scholarly journals Management of Abnormal Visual Developments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longqian Liu ◽  
Xiaohang Chen ◽  
Pengfan Chen ◽  
Yifan Wu ◽  
Jianglan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
External World ◽  
Visual Development ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Good Visual Acuity ◽  
Abnormal Visual

When human beings recognize the external world, more than 80% of the information come from visual function and visual system. Normal visual development and normal binocularity are the fundamental of good visual acuity and visual functions. Any abnormal visual experience would cause abnormality, such as refractive error, strabismus, amblyopia and other diseases. The patients with abnormal visual developments were reported to have abnormal, lonely, and other psycho problems. In this chapter, we will describe the normal developmental of visual function, summarize the abnormal developments and the correction or treatment.

Information Processing in Visual System - Optical Illusion and Visual Mechanism

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-574
Author(s):  
Masanori Idesawa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
External World ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Optical Illusion ◽  
Optical Illusions ◽  
Visual Mechanism ◽  
Human Visual Mechanism

Human beings obtain big amount of information from the external world through their visual system. Automated system such as robot must provide the visual functions for their flexible operations in 3-D circumstances. In order to realize the visual function artificially, we would be better to learn from the human visual mechanism. Optical illusions would be a pure reflection of the human visual mechanism; they can be used for investigating human visual mechanism. New types of optical illusion with binocular viewing are introduced and investigated.

SYSTEM FOR MEASURING RODENTS' VISUAL FUNCTION: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Perez-Vidal ◽  
Alejandro Garcia ◽  
Nicolas Garcia-Aracil ◽  
Jose M. Sabater ◽  
Eduardo Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Visual Development ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Function Design

The aim of the work presented in this paper is the design, manufacturing and assembling of a system able to measure rodents' (mice and rats) visual function and to study the evolution of degenerative retina diseases. Measurement of contrast sensitivity and visual acuity is essential to design new drugs and understand mechanisms of visual development to evaluate treatments' effectiveness. Classical methods to study visual perception of animals such as electroretinogram (ERG) or histological analysis are not supplying enough information because connection between eyes and brain is not considered. The system proposed in this work consists of four screens forming a cube with black methacrylate plastic floor and roof. Screens display visual stimulus and the rodent's behaviour (placed over a platform in the middle of the cube) is analized to determine its visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. These visual stimuli are generated from a FPGA board designed in this project. This board has a USB link with a computer and it controls screens via VGA signals. Rodents' behaviour is analized using computer vision algorithms under OpenCV libraries. To test the system, more than 30 mice (C57 and RD10 type) have been used to validate the hardware, the software, the procedure and protocol.

scholarly journals Multiple Roles for Nogo Receptor 1 in Visual System Plasticity

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céleste-Élise Stephany ◽  
Michael G. Frantz ◽  
Aaron W. McGee
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Mouse Genetics ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Visual Plasticity ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Abnormal Visual

During the developmental critical period for visual plasticity, discordant vision alters the responsiveness of neurons in visual cortex. The subsequent closure of the critical period not only consolidates neural function but also limits recovery of acuity from preceding abnormal visual experience. Despite species-specific differences in circuitry of the visual system, these characteristics are conserved. The nogo-66 receptor 1 ( ngr1) is one of only a small number of genes identified thus far that is essential to closing the critical period. Mice lacking a functional ngr1 gene retain developmental visual plasticity as adults and their visual acuity spontaneously improves after prolonged visual deprivation. Experiments employing conditional mouse genetics have revealed that ngr1 restricts plasticity within distinct circuits for ocular dominance and visual acuity. However, the mechanisms by which NgR1 limits plasticity have not been elucidated, in part because the subcellular localization and signal transduction of the protein are only partially understood. Here we explore potential mechanisms for NgR1 function in relation to manipulations that reactivate visual plasticity in adults and propose lines of investigation to address relevant gaps in knowledge.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension and visual function in North Indian population

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110065
Author(s):  
Obaidur Rehman ◽  
Parul Ichhpujani ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Richa Saroa ◽  
Nishit Sawal
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
North India ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Rnfl Thickness

Background: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder with varied presentation, visual morbidity being the most important one. Literature is sparse as regards the effects of IIH on the visual system in Asians. Objective: Assessment of visual morbidity and change with treatment in IIH patients in North India through a prospective interventional study. Materials and methods: Sixty eyes of newly diagnosed IIH patients were evaluated for functional and structural tests of visual system. Lumbar puncture was performed to establish IIH diagnosis and received oral Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor thereafter. Change in visual function was studied from baseline to 6-month follow-up visit. Results: Mean age of participants at presentation was 33.27 ± 10.68 years and majority were females (73.3%). Seventy percent eyes ( n = 42) had visual acuity 20/20 at presentation. Average Pelli Robson contrast sensitivity (CS) improved from 1.86 ± 0.34 to 2.11 ± 0.24 (Friedman Test: X2 = 59.2, p ⩽ 0.001) while number of eyes with detectable visual field deficits reduced from 70% to 43.7%. Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness reduced from 176.27 to 114.97 µ (Friedman Test: X2 = 69.3, p ⩽ 0.001). Conclusions: The socio-demographic profile in our study showed higher male incidence than noted in previous studies. Visual function deficits were present in patients, even in those with 20/20 visual acuity. Significant improvement was seen after lumbar puncture and initiation of medical treatment. CS and RNFL thickness showed significant improvement even after 1 month of treatment and can be used for monitoring IIH patients.

