scholarly journals The Role of Public Spaces in Small Municipality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Moravcová ◽  
Jiri Pecenka ◽  
Denisa Pekna ◽  
Vendula Moravcova ◽  
Nikola Novakova
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical Type ◽  
Over Time

Public spaces are a subspace of municipality space: they are its physical type, closely linked to permanent settlements, especially to cities. There are both social communication and movement of people, things and goods. These are classic, usually architecturally designed spaces between buildings: squares, agora, streets and parks. Public spaces in small municipalities have been crucial to the functioning of the community, their social, historically, and also economic life. In various types of rural municipalities, the function and formation of public spaces have changed over the course of history, often in relation to the geographical location of the municipality in terms of location or local conditions and customs. Nowadays, the tourist attraction of the place is also an important driving element in the form of public spaces. This chapter should show how public spaces have changed over time using examples of different types of municipalities and show examples of good and somewhat worse care for them.

Dropshipping as an Opportunity to Develop ERP-Integrated Small Business

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Hlebarov ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Erp Systems ◽  
Erp System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Over Time

This article mainly aims to introduce the term ‘dropshipping’ to the reader by answering several basic questions related to it: What do we mean by dropshipping in general?; What is its essence?; What is its origin and how has it evolved over time?; What might be its role in different types of business organizations and what is its relation to the ERP systems of these organizations? In this respect, the report introduces the essence and the role of dropshipping in today’s business reality in a structured and summarized way. It shows how irreplaceable it has become for enterpreneurs and businesses worldwide over time. It also identifies the stages of this sales and distribution model’s evolution, and states the reasons that have led thereto. A sample demonstration is made, explaining the working methodology of dropshipping. At the end of the paper, the topic is discussed from two different points of view, showing how dropshipping integratres with the ERP systems and how this may affect the performance of entrepreneurs’ companies and initiatives. Furthermore, a dropshipping system is compared to an ERP system designed to manage trading companies.

scholarly journals Introducing POSVAR: A dataset on refugee-related violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Gineste ◽  
Burcu Savun
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
Optimal Policies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Societal Violence ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cross National

While scholars have for some time debated the role of refugee flows in the international spread of conflict, most evidence has been indirect due to the scarcity of systematic data on refugee-related violence. The Political and Societal Violence By And Against Refugees (POSVAR) dataset addresses this lacuna by providing cross-national, time-series data on refugees’ involvement in acts of physical violence in their host state, either as the victims or the perpetrators of violence, individually or collectively, in all countries between 1996 and 2015. In this article, we provide an overview of the main features of the dataset, identify its limitations, and trace variation in reported levels of refugee-related violence over time and across different types of actors. We emphasize that the data may be helpful to both researchers and policymakers for more accurate understanding of the prevalence of refugee-related violence and the design of more optimal policies to mitigate it.

Innovation drivers in Ecuadorian manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-539
Author(s):  
María Engracia Rochina-Barrachina ◽  
Jorge Antonio Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Innovation Strategies ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study which are the drivers of different types of innovations for manufacturing firms. The considered innovation types are product, process, organizational and marketing innovations. In addition, this study also aims to understand why most types of innovation (with the exception of organizational innovation) have decreased over time. Design/methodology/approach The two non-overlapping waves of the Ecuadorian National Innovation Activities Survey 2013 and 2015 (NIAS) are used. To identify the determinants of the different types of innovations and to check whether the decisions to innovate are correlated, a tetravariate probit model is used. Findings The results obtained point to some relevant differences in terms of the drivers of the different types of innovation. In addition, it is also evident that with the passage of time, certain problems that may be reducing the incentives to innovate have become more acute. Originality/value The study adds new empirical evidence to the literature on the role of investments in incorporated technology in innovation in developing countries. In particular, for Ecuadorian firms, the acquisition of incorporated technology in capital goods seems to be very relevant. This highlights the existence of a supply-driven innovation strategy. However, there is also room for innovation strategies driven by demand conditions.

