Meninges Outside the Meninges: Ectopic Meningiomas and Meningothlelial Proliferations

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.5772/intechopen.100206 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

John A. Ozolek

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Parotid Gland ◽

Nasal Cavity ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Paranasal Sinuses ◽

Clinicopathological Features ◽

Anatomical Region ◽

The Central Nervous System

Extracranial meningiomas have been reported for decades now and have been described in the head and neck; calvarial, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, parotid gland and in various remote anatomical locations systemically. The presence of microanatomical structures for all intents and purposes resembling and having the histopathological characteristics of meninges outside of the central nervous system meninges is uncommon but well-documented. Typically, these lesions are found in the lung or part of hamartomatous/choristomatous lesions and frequently occur in the head and neck anatomical region. The lesion first described by Suster and Rosai termed \"hamartoma of the scalp with ectopic meningothelial elements\" is the prototypical example of lesions with meningothelial elements. We have described recently a similar hamartomatous lesion with meningothelial elements occurring in the tongue. In this chapter, we will review the clinicopathological features of ectopic meningiomas and lesions that contain meningothelial elements and their possible pathogenesis.

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Polichemotherapy of Advanced Head and Neck Malignancies

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/030089167606200603 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 599-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Massimo Fazio ◽

Pietro Cavallero ◽

Ezio Minetto ◽

Pier Giorgio Rattalino ◽

Silvio Sartoris

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Nervous System ◽

Side Effects ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Advanced Head ◽

Head And Neck Malignancies ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Previously Treated ◽

Total Remission

The favorable results obtained by other authors with polichemotherapy encouraged us to employ therapeutic scheme using a combination of 4 drugs. Treatment envolved the administration of 300 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide, 350 mg/m2 5-fluorouracil, 10 mg/m2 methotrexate i.v. on alternate days 6–8 times, and 15 mg bleomycin on alternate days until a total dose of 150–200 mg is reached. Thirty-five out of 37 patients treated with this protocol (30 previously treated and 5 not) qualified for analysis; the site of the neoplasm, mostly squamous cell carcinoma, was different; for the most part it was in the larynx (18/35) and the oral cavity (10/35). Complete remission was achieved in 9/35 patients (25.7%), varying from 5 to 33 months (median 22); partial remission was achieved in 15/35 cases (42.8%), varying from 1 to 14 months (median 3); and there was no success in 11/35 cases (31.5%). Overall, a total remission > 50 % was observed in 24/35 patients (68.5 %). The most serious side effects both ascribed to BLM were observed in the central nervous system (increasing drowsiness and coma) and the lung. This study has shown that in the ultra head and neck malignancies medical treatment can achieve satisfactory results.

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The Route by Which Intranasally Delivered Stem Cells Enter the Central Nervous System

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.1177/0963689718754561 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 501-514 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Carlos Galeano ◽

Zhifang Qiu ◽

Anuja Mishra ◽

Steven L. Farnsworth ◽

Jacob J. Hemmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Nasal Cavity ◽

Olfactory Epithelium ◽

Cribriform Plate ◽

Intranasal Delivery ◽

Immunodeficient Mice ◽

Stem Cell Delivery ◽

The Central Nervous System

Intranasal administration is a promising route of delivery of stem cells to the central nervous system (CNS). Reports on this mode of stem cell delivery have not yet focused on the route across the cribriform plate by which cells move from the nasal cavity into the CNS. In the current experiments, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from Wharton’s jelly of umbilical cords and were labeled with extremely bright quantum dots (QDs) in order to track the cells efficiently. At 2 h after intranasal delivery in immunodeficient mice, the labeled cells were found under the olfactory epithelium, crossing the cribriform plate adjacent to the fila olfactoria, and associated with the meninges of the olfactory bulb. At all times, the cells were separate from actual nerve tracts; this location is consistent with them being in the subarachnoid space (SAS) and its extensions through the cribriform plate into the nasal mucosa. In their location under the olfactory epithelium, they appear to be within an expansion of a potential space adjacent to the turbinate bone periosteum. Therefore, intranasally administered stem cells appear to cross the olfactory epithelium, enter a space adjacent to the periosteum of the turbinate bones, and then enter the SAS via its extensions adjacent to the fila olfactoria as they cross the cribriform plate. These observations should enhance understanding of the mode by which stem cells can reach the CNS from the nasal cavity and may guide future experiments on making intranasal delivery of stem cells efficient and reproducible.

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