Boolean Logic

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-191
Author(s):  
Martin Frické
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Boolean Algebra ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Propositional Logic ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Boolean Logic ◽  
Database Queries ◽  
Electrical Switching ◽  
Set Operations ◽  
Set Membership

The article describes and explains Boolean logic (or Boolean algebra) in its two principal forms: that of truth-values and the Boolean connectives and, or, and not, and that of set membership and the set operations of intersection, union and complement. The main application areas of Boolean logic to know­ledge organization, namely post-coordinate indexing and search, are introduced and discussed. Some wider application areas are briefly mentioned, such as: propositional logic, the Shannon-style approach to electrical switching and logic gates, computer programming languages, probability theory, and database queries. An analysis is offered of shortcomings that Boolean logic has in terms of potential uses in know­ledge organization.

A Boolean Logic Approach to Issues of Vagueness, Heuristics, Subjectivity, and Data Mining

2017 ◽  
pp. 196-217
Author(s):  
Russell Jay Hendel
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Boolean Algebra ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Association Rules ◽  
Propositional Logic ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Boolean Logic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Logic Approach ◽  
Excluded Middle

This chapter introduces several modules that can be used to supplement an introductory logic course. The modules cover advanced topics such as rule heuristics, association rules, polythetic vs. monothetic grouping, and subsective adjectives. These topics are all approached using ordinary propositional logic, Boolean algebra with 0-1 variables. The topics are presented using a computational approach. The computations and concepts are elementary and accessible to an undergraduate without further prerequisites. The modules besides introducing advanced topics also facilitate discussion of other logic topics such as the law of the excluded middle, the concept of vagueness, and privative adjectives. This chapter presents new solutions to these problems. The chapter reviews the place of these modules within the context of introductory logic courses and the history of science. The supplementation of an introductory logic course with these modules is expected to strongly motivate students to pursue advanced topics and to increase interest in topics related to logic.

scholarly journals Digital logic gates in soft, conductive mechanical metamaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles El Helou ◽  
Philip R. Buskohl ◽  
Christopher E. Tabor ◽  
Ryan L. Harne
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Boolean Logic ◽  
Digital Logic ◽  
Mechanical Metamaterials ◽  
Logic Operations

AbstractIntegrated circuits utilize networked logic gates to compute Boolean logic operations that are the foundation of modern computation and electronics. With the emergence of flexible electronic materials and devices, an opportunity exists to formulate digital logic from compliant, conductive materials. Here, we introduce a general method of leveraging cellular, mechanical metamaterials composed of conductive polymers to realize all digital logic gates and gate assemblies. We establish a method for applying conductive polymer networks to metamaterial constituents and correlate mechanical buckling modes with network connectivity. With this foundation, each of the conventional logic gates is realized in an equivalent mechanical metamaterial, leading to soft, conductive matter that thinks about applied mechanical stress. These findings may advance the growing fields of soft robotics and smart mechanical matter, and may be leveraged across length scales and physics.

A Quantitative Approach for Reliability Evaluation of Safety I&C Systems in Nuclear Power Plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Dongxu ◽  
Xu Dongling ◽  
Zhang Shuhui ◽  
Hu Xiaoying
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Boolean Algebra ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Assessment Approach

The probability that the safety I&C system fails to actuate or advertently actuates RT or ESF functions, in part, essentially determines whether a nuclear power plant could operate safely and efficiently. Since more conservative assumptions and simplifications are introduced during the analysis, this paper achieves solid results by performing the modeling and calculation based on a relatively simple approach, the reliability block diagram (RBD) method. A typical safety I&C platform structure is involved in the model presented in this paper. From the perspective of conservation and simplicity, some assumptions are adopted in this paper. A group of formulas is derived in this paper based on Boolean algebra, probability theory, basic reliability concepts and equations, to facilitate the calculations of probabilities that the safety I&C system fails to actuate or advertently actuates RT or ESF functions. All the inputs of the analysis and calculation in this paper, which includes the I&C platform structure, the constitution of the hardware modules, and reliability data, are referenced to the nuclear power plant universal database where applicable. Although the conclusion drawn in the paper doesn’t apply to the I&C platform assessment for a specific plant, the method of modeling and process of analysis provides an illustration of an alternative quantitative reliability assessment approach for a typical safety I&C system installed in the nuclear power plant.

scholarly journals Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using the RevCAR Platform: A Programmable, Switchable and Combinatorial Strategy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4785
Author(s):  
Enrico Kittel-Boselli ◽  
Karla Elizabeth González Soto ◽  
Liliana Rodrigues Loureiro ◽  
Anja Hoffmann ◽  
Ralf Bergmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Boolean Logic ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Peptide Epitope ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Clinical translation of novel immunotherapeutic strategies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still at an early stage. Major challenges include immune escape and disease relapse demanding for further improvements in CAR design. To overcome such hurdles, we have invented the switchable, flexible and programmable adaptor Reverse (Rev) CAR platform. This consists of T-cells engineered with RevCARs that are primarily inactive as they express an extracellular short peptide epitope incapable of recognizing surface antigens. RevCAR T-cells can be redirected to tumor antigens and controlled by bispecific antibodies cross-linking RevCAR T- and tumor cells resulting in tumor lysis. Remarkably, the RevCAR platform enables combinatorial tumor targeting following Boolean logic gates. We herein show for the first time the applicability of the RevCAR platform to target myeloid malignancies like AML. Applying in vitro and in vivo models, we have proven that AML cell lines as well as patient-derived AML blasts were efficiently killed by redirected RevCAR T-cells targeting CD33 and CD123 in a flexible manner. Furthermore, by targeting both antigens, a Boolean AND gate logic targeting could be achieved using the RevCAR platform. These accomplishments pave the way towards an improved and personalized immunotherapy for AML patients.

scholarly journals Fluorogenic RNA Aptamers: A Nano-platform for Fabrication of Simple and Combinatorial Logic Gates

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Goldsworthy ◽  
Geneva LaForce ◽  
Seth Abels ◽  
Emil Khisamutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Free Ligand ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Boolean Logic ◽  
Rna Aptamers ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Rna Aptamer ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Half Adder

RNA aptamers that bind non-fluorescent dyes and activate their fluorescence are highly sensitive, nonperturbing, and convenient probes in the field of synthetic biology. These RNA molecules, referred to as light-up aptamers, operate as molecular nanoswitches that alter folding and fluorescence function in response to ligand binding, which is important in biosensing and molecular computing. Herein, we demonstrate a conceptually new generation of smart RNA nano-devices based on malachite green (MG)-binding RNA aptamer, which fluorescence output controlled by addition of short DNA oligonucleotides inputs. Four types of RNA switches possessing AND, OR, NAND, and NOR Boolean logic functions were created in modular form, allowing MG dye binding affinity to be changed by altering 3D conformation of the RNA aptamer. It is essential to develop higher-level logic circuits for the production of multi-task nanodevices for data processing, typically requiring combinatorial logic gates. Therefore, we further designed and synthetized higher-level half adder logic circuit by “in parallel” integration of two logic gates XOR and AND within a single RNA nanoparticle. The design utilizes fluorescence emissions from two different RNA aptamers: MG-binding RNA aptamer (AND gate) and Broccoli RNA aptamer that binds DFHBI dye (XOR gate). All computationally designed RNA devices were synthesized and experimentally tested in vitro. The ability to design smart nanodevices based on RNA binding aptamers offers a new route to engineer “label-free” ligand-sensing regulatory circuits, nucleic acid detection systems, and gene control elements.

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