scholarly journals An Overview of The Public Health Global Perspective on the Grand Challenges of Non-Communicable and Chronic Diseases Within the Framework for Developing new Drugs

10.5772/59070 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estella Tembe-Fokunang ◽  
Charles Fokunang ◽  
Zacharia Sando ◽  
Barbara Atogho Tiedeu ◽  
Frederick Kechia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Grand Challenges

scholarly journals THE PUBLIC HEALTH AS AFFECTED BY CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE HEART, KIDNEY AND ARTERIES

1915 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 705-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horace Greeley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals Health literacy and associated factors in patients with chronic diseases, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C F Tenani ◽  
M L R Sousa ◽  
M J Batista
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
The Public

Abstract Chronic diseases of the population have been a global challenge for public health. Considered a new field of study, health literacy (LS) is the ability to obtain and understand basic health information and services needed to make health decisions. Worse outcomes, such as less control of chronic diseases, have been associated with LS. Thus, the objective of the study was to investigate the association of LS, clinical and behavioral conditions in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) users of the public health service in Brazil. It was a cross-sectional study, conducted from July to December 2019, with 238 adult users of the public health service, in a random sample, from 10 basic health units, in Piracicaba-SP, Brazil. A questionnaire was applied to obtain socioeconomic, behavioral, and LS data (Suka et al, 2013). The outcome was LS (high, medium and low) and the independent variables: CNCDs (diabetes, systemic blood pressure), clinical conditions (pressure, tooth loss, pain, visible plaque and insertion loss), behaviors (brushing, use of dental floss), determinants (type and frequency of service use) and self-perception (oral health and quality of life) in health. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, and the Chi-Square test, based on a conceptual model adapted for LS (5% significance level). They had low levels of literacy 35.3% (n = 84), average 35.7% (n = 85), and high 29.0% (n = 69). Low LS levels were associated with older individuals, low education, less brushing and flossing, irregular use of dental services, edentulism, pain, loss of insertion, negative self-perception of oral health and quality of life, and better systolic blood pressure index. The results of this study show the association of LS with behavioral and clinical factors, showing an important role in the health-disease process in this population. LS should be considered in health promotion policies in future studies. Key messages Our study shows the importance of health literacy, and its association with health outcomes in individuals with chronic non-communicable diseases. Within the important global epidemiological panorama of chronic diseases, better understanding the role of LS is important, and it can collaborate with health promotion strategies for this population.

scholarly journals European diet and public health: The continuing challenge

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2a) ◽  
pp. 275-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ferro Luzzi ◽  
W P T James
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
World War ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Early Health ◽  
Improving Health Care

There has been a dramatic improvement in the health of European children and adults since 1900. These improvements were remarkable in the first half of the century, with a progressive fall in the death of children and pregnant women and substantial increases in life expectancy. This century's early health changes were not the result of the provision of medical services, the discovery of drugs and antibiotics, or even the increasing capacity to immunise children against an ever greater range of infectious diseases. They resulted from improvements in the diet, in the housing, occupational and social conditions of workers and their families. Since World War II, with modern living conditions, the general year-around availability of a huge variety of foods, expanding immunisation and improving health care through the health services, with modern therapeutic techniques and new drugs, life expectancy continues to increase in many European countries. These are great public health achievements which should not be overlooked by policy makers and indeed the public.

scholarly journals Hospitalizações por doenças crônicas em crianças menores de cinco anos no sistema público de saúde no Brasil e no Rio Grande do Sul/ Hospitalizations caused by chronic diseases among children under the age of five in the public health system in Brazil and in Rio Grande do Sul

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raíra Lopes Amaral Souza ◽  
Eliane Tatsch Neves ◽  
Daisy Cristina Rodrigues ◽  
Leonardo Bigolin Jantsch ◽  
Rivaldo Mauro de Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The Public