scholarly journals The use of OCT in good visual acuity MOGAD and AQP4-NMOSD patients; with and without optic neuritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 205521732110664
Author(s):  
A Roca-Fernández ◽  
V Camera ◽  
G Loncarevic-Whitaker ◽  
S Messina ◽  
R Mariano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Good Visual Acuity ◽  
Aquaporin 4 Antibody ◽  
Good Vision ◽  
Better Than

Myelin oligodendrocyte-antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) often presents with severe optic neuritis (ON) but tends to recover better than in aquaporin-4 antibody neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD). We measured OCT and VEP in MOGAD and AQP4-NMOSD eyes with good visual function, with or without previous ON episodes. Surprisingly, OCT and/or VEPs were abnormal in 84% MOGAD-ON versus 38% AQP4-NMOSD-ON eyes (p = 0.009) with good vision, compared with 18% and 17% respectively of eyes with no previous ON. A sub-group with macular OCT performed as part of a research study confirmed both retinal and macular defects in visually-recovered MOGAD eyes. These findings have implications for investigation and management of MOGAD patients.

Nonorganic Vision Loss

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Thurtell ◽  
Robert L. Tomsak
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Permanent Damage ◽  
Visual Field Constriction

Nonorganic vision loss is common but can be challenging to diagnose and treat. In this chapter, we begin by reviewing the clinical features that suggest nonorganic vision loss. We next describe the maneuvers that can be used to demonstrate intact visual function in the patient who reports decreased visual acuity in one or both eyes. We then describe strategies to evaluate the patient who has visual field constriction. We describe the features that help to distinguish organic visual field constriction from nonorganic visual field constriction. Lastly, we discuss the management approach, which includes reassuring the patient that there is no evidence of permanent damage to the visual system and a good prognosis for spontaneous recovery.

Pengaruh derajat kelainan refraksi dan penggunaan kacamata koreksi terhadap ketajaman stereopsis pada anak

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Dian Hidayati ◽  
Noor Syamsu ◽  
Marliyanti N Akib
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Kendall’S Tau ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kendall's Tau ◽  
Good Visual Acuity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Introduction : The stereoacuity depends on the binocular cooperation of both eyes and the good visual acuity of each eye. The relationship between stereoacuity and visual acuity is stereoacuity will decrease if the visual acuity decreases. Method : This study is a cross-sectional analytic study, conducted in elementary schools in Makassar for 3 months. There were 261 children who met the inclusion criteria consisting of 124 men (47.5%) and 137 women (52.5%). The degrees of refractive error were divided into mild, moderate, and severe degrees. Measurement of stereoacuity using Titmus Stereotest before and after the use of corrective glasses. Result : The results showed a significant correlation between the degree of refractive abnormality with stereoacuity before corrective glasses based on Kendall’s tau b = 0.313 (p <0.001), whereas the more severe of the degrees of the refractive error, the worse the stereoacuity . There is a significant correlation between the degrees of refractive error and stereoacuity after corrective glasses based on Kendall’s tau b = 0.235 (p <0.001), whereas the more severe of the degrees of the refractive error, the worse stereoacuity. There were significant differences in stereoacuity to the degrees of refractive error before and after the use of corrective glasses based on McNemar statistical test (p <0.001). Conclusion : The more severe of the degrees of the refractive error, the worse the stereoacuity. Stereoacuity after the use of corrective glasses is better than before the use of corrective glasses.

scholarly journals Sensory Eye Dominance in Treated Anisometropic Amblyopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Chen ◽  
Jiafeng Wang ◽  
Hongmei Shi ◽  
Xiaoxiao Wang ◽  
Lixia Feng
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Visual Development ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Normal Visual Acuity ◽  
Eye Dominance ◽  
Phase Combination ◽  
Sensory Eye Dominance

Amblyopia results from inadequate visual experience during the critical period of visual development. Abnormal binocular interactions are believed to play a critical role in amblyopia. These binocular deficits can often be resolved, owing to the residual visual plasticity in amblyopes. In this study, we quantitatively measured the sensory eye dominance in treated anisometropic amblyopes to determine whether they had fully recovered. Fourteen treated anisometropic amblyopes with normal or corrected to normal visual acuity participated, and their sensory eye dominance was assessed by using a binocular phase combination paradigm. We found that the two eyes were unequal in binocular combination in most (11 out of 14) of our treated anisometropic amblyopes, but none of the controls. We concluded that the treated anisometropic amblyopes, even those with a normal range of visual acuity, exhibited abnormal binocular processing. Our results thus suggest that there is potential for improvement in treated anisometropic amblyopes that may further enhance their binocular visual functioning.

scholarly journals The Importance of the Interaction Between Ocular Motor Function and Vision During Human Infancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-221
Author(s):  
T. Rowan Candy
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Abnormal Visual

Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of imposed abnormal visual experience on the postnatal development of the visual system. These studies have provided fundamental insights into the mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity and its role in clinical care. However, the ocular motor responses of postnatal human infants largely define their visual experience in dynamic three-dimensional environments. Thus, the immature visual system needs to control its own visual experience. This review explores the interaction between the developing motor and sensory/perceptual visual systems, together with its importance in both typical development and the development of forms of strabismus and amblyopia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document