scholarly journals Regulatory Functions of α-Amylase in the Small Intestine Other than Starch Digestion: α-Glucosidase Activity, Glucose Absorption, Cell Proliferation, and Differentiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimie Date
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Absorption Cell ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Regulatory Functions

scholarly journals Retinoid metabolism in the rat small intestine

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simmy Thomas ◽  
Ramamoorthy Prabhu ◽  
Kunissery A. Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation

Vitamin A (retinol) is essential for epithelial cell growth, differentiation and proliferation. The absorption of retinol occurs in the small intestine, and the metabolism of this vitamin is not well studied in this organ. The intestinal epithelium has a high rate of cell proliferation and differentiation, and the present study looked at the level of retinoids and metabolizing enzymes involved in their interconversion along the villus–crypt axis under normal conditions. Intestine was removed from control rats, and enterocytes at various stages of maturation and differentiation were quantified by the metal chelation method. Using HPLC, various retinoid concentrations in the cell homogenate and the metabolizing enzymes in the cytosol were quantified. The proliferating crypt cells were found to have a higher level of retinoic acid as well as of the enzymes involved in its formation, such as retinaldehyde oxidase and retinol dehydrogenase, compared with the villus cells, suggesting a possible role for this compound in intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. The high level of retinol and high retinaldehyde reductase activity in the villus cells suggest the important role played by this enzyme in the conversion of dietary β-carotene to retinol via retinaldehyde. In summary, this study has given for the first time a detailed analysis of the retinoid levels and metabolizing enzymes in different cell populations in the rat small intestinal epithelium.

scholarly journals Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in the Small Intestine after Irradiation with Multiple Fractions

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Becciolini ◽  
D. Cremonini ◽  
D. Fabbrica ◽  
M. Balzi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Icariin Stimulates hFOB 1.19 Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation via OPG/RANKL Mediated by the Estrogen Receptor

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Jun Sun ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
Xiang-hao Wen ◽  
Lu Guo ◽  
Zi-Fen Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Human Osteoblast ◽  
Osteoblast Cells ◽  
Expression Ratio ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression

Background:: Icariin (ICA), one of the main effective components isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Epimedium brevicornu Maxim., has been reported to possess extensive pharmacological actions, including enhanced sexual function, immune regulation, anti-inflammation, and antiosteoporosis. Methods:: Our study was designed to investigate the effect of ICA on cell proliferation and differentiation and the molecular mechanism of OPG/RANKL mediated by the Estrogen Receptor (ER) in hFOB1.19 human osteoblast cells. Results:: The experimental results show that ICA can stimulate cell proliferation and increase the activity of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Osteocalcin (BGP) and I Collagen (Col I) and a number of calcified nodules. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of OPG and RANKL and the OPG/ RANKL mRNA and protein expression ratios were upregulated by ICA. The above-mentioned results indicated that the optimal concentration of ICA for stimulating osteogenesis was 50ng/mL. Subsequent mechanistic studies comparing 50ng/mL ICA with an estrogen receptor antagonist demonstrated that the effect of the upregulated expression is connected with the estrogen receptor. In conclusion, ICA can regulate bone formation by promoting cell proliferation and differentiation and upregulating the OPG/RANKL expression ratio by the ER in hFOB1.19 human osteoblast cells.

scholarly journals Costimulation by B7 Modulates Specificity of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes: A Missing Link That Explains Some Bystander T Cell Activation

1997 ◽  
Vol 186 (10) ◽  
pp. 1787-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Zheng ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

It has been proposed that some bystander T cell activation may in fact be due to T cell antigen receptor (TCR) cross-reactivity that is too low to be detected by the effector cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). However, this hypothesis is not supported by direct evidence since no TCR ligand is known to induce T cell proliferation and differentiation without being recognized by the effector CTL. Here we report that transgenic T cells expressing a T cell receptor to influenza virus A/NT/68 nucleoprotein (NP) 366-374:Db complexes clonally expand and become effector CTLs in response to homologous peptides from either A/PR8/34 (H1N1), A/AA/60 (H2N2), or A/NT/68 (H3N2). However, the effector T cells induced by each of the three peptides kill target cells pulsed with NP peptides from the H3N2 and H2N2 viruses, but not from the H1N1 virus. Thus, NP366–374 from influenza virus H1N1 is the first TCR ligand that can induce T cell proliferation and differentiation without being recognized by CTLs. Since induction of T cell proliferation was mediated by antigen-presenting cells that express costimulatory molecules such as B7, we investigated if cytolysis of H1N1 NP peptide–pulsed targets can be restored by expressing B7-1 on the target cells. Our results revealed that this is the case. These data demonstrated that costimulatory molecule B7 modulates antigen specificity of CTLs, and provides a missing link that explains some of the bystander T cell activation.

MicroRNA-506-3p regulates neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation through targeting TCF3

Gene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 593 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Chen Jiaqi ◽  
Chen Zhaoying ◽  
Chen Huimin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Proliferation ◽  
Neural Stem Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

scholarly journals Influence of a macroporous β-TCP structure on human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro

Open Ceramics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100141
Author(s):  
Shaan Chamary ◽  
Liliana Grenho ◽  
Maria Helena Fernandes ◽  
Franck Bouchart ◽  
Fernando Jorge Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation
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