The Role of Encoding Strategy in the Memory for Expectation-Violating Concepts

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 305-321
Author(s):  
Michaela Porubanova
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Automatic Processing ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Shallow Condition ◽  
Encoding Strategy ◽  
Domain Level ◽  
Over Time

AbstractMinimal counterintuitiveness and its automatic processing has been suggested as the explanation of persistence and transmission of cultural ideas. This purported automatic processing remains relatively unexplored. We manipulated encoding strategy to assess the persistence of memory for different types of expectation violation. Participants viewed concepts including two types of expectation violation (schema-level or domain-level) or no violation under three different encoding conditions: in the shallow condition participants focused on the perceptual attributes of the concepts, a deep condition probed their semantic meaning, and intentional remembering condition. Participants’ recall was tested immediately as well as 2 weeks later. Our findings showed the greatest memory enhancement for schema-level violations regardless of the encoding condition, while the memory for domain-level violations improved over time. These results suggest two distinct memory patterns for different types of violations, and illustrate the importance of elaborative processes in memory consolidation especially for violations to our expectations.

Geotechnical Guidelines for the Assessment and Design of Mitigation Measurements for Operating Oil Pipelines

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Rene Alvarez ◽  
Angela Tatiana Torres ◽  
Camilo Marulanda Escobar ◽  
Jaime Hernan Aristizabal
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Geotechnical Assessment ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Over Time

The Colombian petroleum pipelines go through different types of geomorphologies and geological settings; so that the pipeline system is exposed to a variety of processes such as landslides, erosion, scour, sedimentation, and karstification. In order to prevent some of the effects caused by these processes, geotechnical remedial works have been designed and implemented over time. However, in some cases the remedial actions have not exhibited a proper behavior. For this reason, a better understanding of local conditions is required in order to conceive more effective solutions. This paper provides an overview of a methodological framework for geotechnical assessment and design of mitigation measures based on the evaluation of geological and geomorphological aspects, computational tools, and data processing. Finally, the characteristics of an existing and unsuccessful mitigation civil work are described, and a brief summary of the relevant geotechnical aspects of the proposed design are presented.

Egg Viability as a Determinant of Clutch Size in Birds: A Basic Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Koo Lee ◽  
Steven L. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Egg Limitation

Many hypotheses address the determinants of clutch size in birds. One of the more recent is the egg viability hypothesis, which holds that a drop in egg viability with days left unincubated acts to limit clutch size, especially in tropical birds. We provide a basic theoretical analysis of this hypothesis in the form of a simulation model that considers different types of reproductive mortality and the role of multiple breeding attempts per season. We consider both biologically plausible and implausible scenarios to illustrate key points. In its simplest form, assuming a limit to seasonal egg production and the absence of predation on parent or nest, a drop in egg viability favours the allocation of eggs into the smallest clutches that allow eggs to be laid over multiple nesting attempts. This allocation maximises overall egg viability (or minimises egg mortality). Drops in egg viability also lead to smaller clutches when no egg limitation is assumed, as long as multiple nesting attempts are possible. A drop in egg viability alone does not favour small clutches when only a single nesting attempt is possible. The possibility of nest predation renders clutch sizes sensitive to egg viability decreases over time, and generally acts to limit clutch sizes still further. However, steep drops in the viability of unincubated eggs can render clutch size insensitive to changes in the risk of predation to parent or nest. Similarly, a high risk of nest predation renders clutch size insensitive to changes in egg viability.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of the Workplace in Experiences of Commuter Stress: A Mixed-Method Study from Sofia, Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Anna Plyushteva
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Spatial Constraints ◽  
The Public ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
The Social

Several studies have argued that the effects of commuter stress spill into other domains of everyday life, including the workplace. However, the entanglements between commuter stress and the workplace are complex and multidirectional. Commuter stresses both shapes and is shaped by managerial policies, workplace social relations, and the negotiations of working schedules. The present paper explores these interconnections. Drawing on a survey of 281 office-based employees in 27 companies in Sofia, Bulgaria, the paper demonstrates how the characteristics of individuals and individual journeys are important in shaping commuter stress but not exclusively so. In examining the significance of the workplace in relation to commuter stress, the paper differentiates between the geographical location of the workplace and the employing organisation, thus offering a granular understanding of spatial (e.g., the quality of the public spaces surrounding the office) and organisational (e.g., managerial decisions regarding parking) factors. The paper highlights the social and spatial constraints within which commutes are carried out, thus emphasising the role of employers and local government in what is often understood in terms of individual travel choices.

