scholarly journals Multipoint-Interconnected Quantum Communication Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingcheng Zhu ◽  
Yazi Wang ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
Yongli Zhao ◽  
Xiaosong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Quantum Teleportation ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Classical Communication ◽  
Promising Solution

As quantum computers with sufficient computational power are becoming mature, the security of classical communication and cryptography may compromise, which is based on the mathematical complexity. Quantum communication technology is a promising solution to secure communication based on quantum mechanics. To meet the secure communication requirements of multiple users, multipoint-interconnected quantum communication networks are specified, including quantum key distribution networks and quantum teleportation networks. The enabling technologies for quantum communication are the important bases for multipoint-interconnected quantum communication networks. To achieve the better connection, resource utilization, and resilience of multipoint-interconnected quantum communication networks, the efficient network architecture and optimization methods are summarized, and open issues in quantum communication networks are discussed.

Superdense Coding and Quantum Teleportation

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Kaye ◽  
Raymond Laflamme ◽  
Michele Mosca
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Teleportation ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Communication Protocols ◽  
Bell State ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Classical Communication ◽  
Superdense Coding ◽  
Communication Task ◽  
Epr Pair

We are now ready to look at our first protocols for quantum information. In this section, we examine two communication protocols which can be implemented using the tools we have developed in the preceding sections. These protocols are known as superdense coding and quantum teleportation. Both are inherently quantum: there are no classical protocols which behave in the same way. Both involve two parties who wish to perform some communication task between them. In descriptions of such communication protocols (especially in cryptography), it is very common to name the two parties ‘Alice’ and ‘Bob’, for convenience. We will follow this tradition. We will repeatedly refer to communication channels. A quantum communication channel refers to a communication line (e.g. a fiberoptic cable), which can carry qubits between two remote locations. A classical communication channel is one which can carry classical bits (but not qubits).1 The protocols (like many in quantum communication) require that Alice and Bob initially share an entangled pair of qubits in the Bell state The above Bell state is sometimes referred to as an EPR pair. Such a state would have to be created ahead of time, when the qubits are in a lab together and can be made to interact in a way which will give rise to the entanglement between them. After the state is created, Alice and Bob each take one of the two qubits away with them. Alternatively, a third party could create the EPR pair and give one particle to Alice and the other to Bob. If they are careful not to let them interact with the environment, or any other quantum system, Alice and Bob’s joint state will remain entangled. This entanglement becomes a resource which Alice and Bob can use to achieve protocols such as the following. Suppose Alice wishes to send Bob two classical bits of information. Superdense coding is a way of achieving this task over a quantum channel, requiring only that Alice send one qubit to Bob. Alice and Bob must initially share the Bell state Suppose Alice is in possession of the first qubit and Bob the second qubit.

scholarly journals Optimal teleportation via noisy quantum channels without additional qubit resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Gil Im ◽  
Chung-Hyun Lee ◽  
Yosep Kim ◽  
Hyunchul Nha ◽  
M. S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Quantum Teleportation ◽  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Quantum Network ◽  
Quantum Channels ◽  
Maximally Entangled State ◽  
Near Term

AbstractQuantum teleportation exemplifies how the transmission of quantum information starkly differs from that of classical information and serves as a key protocol for quantum communication and quantum computing. While an ideal teleportation protocol requires noiseless quantum channels to share a pure maximally entangled state, the reality is that shared entanglement is often severely degraded due to various decoherence mechanisms. Although the quantum noise induced by the decoherence is indeed a major obstacle to realizing a near-term quantum network or processor with a limited number of qubits, the methodologies considered thus far to address this issue are resource-intensive. Here, we demonstrate a protocol that allows optimal quantum teleportation via noisy quantum channels without additional qubit resources. By analyzing teleportation in the framework of generalized quantum measurement, we optimize the teleportation protocol for noisy quantum channels. In particular, we experimentally demonstrate that our protocol enables to teleport an unknown qubit even via a single copy of an entangled state under strong decoherence that would otherwise preclude any quantum operation. Our work provides a useful methodology for practically coping with decoherence with a limited number of qubits and paves the way for realizing noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing and quantum communication.

Quantum Communication Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Bassoli ◽  
Holger Boche ◽  
Christian Deppe ◽  
Roberto Ferrara ◽  
Frank H. P. Fitzek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Quantum Communication

scholarly journals Deterministic quantum teleportation through fiber channels

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. eaas9401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiru Huo ◽  
Jiliang Qin ◽  
Jialin Cheng ◽  
Zhihui Yan ◽  
Zhongzhong Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Quantum State ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Quantum Teleportation ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Optical Modes ◽  
Unknown Quantum State ◽  
Einstein Podolsky Rosen ◽  
Fiber Channels

Quantum teleportation, which is the transfer of an unknown quantum state from one station to another over a certain distance with the help of nonlocal entanglement shared by a sender and a receiver, has been widely used as a fundamental element in quantum communication and quantum computation. Optical fibers are crucial information channels, but teleportation of continuous variable optical modes through fibers has not been realized so far. Here, we experimentally demonstrate deterministic quantum teleportation of an optical coherent state through fiber channels. Two sub-modes of an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state are distributed to a sender and a receiver through a 3.0-km fiber, which acts as a quantum resource. The deterministic teleportation of optical modes over a fiber channel of 6.0 km is realized. A fidelity of 0.62 ± 0.03 is achieved for the retrieved quantum state, which breaks through the classical limit of1/2. Our work provides a feasible scheme to implement deterministic quantum teleportation in communication networks.

scholarly journals Sixth Generation (6G) Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) Application, Requirements, Security Issues, and Key Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muzamil Aslam ◽  
Liping Du ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Yueyun Chen ◽  
Zahoor Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Channel Coding ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
And Performance

