scholarly journals Colorimetry in Nuclear Fusion Research

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Motojima
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Vacuum Vessel ◽  
Fusion Plasma ◽  
Fusion Research ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Fuel Particles

Colorimetry is a unique technique among research fields. The technique is also utilized in nuclear fusion research. The motivation is to evaluate the wide range of distribution of the deposition layer on the surface of the vacuum vessel. The deposition layer affects the control of fuel particles. Therefore, the result from colorimetry can contribute to the study of particle control in fusion plasma. In a particle control study, global particle balance analysis is usually conducted. Also, long-term samples irradiated by plasma have been analyzed. Colorimetry has the role of a bridge between these analyses. In this chapter, a demonstration of colorimetry in fusion devices is introduced.

Correlation between magnesium and potassium contents in muscle: role of Na(+)-K+ pump

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (2) ◽  
pp. C457-C463 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Dorup ◽  
T. Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
86Rb Influx

In young rats fed a Mg(2+)-deficient diet for 3 wk, Mg2+ and K+ contents in soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles were significantly reduced and closely correlated. In isolated soleus muscles, Mg2+ depletion induced an even more pronounced loss of K+, and Mg2+ and K+ contents were correlated over a wide range (r = 0.95, P < 0.001). Extracellular Mg2+ (0-1.2 mM) caused no change in total or ouabain-suppressible 86Rb influx. After long-term incubation in Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-free buffer with EDTA and EGTA, cellular Mg2+ and K+ contents were reduced by 35 and 15%, respectively, without any reduction in ATP and total or ouabain-suppressible 86Rb influx. In Mg(2+)-depleted muscles 42K efflux was increased by up to 42%, and repletion with Mg2+ produced a graded decrease. We conclude that Mg2+ and K+ contents are closely correlated in muscles Mg2+ depleted in vivo or in vitro and that neither extracellular nor moderate intracellular Mg2+ depletion affects total or Na(+)-K+ pump-mediated K+ influx. The reduced K+ content may rather be related to increased K+ efflux from the muscles.

scholarly journals Effects of leptin administration on long-term selected fat mice

1997 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUTZ BÜNGER ◽  
WILLIAM G. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Matter Content ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

To assess the role of genetic changes in sensitivity to leptin hormone in contributing to responses to long-term selection for fatness, leptin was administered to a long-term fat selected (F) and a control line (C) of mice. These lines differ almost three fold in their percentage of fat (fat%) at about 15 weeks of age. Treated (T) animals received twice-daily intraperitoneal injections of 5 mg/kg leptin from 91 to 105 days of age; untreated (U) animals received equivolume injections of phosphate-buffered saline. Treated compared with untreated animals in both lines had significantly (P<0·05) lower mean body weight, food intake and fatness at the end of test (fat%: CT 3%, CU 7·4%, FT 14·9%, FU21·1%). The differences in response between the lines [(CT−CU)−(FT−FU)] were all non-significant (P>0·05), however. There was a very wide range of fatness (estimated from dry matter content) among FT animals (3–29%), much higher than in FU (15–31%), CT (0·7–6·4%) and CU (2–15%) animals. While sensitivity to leptin remains in the fat line, response appears to vary among animals at the dose level used.

scholarly journals Novel Astroviruses in Insectivorous Bats

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (18) ◽  
pp. 9107-9114 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. W. Chu ◽  
L. L. M. Poon ◽  
Y. Guan ◽  
J. S. M. Peiris
Keyword(s):  
Virus Detection ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Insectivorous Bats ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Human Astroviruses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Apparently Healthy

ABSTRACT Bats are increasingly recognized to harbor a wide range of viruses, and in most instances these viruses appear to establish long-term persistence in these animals. They are the reservoir of a number of human zoonotic diseases including Nipah, Ebola, and severe acute respiratory syndrome. We report the identification of novel groups of astroviruses in apparently healthy insectivorous bats found in Hong Kong, in particular, bats belonging to the genera Miniopterus and Myotis. Astroviruses are important causes of diarrhea in many animal species, including humans. Many of the bat astroviruses form distinct phylogenetic clusters in the genus Mamastrovirus within the family Astroviridae. Virus detection rates of 36% to 100% and 50% to 70% were found in Miniopterus magnater and Miniopterus pusillus bats, respectively, captured within a single bat habitat during four consecutive visits spanning 1 year. There was high genetic diversity of viruses in bats found within this single habitat. Some bat astroviruses may be phylogenetically related to human astroviruses, and further studies with a wider range of bat species in different geographic locations are warranted. These findings are likely to provide new insights into the ecology and evolution of astroviruses and reinforce the role of bats as a reservoir of viruses with potential to pose a zoonotic threat to human health.

