form up to 60% of the municipal solid waste total mass. The aim of the article is to analyze the redistribution of biogenic elements subject to implementation of the Concept of solid municipal waste management by OSENU and subsequent utilization of bioorganic waste flow. Research methods include mass balance and equations of methane generation. The article presents the results of research on the biogenic elements migration in case of complex utilization of bioorganic component of municipal solid waste. The study shows that processing of easy-decomposed organic waste into a gaseous fermentation product and biomineral fertilizer allows full involvement of biogenic elements in natural cycles. The processed solid products present an additional source of organic matter and biogenic elements needed by soil. In the event of humus and nutrients shortage in soil the retrieved-from-waste fertilizer becomes an important secondary resource, containing up to 65% carbon and almost 100% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The rest of carbon is released with biogas and is eventually involved in natural cycles. Burial of such waste results in localization of biogenic elements in a landfill's body and gradual release of carbon with the products of destruction (27% over 50 years). All this data indicate the need for efficient use of such waste resource potential which is possible in case of easy-decomposed organic waste separation at the beginning of the municipal solid waste life cycle. Combustion releases only carbon in the form of carbon dioxide, the rest remains in ash. However, complex utilization of easy-decomposed organic waste ensures complete return of biogenic elements to the environment. Reuse of secondary raw materials in the form of paper and textile waste minimizes involvement in economic turnover of carbon from natural sources.

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Seasonal characterisation of municipal solid waste from Astana city, Kazakhstan: Composition and thermal properties of combustible fraction

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x19875503 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (12) ◽

pp. 1271-1281 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bexultan Abylkhani ◽

Berik Aiymbetov ◽

Almira Yagofarova ◽

Diyar Tokmurzin ◽

Christos Venetis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Winter Season ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Capital City ◽

Waste To Energy ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Waste Composition ◽

Different Seasons

This study presents the results of a seasonal municipal solid waste composition campaign, that took place over the period of September 2017 to June 2018 in the capital city of Kazakhstan, Astana. Four sampling campaigns were conducted in order to identify the seasonal variation of municipal solid waste composition, recyclables and energy potential materials, such as combustible fraction, useful for the evaluation of waste-to-energy potential. The combustible fraction was analysed for thermal fuel properties, such as proximate and elemental analyses and gross calorific value. The results over the four different seasons showed that the average recyclable fraction of municipal solid waste on a wet basis of 33.3 wt.% and combustibles fraction was 8.3 wt.%. The largest fraction was the organics (47.2 wt.%), followed by plastic (15.4 wt.%) and paper (12.5 wt.%). Small seasonal variations were observed for organics, paper, plastic and glass fractions. The highest values were found in summer for the organic waste, in spring for paper and plastic and autumn for glass. The recyclables fraction showed an absolute seasonal variation of 5.7% with a peak in the winter season (35.4%) and the combustibles fraction showed a seasonal variation between 8.3 wt.% to 9.4 wt.%. Finally, the average calorific value of the combustible fraction was estimated to be 21.6 MJ kg-1 on a dry basis.

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Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste Components and Refuse-Derived Fuel—Process Efficiency and Fuel Properties of Carbonized Solid Fuel

Data ◽

10.3390/data5020048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 48 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kacper Świechowski ◽

Ewa Syguła ◽

Jacek A. Koziel ◽

Paweł Stępień ◽

Szymon Kugler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Fuel ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Fuel Properties ◽

Process Efficiency ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Low Temperature Pyrolysis

New technologies to valorize refuse-derived fuels (RDFs) will be required in the near future due to emerging trends of (1) the cement industry’s demands for high-quality alternative fuels and (2) the decreasing calorific value of the fuels derived from municipal solid waste (MSW) and currently used in cement/incineration plants. Low-temperature pyrolysis can increase the calorific value of processed material, leading to the production of value-added carbonized solid fuel (CSF). This dataset summarizes the key properties of MSW-derived CSF. Pyrolysis experiments were completed using eight types of organic waste and their two RDF mixtures. Organic waste represented common morphological groups of MSW, i.e., cartons, fabrics, kitchen waste, paper, plastic, rubber, PAP/AL/PE composite packaging (multi-material packaging also known as Tetra Pak cartons), and wood. The pyrolysis was conducted at temperatures ranging from 300 to 500 °C (20 °C intervals), with a retention (process) time of 20 to 60 min (20 min intervals). The mass yield, energy densification ratio, and energy yield were determined to characterize the pyrolysis process efficiency. The raw materials and produced CSF were tested with proximate analyses (moisture content, organic matter content, ash content, and combustible part content) and with ultimate analyses (elemental composition C, H, N, S) and high heating value (HHV). Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of the pyrolysis process were performed. The dataset documents the changes in fuel properties of RDF resulting from low-temperature pyrolysis as a function of the pyrolysis conditions and feedstock type. The greatest HHV improvements were observed for fabrics (up to 65%), PAP/AL/PE composite packaging (up to 56%), and wood (up to 46%).

