scholarly journals Mapping the Stable Isotopes to Understand the Geo-Structural Control of Groundwater Recharge and Flow Mechanisms (Case Study From the Northeastern Basin of the West Bank)

Author(s):  
Saed Khayat ◽  
Amer Marei ◽  
Zaher Barghouthi
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Messerschmid ◽  
Jens Lange ◽  
Martin Sauter

Abstract. Groundwater recharge processes in semi-arid climates are highly sensitive to spatial and temporal variability (event precipitation). However, in previous research, the spatial distribu-tion of recharge has received relatively little attention. This study differentiates recharge ac-cording to the following spatial characteristics: (a) soil type and soil condition, (b) land forms such as relief, vegetation and land use, and (c) lithology and hydrogeological characteristics of the subsurface rock formation. For the first time, this paper analyses and quantifies the specific recharge in the different individual rock formations of the Western Aquifer Basin (WAB). The WAB is a large transboundary karst aquifer that stretches from sub-humid to semi-arid climates from the recharge area in the West Bank Mountains to the Mediterranean Coast. The assessment is based on actual field data, including soil moisture and spring dis-charge in Wadi Natuf, a 103 km2 large sub-catchment in the West Bank slopes and mountain region, i.e. the recharge area of the WAB. A parsimonious soil moisture balance model was set up to calculate daily recharge rates from daily precipitation and evapotranspiration records over an extended period of 7 years (2003/2004–2009/2010). Unlike in most comparable studies, the simple but solid parsimonious soil moisture and percolation model and the budget calculations were based on actual quantitative field-observations, in contrast's daily deep percolation rates were compared with soil moisture field-data and in addition, by comparing major event recharge depths with daily spring discharge response. This combination of modelling and intensive field measurements, comprising eight different soil moisture measurement stations in six different litho-facies formations allowed identifying and quantifying the recharge characteristics of each formation at high spatial resolution, which is a first in the Western Aquifer. We found that recharge varies widely at the spatial dimension, ranging between 0 % and almost 60 % of annual rainfall. The spatially variable long-term average recharge coefficients were applied to other outcropping formations by a ranking procedure taking into account each of the three above spatial characteristics (landform, soil and geology). In addition to the recharge analysis, special emphasis was paid to the examination of the role of perched leaky aquifers positioned between the main regional Upper and Lower Aquifers. The particular geometry of the local aquifers, i.e. hills with well-defined aquifers, leaky aqui-tard bases and therefore well-defined catchment areas, allowed the quantification of the flow budget. By measuring and budgeting spring group discharge of each leaky sub-aquifer, for the first time also leakage coefficients could be calculated empirically. The methodology of this study is also applicable to comparable catchments and aquifers out-side the region. The resulting mean annual recharge coefficients allow the prediction of the spatial distribution of recharge at any given sub-catchment or management cell size, also beyond Wadi Natuf (in a follow-up paper).


Author(s):  
Ehab Mohiuddin Hashlamou ◽  

The current study aims to identify the extent to which the competitive advantage - the natural cosmetics sector - was achieved in light of the factors of the Porter model, and on the Hashlamoun cosmetics factory in the West Bank between 2018 and 2019. Where the study was formulated through the main question: What is the extent of achieving the competitive advantage - the natural cosmetics sector - in light of the factors of the Porter model, and on the Hashlamoun cosmetics factory in the West Bank? This question is divided into a set of sub-questions. In order for the study to achieve its goals according to the scientific methodology, a qualitative exploration method for secondary sources and data has been used to uncover criticism and support for Porter models through relevant books and references. Work has also been done on the descriptive analytical approach in the study to analyze the sector and case study through several tools, including the questionnaire It was prepared appropriately based on the main factors of the Porter model for analyzing the sector's attractiveness and other external factors, in order to collect the required data on (8) cosmetic companies natural, conduct interviews and take notes in a case study of a factory Hashlamoun p. For cosmetics, the study used descriptive and inferential methods, through the statistical analysis program (EXCEL ). The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: Based on the Porter factors to analyze the sector and build a competitive advantage, the researcher showed when applying the model that the natural cosmetics sector has an average attractiveness to invest in it, and that the Hashlamoun Cosmetics Company for the industrial environment in the sector has a medium appeal to continue in it, but after applying the forces and modern factors to the sector Natural cosmetics turned out to be of low attractiveness and also the Hashlamoun Company for Cosmetics for its industrial environment is of high attractiveness. The Porter model assessment of the five powers of sector analysis with the researcher’s assessment is weak and not sufficient, because it is unable to give information and expected challenges to the market and the sector adequately and inappropriate for the current sectors and different markets for several reasons: the inconsistency of the conditions and assumptions that are required to apply the model to the sectors and modern markets, the sector The model was applied to in Palestine and it is one of the developing countries, which means the model is unable to deal with the analysis and understanding of the sectors and markets of developing countries. The organization under study is from the small organizations sector and the Porter model is not appropriate for this sector because it has structures organization and clear and depend on the manpower, expertise and skills while the model is based on clear organizational and divided structures is the basic value of the equipment, machinery and external resources, and the presence of factors, modern forces weighed heavily on the markets and sectors and their ability to build a competitive advantage, did not mention the five Porter powers model. It became clear to the researcher that the company is using a differentiation strategy to build a competitive advantage for it, but there are better and more modern strategies that are more suitable for modern markets, and this strategy used has many flaws. After discussing the results, the study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: Establishing a committee representing companies in the natural cosmetics sector and caring for them, companies that want to invest in or are present in the sector to counter the intensity of competition by using information technology methods and taking advantage of globalization and the Internet to market and promote their products, also that Al-Hashlamoun Cosmetics Company adopts the new thought of total quality management, Reduce damage, arrange production activities and processes to save time and effort, and communicate between management and workers to solve problems, access the market quickly and on demand on time, and a hybrid modern strategy that integrates cost leadership with differentiation, and The companies use to analyze the market recent modern models for all factors and variables, and if Porter models are used to be just a simple look or a starting point and use other tools, also amend the Porter strategies and models to become appropriate for the modern economy and the variables and taking into account modern forces from the Internet and globalization and free trade, and adding factors On its models to accommodate the economy in developing countries and focus on the role and impact of government on sectors.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 251-266
Author(s):  
Piotr Kosiorek