scholarly journals The role of oxidative stress, inflammation and acetaminophen exposure from birth to early childhood in the induction of autism

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Parker ◽  
Chi Dang Hornik ◽  
Staci Bilbo ◽  
Zoie E. Holzknecht ◽  
Lauren Gentry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The wide range of factors associated with the induction of autism is invariably linked with either inflammation or oxidative stress, and sometimes both. The use of acetaminophen in babies and young children may be much more strongly associated with autism than its use during pregnancy, perhaps because of well-known deficiencies in the metabolic breakdown of pharmaceuticals during early development. Thus, one explanation for the increased prevalence of autism is that increased exposure to acetaminophen, exacerbated by inflammation and oxidative stress, is neurotoxic in babies and small children. This view mandates extreme urgency in probing the long-term effects of acetaminophen use in babies and the possibility that many cases of infantile autism may actually be induced by acetaminophen exposure shortly after birth.

scholarly journals RPR revisited (2): Long-term farmer experience helps define the role of RPR in grazed pastures

2012 ◽  
pp. 269-275
Author(s):  
M. Zaman ◽  
B.F. Quin
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Reactive Phosphate ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Phosphorus Runoff ◽  
Commercial Introduction

The commercial introduction of reactive phosphate rock (RPR) to the New Zealand market in 1987 was the subject of much dispute regarding its efficacy, and the differing interpretations of field trial results. Twenty-five years on, it was considered time to seek the views of farmers who are long-term users of RPR, across a wide range of geographic, soil type, fertility, climate and farming operations. The fact that the farmers interviewed have all been farming successfully with RPR for many years enables conditions suitable for RPR use to be identified more clearly compared to earlier advice. This progress is discussed in the context of utilising the proven reduced phosphorus (P) run-off with RPR to reduce P eutrophication in P-sensitive catchments. Key words: Reactive phosphate rock, RPR, superphosphate, SSP, long-term use, phosphorus runoff, eutrophication, water quality, recommendations

Climate Oscillations from Mountain Uplift and Erosion are Damped by Bioactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Höning
Keyword(s):  
Plate Boundaries ◽  
Climate Oscillations ◽  
Biosphere 2 ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
1D Model ◽  
Uplift And Erosion ◽  
Steep Slopes

&lt;p&gt;Earth&amp;#8217;s long-term carbonate-silicate cycle is continuously perturbed by processes of mountain building and erosion. Mountain uplift near convergent plate boundaries causes steep slopes, which in turn imply high rates of continental erosion. Erosion rates ultimately affect the weatherability and thereby the regulation of Earth&amp;#8217;s climate. Using a simple 1D-model that includes the outlines processes, I investigate the resulting climate oscillations over timescales from thousands to millions of years. With a simple model of the long-term carbon cycle that includes biological enhancement of weathering and marine biogenic calcite precipitation, I study the role of Earth&amp;#8217;s biosphere in damping these oscillations [1]. I show that both mechanisms play a role: Biological enhancement of weathering damps oscillations mainly on timescales &gt; 1 Ma and marine calcification mainly on shorter timescales. Altogether, the results indicate that Earth&amp;#8217;s biosphere contributes to a stable climate over a wide range of timescales.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the context of anthropogenic emissions, a dramatic elevation in the atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and related temperature is known to damage Earth&amp;#8217;s biosphere [2] and may even trigger runaway processes [3]. The results presented here indicate that a damaged biosphere may furthermore cause the Earth system to react more sensitive to oscillations from geological forcing and may also affect climate recovery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[1] H&amp;#246;ning 2020, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 21(9), e2020GC009105&lt;br&gt;[2] Sully et al. 2019, Nat. Comm. 10, 1264&lt;br&gt;[3] Lenton 2013, Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 38, 1-29&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Occurrence of Graphite-Like Carbon in Podiform Chromitites of Greece and Its Genetic Significance

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Economou-Eliopoulos ◽  
George Tsoupas ◽  
Vasilis Skounakis
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Recycling ◽  
Podiform Chromitites ◽  
Of Greece