scholarly journals Strategi Pengembangan Daya Tarik Wisata Bukit Gundaling Di Kabupaten Karo

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Ruth Purnama Natalie Ginting ◽  
Ida Bagus Suryawan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Gundaling Hill is a tourist attraction located in the city of Berastagi Karo. The Hill is known as natural tourist attraction since the Dutch colonial era, and has a unique history that makes it more attractive for tourist who visit it. However, Gundaling Hill is no longer attractive for tourist. It is because there is no development on it, and there are  some new tourist attractions are established which have replaced the position of Gundaling Hill as a famous tourist attraction in Karo. The research purposes are; to determine the potential of the tourist attraction Gundaling Hill and to determine what needs to be done for the development of Gundaling Hill. This study  uses qualitative research methods and the concept of tourism potential and tourism development. Over time Gundaling Hill no longer as beautiful and as well-known as earlier, it is because there is no development is done to the charms of this site, so that tourist no longer feel that Gundaling Hill is a wonderful tourist attraction. The reason are the lack of tourist attractions that are offered, poorly managed, the lack of parking spaces, and the lack of development. It is clear that the role of stakeholders is needed, both from the local community, government and the private sector in oder to develop an attractive tourist attraction in Gundaling Hill.   Keywords: Development of Tourist Attractions, Tourism Potential, Tourist Attraction.

Adherence to mask wearing on public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic and influential factors: the case of Hanoi

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-497
Author(s):  
Tong Huu Manh ◽  
Do Anh Duong ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Anh ◽  
Nguyen Trung Duc ◽  
Nguyen Binh Minh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Significant Factors

In response to little known about the use of face masks for public transport passengers in developing countries, this study investigates the prevalence of using masks and using masks correctly together with influential factors. Using 570-passenger data collected on the whole bus network from 7 September to 3 October 2020 in Hanoi, the authors found that 100% of users wore masks; however, about 11% failed to wear masks correctly. As regards factors, passengers who are old, rarely ride by bus, take heavy luggage, travel with other(s) were more likely to use masks incorrectly. Having a health issue encouraged the correct use of masks. Attitudes towards the COVID-19 were significant factors. The higher levels of agreement with the acute danger of COVID-19 and the risk of infection from the public were involved in the higher likelihood of the correct mask wearing. Notably, over time with no community transmission of the coronavirus, the likelihood of incorrect use of masks was more inclined to increase. To address the wrong utilization of masks on buses, the role of ticket conductors in reminding and asking users using masks incorrectly should be enhanced. Additionally, authorities should issue messages and implement campaigns to encourage citizens to wear in public spaces on a regular basis, particularly when the adherence reduces over the time without community transmission of COVID-19. Although not covering all aspects representing the incorrect mask wearing, this study is one the first research on the incorrect use of masks, thus extending the literature on how public transport users respond the effects of COVID-19.

The role of gesture in memory and social communication

Gesture ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Breckinridge Church ◽  
Philip Garber ◽  
Kathryn Rogalski
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Social Conversation ◽  
Over Time

This study asked whether: (1) adults process representational gesture and (2) gesture is remembered over time. Forty-five college students (ages 22–38) were each randomly assigned to watch a set of Speech Only and Speech + Gesture video stimuli (containing statements that were extracted from social conversation) either in an immediate or delayed condition. After watching the videotape, participants were asked to write recollections of the video stimuli either immediately after watching the videotape or thirty minutes later. We found that gesture was processed along with speech and that unlike speech, it was less likely to deteriorate over time. Moreover, speech stimuli that were accompanied by gesture were significantly more likely to be recalled than speech stimuli occurring without gesture. These results suggest that gesture is processed by adults along with speech during communication and that gesture might have a different status in memory than speech.

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