Recently, 5G installation has been started globally. Different capabilities are in the consistent procedure, like ultrareliability, mass connectivity, and specific low latency. Though, 5G is insufficient to meet all the necessities of the future technology in 2030 and so on. Next generation information and communication technology is playing an important role in attraction of researchers, industries, and technical people. With respect to 5G networks, sixth-generation (6G) CR networks are anticipated to familiarize innovative use cases and performance metrics, such as to offer worldwide coverage, cost efficiency, enhanced spectral, energy improved intelligence, and safety. To reach such requirements, upcoming 6G CRNs will trust novel empowering technologies. Innovative network architecture and transmission technologies and air interface are of excessive position, like multiple accesses, waveform design, multiantenna technologies, and channel coding schemes. (1) To content, the condition should be of worldwide coverage, there will be no limit on 6G to global CR communication networks that may require to be completed with broadcast networks, like satellite communication networks, therefore, attaining a sea integrated communication network. (2) The spectrums overall will be entirely travelled to the supplementary rise connection density data rates in optical frequency bands, millimeter wave (mmWave), sub-6 GHz, and terahertz (THz). (3) To see big datasets created because of tremendously varied CR communication networks, antenna rush, diverse communication scenarios, new provision necessities, wide bandwidth, and 6G CRNs will allow an innovative variety of intelligent applications with the assistance of big data and AI technologies. (4) Need to improve network security when deploying 6G technology in CR networks. 6G is decentralized, intended, intelligent innovative, and distributed network. In this article, we studied a survey of current developments and upcoming trends. We studied the predicted applications, possible technologies, and security issues for 6G CR network communication. We also discussed predicted future key challenges in 6G.

scholarly journals Quantum networks based on cavity QED

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (Special) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
H. Mabuchi ◽  
M. Armen ◽  
B. Lev ◽  
M. Loncar ◽  
J. Vuckovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Quantum State ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Cavity Qed ◽  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Trapped Atoms ◽  
Quantum Networks ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Optical Photons ◽  
Photonic Bandgap Structures

We review an ongoing program of interdisciplinary research aimed at developing hardware and protocols for quantum communication networks. Our primary experimental goals are to demonstrate quantum state mapping from storage/processing media (internal states of trapped atoms) to transmission media (optical photons), and to investigate a nanotechnology paradigm for cavity QED that would involve the integration of magnetic microtraps with photonic bandgap structures.

scholarly journals Online Optimization for Networked Distributed Energy Resources with Time-Coupling Constraints

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Fan ◽  
guangyu he ◽  
Xinyang Zhou ◽  
Mingjian Cui
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Lyapunov Optimization ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Coupling Constraints ◽  
Online Implementation ◽  
Algorithmic Framework ◽  
Utility Loss

This paper proposes a Lyapunov optimization-based <a><b> </b></a>online distributed (LOOD) algorithmic framework for active distribution networks with numerous photovoltaic inverters and invert air conditionings (IACs). In the proposed scheme, ADNs can track an active power setpoint reference at the substation in response to transmission-level requests while concurrently minimizing the utility loss and ensuring the security of voltages. In contrast to conventional distributed optimization methods that employ the setpoints for controllable devices only when the algorithm converges, the proposed LOOD can carry out the setpoints immediately relying on the current measurements and operation conditions. Notably, the time-coupling constraints of IACs are decoupled for online implementation with Lyapunov optimization technique. An incentive scheme is tailored to coordinate the customer-owned assets in lieu of the direct control from network operators. Optimality and convergency are characterized analytically. Finally, we corroborate the proposed method on a modified version of 33-node test feeder. <div><br></div>

Teleportation affected by fluctuating electromagnetic field with a boundary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Huang ◽  
Zhenbang Rong ◽  
Yiyong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Quantum System ◽  
Quantum Teleportation ◽  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Open Quantum System ◽  
Plane Boundary ◽  
Atomic Polarization ◽  
Electromagnetic Fluctuation ◽  
Insight Into

We study the quantum teleportation under fluctuating electromagnetic field in the presence of a perfectly reflecting boundary. The noisy scheme of quantum teleportation affected by electromagnetic fluctuation is proposed. Then we calculate and investigate the behaviors of entanglement and fidelity, which are closely related to the plane boundary and atomic polarization. After a period of evolution, entanglement and fidelity evolve to zero and nonzero stable value respectively. Fidelity is closely related to the weight parameter and phase parameter of the teleported state. Besides, small two-atom separation makes entanglement and fidelity have better enhancement. Furthermore, the presence of boundary, atomic polarization and two-atom separation offers us more freedom to adjust the performance of the quantum teleportation. The results would give us new insight into quantum communication in an open quantum system since quantum teleportation plays an important role in quantum communication and quantum information.

Quantum blockchain system

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150343
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jun Wen ◽  
Yong-Zhi Chen ◽  
Xin-Can Fan ◽  
Zheng-Zhong Yi ◽  
Zoe L. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Teleportation ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Quantum Secure Communication ◽  
Complexity Problem ◽  
Application Prospects

Blockchain technology represented by Bitcoin and Ethereum has been deeply developed and widely used due to its broad application prospects such as digital currency and IoT. However, the security of the existing blockchain technologies built on the classical cryptography depends on the computational complexity problem. With the enhancement of the attackers’ computing power, especially the upcoming quantum computers, this kind of security is seriously threatened. Based on quantum hash, quantum SWAP test and quantum teleportation, a quantum blockchain system is proposed with quantum secure communication. In classical cryptographic theory sense, the security of this system is unconditional since it has nothing to do with the attackers’ computing power and computing resources.

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