Osadnictwo żydowskie jest jednym z najważniejszych elementów wieloletnich sprzeczności między Izraelem i Palestyną. Ponadto problematyczny pozostaje tutaj status prawny osiedli. Wciąż trwa dyskusja nad tym, czy kolonie założone na Zachodnim Brzegu Jordanu są legalne, czy wręcz przeciwnie. Celem niniejszego tekstu będzie zbadanie znaczenia osadnictwa żydowskiego w kontekście konfliktu izraelsko-palestyńskiego oraz próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak wysoko w hierarchii priorytetów państwa sytuuje się osadnictwo żydowskie. W treści tego artykułu poruszane są takie kwestie jak mur bezpieczeństwa wraz z jego funkcjami i konsekwencjami dla Palestyńczyków, kwestia administracji Zachodniego Brzegu Jordanu oraz studium przypadku opisujące przykład Kfar Etzion i Sheikh Jarrah. Jewish settlements in the context of the Israeli – Palestinian conflict Jewish settlement is one of the most important elements of the long – term contradictions between Israel and Palestine. Moreover, the legal status of the outposts is problematical. The main objective of this text is analysis the significance of Jewish settlement in the context of the Israeli – Palestinian conflict and to try to answer the question how high in the hierarchy of the State of Israel priorities is the Jewish settlement. In a content of this article there such matters as security wall with its functions and consequences for Palestinians in the context of Jewish settlements, issue of an administration of the West Bank and the case study describes example of the Kfar Etzion and Sheikh Jarrah.


2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 780-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marei ◽  
S. Khayat ◽  
S. Weise ◽  
S. Ghannam ◽  
M. Sbaih ◽  
...  

Epidemiology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S33 ◽  
Author(s):  
N EL-SHARIF ◽  
A FISCHBEIN ◽  
B KAUL ◽  
A KONIJN ◽  
E D RICHTER

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehong Li ◽  
Yang Ren ◽  
Jingnan Li ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Pavel Rykov ◽  
...  

Lake Baikal is located on the southern tableland of East Siberian Russia. The west coast of the lake has vast forest resources and excellent ecological conditions, and this area and the Mongolian Plateau constitute an important ecological security barrier in northern China. Land-use/cover change is an important manifestation of regional human activities and ecosystem evolution. This paper uses Irkutsk city, a typical city on the West Bank of Lake Baikal, as a case study area. Based on three phases of Landsat remote-sensing image data, the land-use/cover change pattern and change process are analyzed and the natural factors and socioeconomic factors are combined to reveal driving forces through the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. The results show the following: (1) From 2005 to 2015, construction land expanded, and forestland was converted into construction land and woodland. In addition, grass land, bare land, and cultivated land were converted into construction land, and the woodland area increased. The annual changes in land use from 2005 to 2010 were dramatic and then slowed down from 2010 to 2015. (2) The main reasons for the change in land-use types were urban expansion and nonagricultural development caused by population migration. The process of urbanization from external populations to urban agglomeration and the process of reverse urbanization from a central urban population to urban suburbs jointly expanded urban construction land area. As a result, forestland, grass land and bare land areas on the outskirts of cities were continuously reduced. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, land privatization led to a decline in the farm economy, the emergence of agricultural land reclamation and urban expansion; in addition, the implementation of the “one-hectare land policy” intensified development in suburban areas, resulting in a reduction of forestland and grass land areas. The process of constructing the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor has intensified human activities in the region, and the prevention of drastic changes in land cover, coordination of human-land relations, and green development are necessary.


Author(s):  
Rasha Odeh ◽  
Samah Abu-Assab

This case study sheds light on the disputable organizational and behavioral management issues which occurred when one of the leading educational centers in the West Bank in Palestine began a process of downsizing. The case explores in a comprehensive approach the downsizing process that took place at the EDU-X Center in 2011 and its impact on the stakeholders of the organization before, during, and after one and a half years of the downsizing. The opinions, arguments, and reasons of top management’s decision to downsize are presented as well as the opinions, arguments, and despair of the employees who survived, were laid off, or resigned. Based on the comprehensive model by Kammeyer-Mueller, Liao, and Arvey (2001), the case shows that the downsizing decision at EDU-X was inevitable and turned out to be the right decision. In conclusion, a number of recommendations are proposed to lessen the undesirable effects of the downsizing process for all stakeholders.


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