Objetivo: identificar as taxas de hospitalização por doenças crônicas em crianças menores de cinco anos de 2010 a 2015. Método: estudo ecológico de tendência de série temporal. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde e coletados entre janeiro e março de 2016. Após digitalização dos dados, foi realizada a análise descritiva, utilizando programa EpiInfo. Resultados: a frequência de hospitalizações por doenças crônicas em crianças menores de cinco anos vem se mantendo constante entre 10,8% a 11,2% no Brasil e 13,8% a 16,1% no Rio Grande do Sul. Identificou-se que os distúrbios respiratórios foram os mais prevalentes nos dois cenários, dando destaque à asma(como o motivo de internação mais prevalente. Considerações finais: apesar de as causas de internações apresentarem, de modo geral, uma tendência à estabilidade, dá-se ênfase à alta prevalência da agudização das condições crônicas na infância e à repercussão delas para a vida da criança  e sua família.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Chronic Diseases by Exposure to Nitrates from Environmental Factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Severin Beatrice ◽  
Damaschin Floarea ◽  
Ion Ileana ◽  
Adumitresi Cecilia ◽  
Oancea Victoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Public Health Department ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Made In

Abstract The study aims to analyze the health effects caused by chronic exposure to elevated levels of nitrates in the water in order to improve prevention of some diseases. We analyze water quality from two villages of Constanta County in the period 2006-2012 and we take data about chronic diseases from family doctors of these localities. Analyzes on water samples were made in the laboratory of the Public Health Department. We found a significant increase of prevalence for chronic diseases in locality exposed to nitrates.

scholarly journals PUBLIC HEALTH PROTECTION AS A PROFESSIONAL FUNCTION OF A PHARMACIST − ANALYSIS OF EXPECTATIONS AND PREFERENCES OF PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES CONSUMERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
I.A. Kirshcina ◽  
A.A. Karimova ◽  
A.V. Soloninina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Pharmaceutical Services ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Consumer Expectations ◽  
Public Health Protection

Implementation of state problems in the field of public health protection is impossible without the participation of phar- maceutical specialists, which requires a comprehensive assessment of existing practices in the field of health and social work from the consumers’ view. The purpose of the research is to study the expectations, preferences and consumers satisfaction with the level of participation of pharmacists in maintaining and improving the public health. Materials and methods. The assessment of consumer expectations and preferences was based on the analysis of the survey results using standard methods of statistical analysis (two-sample student test, nonparametric Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of p<0.05, Friedman’s rank analysis of variance) in the software products Statistica 10 and Microsoft Excel. Results. Analysis of consumer expectations and their satisfaction regarding the participation of pharmacists in public health has allowed to define the portrait of the most competent and at the same time demanding visitor pharmacies. It’s a woman 36-50 years old with higher education that has got children up to 18 years and/or older relatives (friends), and/or with chronic diseases and receiving multiple medications on a regular basis. With increasing age, the number of chronic diseases and, consequently, the number of necessary medications, consumer expectations are also increase. The public reaction to the participation of pharmacists in public health protection is mostly positive, however the pharmaceutical specialist is more widely perceived in society as an expert on medicines, rather than on healthcare in general. For all consumers of pharmaceutical services, the most significant characteristic is the level of pharmacists’ professional compe- tence. Regular consumers of pharmacy services express a higher willingness to follow the pharmacists’ recommendations to pre- serve and promote health (such as healthy diet, physical activity, solving problems associated with quitting smoking). At the same time, consumers without any health problems are less motivated to receive health-saving recommendations from a pharmacist. Conclusion: The modern society is aware of the significant role of pharmacists in the implementation of health-saving technologies, although the range of their professional tasks rarely goes further than the sphere of medicines supply. This fact requires the phar- macy manager to focus on monitoring the compliance of specialists ‘ competencies with consumer expectations. The greatest interest in receiving health-saving recommendations from pharmacists is shown by older patients having chronic dis- eases and taking medicines on a regular basis, while the involvement of other categories of pharmacy’s visitors in preventive con- sultations remains low. This circumstance indicates the potential for strengthening the preventive component of pharmaceutical counseling, which will allow visitors to form a deeper understanding of pharmacists as full participants in the healthcare system.

