scholarly journals Apoptosis as the Major Cause of Embryonic Mortality in Cattle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Moreira da Silva ◽  
Loide Isabel Valadão ◽  
Fernando Moreira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Mortality

Investigation of chromosome abnormalities and early embryonic mortality in goose lines

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Liptói ◽  
A. Hidas ◽  
R. Rouvier
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Abnormalities ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Early Embryonic Mortality

scholarly journals On the mod resc Model and the Evolution of Wolbachia Compatibility Types

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 1415-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Charlat ◽  
Claire Calmet ◽  
Hervé Merçot
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Zygote Development ◽  
Specific Manner

Abstract Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is induced by the endocellular bacterium Wolbachia. It results in an embryonic mortality occurring when infected males mate with uninfected females. The mechanism involved is currently unknown, but the mod resc model allows interpretation of all observations made so far. It postulates the existence of two bacterial functions: modification (mod) and rescue (resc). The mod function acts in the males' germline, before Wolbachia are shed from maturing sperm. If sperm is affected by mod, zygote development will fail unless resc is expressed in the egg. Interestingly, CI is also observed in crosses between infected males and infected females when the two partners bear different Wolbachia strains, demonstrating that mod and resc interact in a specific manner: Two Wolbachia strains are compatible with each other only if they harbor the same compatibility type. Here we focus on the evolutionary process involved in the emergence of new compatibility types from ancestral ones. We argue that new compatibility types are likely to evolve under a wider range of conditions than previously thought, through a two-step process. First, new mod variants can arise by mutation and spread by drift. This is possible because mod is expressed in males and Wolbachia is transmitted by females. Second, once such a mod variant achieves a certain frequency, it can create the conditions for the deterministic invasion of a new resc variant, allowing the invasion of a new mod resc pair. Furthermore, we show that a stable polymorphism might be maintained in natural populations, allowing the long-term existence of “suicidal” Wolbachia strains.

scholarly journals Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows Estimated by Nonreturns to Service, Estrus, and Cyclic Milk Progesterone Patterns

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1773-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.L. Kummerfeld ◽  
E.A.B. Oltenacu ◽  
R.H. Foote
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Embryonic Mortality

Studies of the inheritance of bovine serum transferrins

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. E. Gall ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Genetic Mechanism ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Cattle Herds

SUMMARY1. The transferrins in two cattle herds were studied by means of starch gel electrophoresis. Three phenotypes were observed in a Hereford herd and six in a Hybrid herd comprised of Galloway, Aberdeen Angus and Charolais breeds.2. Gene frequencies were calculated for each herd. Great variation was found in the frequency of the transferrin alleles between breed and source within the Hybrid herd and between the Hybrid and Hereford herds. The frequencies of the transferrin alleles found in the cows in the Hereford herd were TfA = 0·467 and TfD = 0·533; those found in the cows in the Hybrid herd were TfA = 0·382, TfD = 0·506 and TfE = 0·112.3. Progeny data were in general agreement with the three-allele theory of inheritance, although the data suggested that offspring in the Hybrid herd carrying the TfE allele occurred at a lower frequency than expected.4. The possible relation of transferrin type to embryonic mortality was studied. The results were in general agreement with those of other workers, indicating a possible interaction between the genotypes of the foetus and dam.5. The characteristics of the transferrin types and the postulated three-allele genetic mechanism for the control of the observed variation are discussed.

Teratogenesis in Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in an Experimentally Acidified Lake

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2355-2358 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Lake Acidification ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Acid Lake ◽  
Untreated Water

Embryonic mortality and morbidity were seen in an indigenous population of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) inhabiting a lake experimentally acidified over a period of 3 yr to a mean summer epilimnion pH of 5.84. The pH of the hypolimnetic zone where trout spend the summer and undergo gametogenesis was 6.2. Although fertilization appeared to be successful, 59% of eggs incubated in the acidified lake had died or failed to gastrulate by 15 d, and 60% of the surviving embryos displayed gross anatomical malformations. Prior to hatching only 6% of the eggs contained embryos and all were anomalous. In a control lake, 92.9% of eggs contained normal embryos prior to hatching. Both the volume and dry weight of eggs of fish inhabiting the acidified lake were significantly less than eggs from the control lake. When gametogenesis and fertilization occurred in the acid lake but embryogenesis occurred in untreated water in the laboratory, there was a 50% reduction in the viability of eggs of one fish by day 31, compared to controls.Key words: lake acidification, teratogenesis, lake trout

The fibroblast growth factor 2 gene is associated with embryonic mortality in cattle1

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 2063-2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Khatib ◽  
C. Maltecca ◽  
R. L. Monson ◽  
V. Schutzkus ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth

Detection of Early Pregnancy in Caribou: Evidence for Embryonic Mortality

1998 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don E. Russell ◽  
Karen L. Gerhart ◽  
Robert G. White ◽  
Debbie Van De Wetering
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Embryonic Mortality

scholarly journals Effect of injection of GnRH analogue at the onset of oestrus on LH and FSH release and embryonic mortality in gilts

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
J. Van Der Meulen ◽  
F.A. Helmond ◽  
C.P.J. Oudenaarden ◽  
T. Van Der Lende ◽  
G.T. Kronnie
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Gnrh Analogue ◽  
The Difference

In the 1st of 2 experiments, 5 gilts were injected with saline at the onset of standing oestrus (control oestrus), and at the next cycle the same gilts were injected with 100 mu g GnRH analogue. The LH and FSH peaks in the GnRH-treated oestrus were not significantly different from those in the control oestrus, but both peaks were sharper in the GnRH-treated oestrus. In the 2nd experiment, 49 gilts were injected with 100 mu g GnRH at the onset of standing oestrus or were not treated (controls), and slaughtered on day 4, 11, 13 or 35 of pregnancy. For animals slaughtered on day 4, 11 or 13, compared with controls, treated animals had significantly more corpora lutea (16.3+or-2.3 vs. 14.8+or-1.5) and embryos (15.0+or-3.0 vs. 12.1+or-3.4). Embryonic mortality on day 35 was 24.7% in the treated group vs. 11.3% in controls. The av. number of corpora lutea for gilts slaughtered on all 4 days was greater in treated gilts than in controls (16.4+or-2.3 vs. 14.3+or-3.3), but the difference was not significant. A similar trend was observed for number of embryos (15.4+or-2.0 vs. 13.0+or-3.3).

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