Endometriosis in Mare; What the Mare Can Teach Us When Dealing with Endometriosis in the Woman

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.5772/intechopen.100515 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

David A. Trundell

Keyword(s):

Medical Condition ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Economic Strain ◽

Disease Complex

Endometriosis is a serious, often irreversible disease of the mare. Often associated with endometritis, this chapter will review our current understanding of pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis and possible treatments. Endometriosis is a disease complex typically seen in our older mare population. It is important that we understand that although the same term is used to describe a condition in our human patients, it is, however, not the same medical condition as seen in our equine patients. As this disease profile is irreversible with limited treatment options, it causes significant economic strain in our broodmare population.

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Tinnitus: Our Current Understanding

European Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.24018/clinicmed.2021.2.3.26 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Kamlesh Kumar Dubey

Keyword(s):

Treatment Options ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Trigger Factors ◽

Pathophysiological Mechanisms

Tinnitus is still very much a mystery with despite all the advances in science. Many theories and hypothesis proposed to explain the origin but still it is poorly understood. Still most common acceptation associated with tinnitus is that it is a type of phantom phenomenon. This article aimed to review tinnitus and our current understanding on definition, types, probable pathophysiological mechanisms, associated trigger factors and current available treatment options.

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Neurogenic Claudication: a Review of Current Understanding and Treatment Options

Current Pain and Headache Reports ◽

10.1007/s11916-019-0769-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shadi Messiah ◽

Antony R. Tharian ◽

Kenneth D. Candido ◽

Nebojsa Nick Knezevic

Keyword(s):

Treatment Options ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Neurogenic Claudication

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How I treat the acquired von Willebrand syndrome

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2010-11-297580 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 117 (25) ◽

pp. 6777-6785 ◽

Cited By ~ 174

Author(s):

Andreas Tiede ◽

Jacob H. Rand ◽

Ulrich Budde ◽

Arnold Ganser ◽

Augusto B. Federici

Keyword(s):

Factor Viia ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Von Willebrand Disease ◽

Acquired Von Willebrand Syndrome ◽

Functional Interference ◽

Typical Treatment ◽

Evidence Based Guidelines ◽

Von Willebrand ◽

Willebrand Factor

Abstract The acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is a bleeding disorder that is frequently unrecognized or is misdiagnosed as von Willebrand disease. AVWS is characterized by structural or functional defects of von Willebrand factor (VWF) that are secondary to autoimmune, lymphoproliferative or myeloproliferative, malignant, cardiovascular, or other disorders. VWF abnormalities in these disorders can result from (1) antibody-mediated clearance or functional interference, (2) adsorption to surfaces of transformed cells or platelets, or (3) increased shear stress and subsequent proteolysis. Diagnosis can be challenging as no single test is usually sufficient to prove or exclude AVWS. Furthermore, there are no evidence-based guidelines for management. Treatments of the underlying medical condition, including chemo/radiotherapy, surgery, or immunosuppressants can result in remission of AVWS, but is not always feasible and successful. Because of the heterogeneous mechanisms of AVWS, more than one therapeutic approach is often required to treat acute bleeds and for prophylaxis during invasive procedures; the treatment options include, but are not limited to, desmopressin, VWF-containing concentrates, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis or recombinant factor VIIa. Here, we review the management of AVWS with an overview on the currently available evidence and additional considerations for typical treatment situations.

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Novel rapid-acting antidepressants: molecular and cellular signaling mechanisms

Neuronal Signaling ◽

10.1042/ns20170010 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alexandra M. Thomas ◽

Ronald S. Duman

Keyword(s):

Nmda Receptor ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Neural Circuits ◽

Cellular Signaling ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Time Lag ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Signaling Mechanisms ◽

Research Techniques ◽

The Brain

Depression is a chronic, debilitating, and common illness. Currently available pharmacotherapies can be helpful but have several major drawbacks, including substantial rates of low or no response and a long therapeutic time lag. In pursuit of better treatment options, recent research has focussed on rapid-acting antidepressants, including the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine, which affects a range of signaling pathways in ways that are distinct from the mechanisms of typical antidepressants. Because ketamine and similar drugs hold the promise of dramatically improving treatment options for depressed patients, there has been considerable interest in developing new ways to understand how these compounds affect the brain. Here, we review the current understanding of how rapid-acting antidepressants function, including their effects on neuronal signaling pathways and neural circuits, and the research techniques being used to address these questions.