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Design of Integrated Treatment Process of Municipal Solid Waste in Shanghai

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2084 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 356-360 ◽

pp. 2084-2087

Author(s):

Guo Long Gao ◽

Min Hua He

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Production Systems ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Integrated Treatment ◽

Anaerobic Conditions ◽

Plastic Metal ◽

Shanghai City

Based on analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Shanghai city, a related integrated treatment process of MSW was studied. MSW was classified into organic, combustible, recyclable and other parts. The designed integrated treatment process includes mixed waste sorting, anaerobic digestion of the biodegradability organic waste, RDF production systems of combustible waste and deodorizing system. Organic MSW is digested under anaerobic conditions and produce biogas for power generation for electricity plant. The residue can be used to prepare organic and inorganic fertilizer; Combustible MSW has low water, high calorific value and can be prepared RDF; The recyclable trash (plastic, metal) are on sale. Other MSW is land filled. The designed integrated treatment process may provide a route to solve the problems of MSW in Shanghai.

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Characterization and Quantification of Municipal Solid Waste in Jeetpur Simara Sub- Metropolitan City, Nepal

Hydro Nepal Journal of Water Energy and Environment ◽

10.3126/hn.v22i0.18996 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 45-47

Author(s):

Yubraj Dahal ◽

Bikash Adhikari

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Household Waste ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Metropolitan City

Waste management, being one of the most important aspects of urban development, is gaining importance among developing nation like Nepal where rapid population growth, unmanaged urbanization, lack of public awareness and poor management by municipalities have intensified environmental problems in towns in Nepal. In Nepal only six municipalities i.e. Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Pokhara, Dhankuta, Tansen and Ghorahi practice sanitary landfill for waste management and other municipality practices open dumping which has become major cause of environmental and human health hazards (ADB, 2013).Jeetpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan City (JSSMC) is a recently formed sub-metropolitan city. This city has not performed any study on solid waste management till date and lacks data on quantity and composition of municipal solid waste generation that facilitates effective planning of municipal solid waste management. The household survey revealed an average per capita household waste generation rate of 120 g/capita/day. The total Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation is estimated about 15 tons/day and 5475 tons/year. The analysis of household waste composition indicated that the highest waste category was organic waste with 80% followed by plastics with 10%, paper and paper products with 6% and inert with 4%. The composition analysis of institutional wastes revealed 41% paper and paper products, 33% plastics, 13% organic wastes and 13% inert. The study found that commercial waste comprised 59% paper and paper products, 21% plastics, 17% organic and 3% inert. In aggregate, MSW is composed of 56% organic waste, 21% paper and paper products, 19% plastics, and 3% inert. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue No: 22Page: 45-47Uploaded date: January 14, 2018

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Comparison of biogas production obtained from samples of Mitú and Sibundoy municipal solid waste

Ingeniería e Investigación ◽

10.15446/ing.investig.v39n2.78597 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Kelly Marcela Triana Jiménez ◽

Mario Enrique Velasquez

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Biological Sludge ◽

Calorific Power

This study compares the calorific power of biogas obtained from the municipal solid waste (MSW)of two towns in Colombia,whose populations are affected by deficiencies in the supply of electricity. The production of biogas would represent an importantopportunity to meet these needs, taking advantage of the solid waste generated, in whose composition organic material predominates(45 %). For this purpose, MSW samples were taken from the municipalities of Mitú (Vaupés) and Sibundoy (Putumayo), in orderto establish their relevance to produce biogas. For each sample, the organic waste was characterized in terms of its macroscopiccomposition, moisture content, ash, volatile and total solids. Subsequently, the composition of biogas obtained was determinedfrom anaerobic digestion tests with biological sludge as inoculum in different proportions and the calorific value of the gas wascalculated. It was found that organic waste from both municipalities is suitable to produce biogas due to the physicochemicalcharacteristics of the samples, the high methane content generated and, therefore, the satisfactory calorific power for its use in theproduction of electrical energy.

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Organic Waste Buyback as a Viable Method to Enhance Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15112483 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 2483 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Hiroshan Hettiarachchi ◽

Jay Meegoda ◽

Sohyeon Ryu

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Developing Country ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Management Options

Many developing countries have inadequate Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management systems due to lack of not only the awareness, technologies, finances, but also a proper governance that is able to enforce and monitor the regulations. Not all the solutions practiced by and in developed countries fit to the developing country contexts. The local conditions and limitations must always be taken into account when proposing waste management options for developing countries. The excessively high organic waste fraction in MSW and relatively inexpensive labor markets available in developing countries are two of the strengths that have not yet been utilized fully. This manuscript is an attempt to point out the benefits we receive from the above two strengths if we establish organic waste buyback programs. This can only become successful if we find solutions to: (1) collect source-separated organic waste, and then (2) find stable markets for the products made from organic waste. Compost or biogas could be the best bet developing countries can consider as products. However, there must be some policy interventions to support buyback programs at the waste collection stage as well as at the product marketing stage. Implementation of such organic waste buyback centers that can offer some incentives can indirectly motivate residents to do source separation. This will in turn also help promote more recycling, as any waste bin that has no organics in it is much easier for anyone (e.g., waste pickers) to look for other recyclables. Developing country settings such as the Green Container composting program in Cajicá, Colombia, and buyback centers in South Africa that are presented later in the manuscript are thought to be the places where the concept can be implemented with little effort. The environment, economy, and society are considered to be the three dimensions (or pillars) of sustainability. Interestingly, the organic waste buyback centers solution has positive implications on all three aspects of sustainability. Thus, it also supports the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations (UN), by making specific contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as zero hunger (SDG 2), affordable and clean energy (SDG 7), climate action (SDG 13), clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), and sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11).

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