Withholding Information on Unapproved Drug Marketing Applications: The Public Has a Right to Know

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (S2) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Sammy Almashat ◽  
Michael Carome
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Right To Know ◽  
Drug Marketing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Withholding Information ◽  
Gaining Insight

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as a matter of long-standing policy, does not inform the public of instances whereby applications for new drugs or new indications for existing drugs have been rejected by the agency or withdrawn from consideration, nor does it disclose the agency’s analyses of the data submitted with such applications. This lack of transparency is unjustified and prevents patients, researchers, and healthcare providers from gaining insight into why a drug’s application was not approved. The FDA’s policy is particularly troubling in cases where the agency has found a currently marketed drug to be ineffective or unsafe for a newly proposed indication. Disclosure of the FDA’s findings in such cases would promote public health by encouraging healthcare providers to avoid prescribing drugs for unapproved (off-label) uses that the agency has deemed to be potentially dangerous or ineffective. The FDA’s counterpart agencies in Europe and Canada have demonstrated the feasibility of disclosing information on rejected and withdrawn drug marketing applications. The FDA should follow suit and allow the American public to know when a drug is deemed unsafe or ineffective for a certain use.

Addressing the public health concern of childhood pneumonia: Global perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
SaurabhRamBihariLal Shrivastava ◽  
PrateekSaurabh Shrivastava ◽  
Jegadeesh Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Childhood Pneumonia ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals 14.G. Workshop: Teaching ethics in public health and medicine – International experiences, concepts, challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Public Health Ethics ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Public Health Workforce ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Ethics

Abstract To conduct good public health practice and research, ethical standards and reflection are essential. Therefore, ethics education rightly plays an increasing role in the training of the public health workforce. The organizers of this workshop all have the theme of ethics education for the public health profession as a priority in their activities. In this workshop, we present recent research findings, lessons learned and challenges in a European and global perspective. The aim of this workshop is to present and discuss these to help public health organizations and institutions of higher education to improving their public health ethics education. The added value of this workshop is to engage - personally - during the conference in Rome with senior public health professionals and researchers and to continue the dialogue on this important issue - a key mission of the EUPHA Ethics in Public Health section. Four presentations in different formats are planned, a mixture of “Research Abstract” and “Training and Education Abstracts” and presentations respectively are foreseen. The first presentation gives an assessment of how ethics is (or is not) taught in schools of public health and to the public health workforce in Europe. It shows, for the first time, the results of two surveys, among EUPHA and ASPHER members on ethics education. The second presentation gives examples of a university in Barcelona (Spain) on innovative teaching methods at master level and thus gives impulses on how education can be integrated and improved in public health education. The third presentation reflects on the competencies in public health ethics that are aimed at with innovative and traditional teaching methods. Finally, a presentation from Nigeria contrasts educational experiences of low- and middle-income countries with high income countries and shows challenges and collaborative solutions to improved ethics education in the health field. This perspective is especially suitable to be integrated in this workshop given the global character of this year's “World Conference on Public Health”. Mutual learning and support within Europe and globally is key to develop and promote the field of public health ethics education further. A fifth timeslot for a presentation would be possible in this workshop but is not filled on purpose to have sufficient time for a structured debate on challenges and opportunities with the audience and speakers. Key messages Public Health Ethics education remains key for professional education; more awareness of ethical competences has to be raised. The diversity of experienced ethics trainings offers a challenging but also promising context to develop and integrate better ethics education.

scholarly journals Current review on COVID-19 pandemic: a global perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1159
Author(s):  
Hyma Sara Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current Review ◽  
New Type

COVID-19 is a serious infectious disease caused by the novel corona virus, SARS-CoV2, threatening the public health with high transmission rate of infection causing more deaths across the globe in elderly population, immunocompromised individuals and in patients with comorbid conditions. At this point of uncertainty, understanding the pandemic challenges is most essential. As very few literature are becoming available in detailing the different perspectives of the disease, this paper presents the readers with current clinical spectrum of infection like details on epidemiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, diagnostic criteria, treatments and preventive measures of this new type of coronavirus.

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