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Update on Clinical Options for the Management of Allergic Rhinitis

Clinical Medicine Insights Therapeutics ◽

10.4137/cmt.s6375 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. CMT.S6375

Author(s):

Mohsen Nasir ◽

J. Andrew Grant

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Chronic Medical Condition ◽

Effective Treatment Option ◽

Economic Productivity ◽

First Line Therapy ◽

Avoidance Measures ◽

And Control

Allergic rhinitis is a common, chronic medical condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Uncontrolled disease has been associated with impairments in quality of life and decreased economic productivity. Proper identification and control of relevant co-morbid conditions is essential for optimal rhinitis control. Management of allergic rhinitis includes identification of relevant allergens, education on avoidance measures, medications and immunotherapy. First-line therapy includes the use on an intranasal steroid. Other treatment options include oral or intranasal antihistamines, decongestants, leukotriene receptor antagonists, mast cell stabilizers or anticholinergic agents. Immunotherapy is an effective treatment option for refractory disease.

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Management of Vaginal Atrophy: Implications from the REVIVE Survey

Clinical Medicine Insights Reproductive Health ◽

10.4137/cmrh.s14498 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. CMRH.S14498 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Susan Wysocki ◽

Sheryl Kingsberg ◽

Michael Krychman

Keyword(s):

Unmet Needs ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Treatment Preferences ◽

Vaginal Atrophy ◽

Vaginal Symptoms ◽

Poor Understanding ◽

Women’S Views

Vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) is a chronic and progressive medical condition common in postmenopausal women. Symptoms of VVA such as dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, irritation, and itching can negatively impact sexual function and quality of life. The REVIVE (REal Women's Views of Treatment Options for Menopausal Vaginal ChangEs) survey assessed knowledge about VVA and recorded attitudes about interactions with healthcare providers (HCPs) and available treatment options for VVA. The REVIVE survey identified unmet needs of women with VVA symptoms such as poor understanding of the condition, poor communication with HCPs despite the presence of vaginal symptoms, and concerns about the safety, convenience, and efficacy of available VVA treatments. HCPs can address these unmet needs by proactively identifying patients with VVA and educating them about the condition as well as discussing treatment preferences and available therapies for VVA.

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Brown adipose tissue – A future treatment for obesity?

Morecambe Bay Medical Journal ◽

10.48037/mbmj.v8i3.46 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 75-79

Author(s):

Natasha Povey ◽

Dr Fiona Curtis

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Health Concern ◽

Future Research ◽

Future Treatment ◽

Brown Adipose

Obesity is a major public health concern: in the United Kingdom (UK) over two thirds of the population are obese or overweight, the prevalence of obesity is growing exponentially, and current treatment options have limited success – making the need for novel therapies vital. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has the ability to safely dissipate chemical energy as heat and in 2009 was found to be active in human adults, leading to hope that its therapeutic manipulation could contribute to weight loss. This review discusses methods proposed for BAT activation and potential pitfalls in our current understanding to evaluate if BAT can be used as a future treatment for obesity. To date, ơ3-adrenergic receptor (ơ3-AR) agonists and cold activation have been shown to be the most promising options to activate BAT. However, cold activation requires a high degree of patient cooperation and ơ3-AR agonists appear non-effective long-term. Nonetheless, ơ3-AR agonists are likely to be a more realistic treatment than cold activation, making our next challenge to understandand mitigate the mechanisms that inhibit BAT activation in long-term ơ3-AR agonist administration. Our assumptions about BAT activation are predominately from rodent studies and based on measurements from [18F]-fl uorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)-positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, both with their respective limitations. BAT has offered huge insight into weight homeostasis, with the potential of offering prospective therapeutics for obesity and beyond. Nevertheless, before we can truly understand the real possibilities of BAT we need to further our current understanding of the physiological controls of BAT, potentially leading to more suitable therapies. The focus for future research should be to improve and standardise the methodology used to measure BAT activation, enabling larger clinical trials and better comparisons.

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Diabetic Macular Edema: Current Understanding, Pharmacologic Treatment Options, and Developing Therapie

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.22608/apo.2017529 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Keyword(s):

Macular Edema ◽

Diabetic Macular Edema ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Pharmacologic Treatment

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Chronic Hyperkalemia in Cardiorenal Patients: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and New Treatment Options

Cardiorenal Medicine ◽

10.1159/000493395 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 8-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Luca Di Lullo ◽

Claudio Ronco ◽

Antonio Granata ◽

Ernesto Paoletti ◽

Vincenzo Barbera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

New Treatment ◽

Poor Outcomes ◽

Careful Management

Chronic hyperkalemia (HK) is a serious medical condition that often manifests in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF) leading to poor outcomes and necessitating careful management by cardionephrologists. CKD, HF, diabetes, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors use is known to induce HK. Current therapeutic options are not optimal, as pointed out by a large number of CKD and HF patients with HK. The following review will focus on the main risk factors for developing HK and also aims to provide a guide for a correct diagnosis and present new approaches to therapy.

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