The role of post-magmatic processes in the composition of chromitites hosted in ophiolite complexes, the origin of super-reduced phases, and factors controlling the carbon recycling in a supra-subduction zone environment are still unclear. The present contribution compiles the first scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive (SEM/EDS) data on graphite-like amorphous carbon, with geochemical and mineral chemistry data, from chromitites of the Skyros, Othrys, Pindos, and Veria ophiolites (Greece). The aim of this study was the delineation of potential relationships between the modified composition of chromite and the role of redox conditions, during the long-term evolution of chromitites in a supra-subduction zone environment. Chromitites are characterized by a strong brittle (cataclastic) texture and the presence of phases indicative of super-reducing phases, such as Fe–Ni–Cr-alloys, awaruite (Ni3Fe), and heazlewoodite (Ni3S2). Carbon-bearing assemblages are better revealed on Au-coated unpolished sections. Graphite occurs in association with hydrous silicates (chlorite, serpentine) and Fe2+-chromite, as inclusions in chromite, filling cracks within chromite, or as nodule-like graphite aggregates. X-ray spectra of graphite–silicate aggregates showed the presence of C, Si, Mg, Al, O in variable proportions, and occasionally K and Ca. The extremely low fO2 during serpentinization facilitated the occurrence of methane in microfractures of chromitites, the precipitation of super-reducing phases (metal alloys, awaruite, heazlewoodite), and graphite. In addition, although the origin of Fe–Cu–Ni-sulfides in ultramafic parts of ophiolite complexes is still unclear, in the case of the Othrys chromitites, potential reduction-induced sulfide and/or carbon saturation may drive formation of sulfide ores and graphite-bearing chromitites. The presented data on chromitites covering a wide range in platinum-group element (PGE) content, from less than 100 ppb in the Othrys to 25 ppm ΣPGE in the Veria ores, showed similarity in the abundance of graphite-like carbon. The lack of any relationship between graphite (and probably methane) and the PGE content may be related to the occurrence of the (Ru–Os–Ir) minerals in chromitites, which occur mostly as oxides/hydroxides, and to lesser amounts of laurite, with pure Ru instead activating the stable CO2 molecule and reducing it to methane (experimental data from literature).

scholarly journals Factor XIII Subunit A in the Skin: Applications in Diagnosis and Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilla Paragh ◽  
Daniel Törőcsik
Keyword(s):  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Subunit A ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Dermal Cell ◽  
Wide Range

The role of factor XIII subunit A (FXIII-A) is not restricted to hemostasis. FXIII-A is also present intracellularly in several human cells and serves as a diagnostic marker in a wide range of dermatological diseases from inflammatory conditions to malignancies. In this review, we provide a guide on the still controversial interpretation of dermal cell types expressing FXIII-A and assess the previously described mechanisms behind their accumulation under physiological and pathological conditions of the human skin. We summarize the intracellular functions of FXIII-A as well as its possible sources in the extracellular space of the dermis with a focus on its relevance to skin homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Finally, the potential role of FXIII-A in wound healing, as a field with long-term therapeutic implications, is also discussed.

scholarly journals Perceptions Related to Nursing and Nursing Staff in Long-Term Care Settings during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: Using Social Networking Service

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7398
Author(s):  
Juhhyun Shin ◽  
Sunok Jung ◽  
Hyeonyoung Park ◽  
Yaena Lee ◽  
Yukyeong Son
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Social Networking Service ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Role Of Nursing

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate what opinions and perceptions people have about nursing and the role of nursing staff in nursing homes (NHs) on Social Networking Service (SNS) by analyzing large-scale data through social big-data analysis. Methods: This study investigated changes in perception related to nursing and nursing staff in NHs during the COVID-19 pandemic era using target channels (blogs, cafes, Instagram, communities, Twitter, etc.). Data were collected on the channel from 12 September 2019 to 11 September 2020, 6 months before and after 12 March 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic was declared. Selected keywords included “nursing,” “nurse,” and “nursing staff,” and included words were “long-term care settings,” “geriatric hospital,” and “nursing home.” Text mining, opinion mining, and social network analysis were conducted. Results: After the COVID-19 pandemic, the frequency of keywords increased about 1.5 times compared to before. In March 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, the negative phrase “be infected” ranked number one, resulting in a sharp 8% rise in the percentage of negative words in that month. The related words that have risen in rank significantly, or were newly ranked in the Top 30 after the pandemic, were related with COVID-19. Conclusion: The public began to realize the role of nursing staff in the prevention and management of mass infection in NHs and the importance of nursing staff after the pandemic. Further studies should examine the perceptions of those who have received nursing services and include a wide range of foreign channels.

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