scholarly journals The Evaluation of Childhood Foods and Infant Formula Exposure to Furan, Chloropropanols and Acrylamide Contamination by Food Processing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burhan Başaran
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Alternative Nutrition ◽  
Acting In Concert

This review attempted to evaluate the exposure of thermal processing contaminants such as furan, chloropropanols and acrylamide from infant formulas. Furan, chloropropanols and acrylamide exist at varying levels in several types of foods that are consumed in daily diet including infant formulas. The consumption of these foods leads to the exposure to the thermal processing contaminants. In this sense, it is apparent that humans face hidden danger through dietary exposure throughout their lives. Infants are considered as the age group that expose to the highest levels of these substances as a result of the fact that they have low body weight and consume infant formulas in their diets as alternative nutrition. The review emphasizes that the infant formulas are not innocent, on the contrary, they can be considered as safety critical for infants considering that infant formulas include furan, chloropropanols and acrylamide. Therefore, this review suggests that in this sense all shareholders’ (university, non-governmental organizations, public and private sector) acting in concert with each other is crucially important for the health of individuals and overall society.

scholarly journals THE CONTRIBUTION OF NGOS IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: AN EVALUATION OF STAKEHOLDERS' PERCEPTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIRGÍNIA TALAVEIRA VALENTINI TRISTÃO ◽  
JOSÉ AMÉRICO MARTELLI TRISTÃO
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Abstract Environmental education practiced by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) presents itself as a new teaching method directed at changing habits, attitudes and social practices seeking solutions for the social-environmental degradation afflicting the contemporary world. This work seeks to identify the perception and expectations of stakeholders regarding the contribution of NGOs in environmental education. The research was guided by the Delphi method and, as a result, verified that the involved stakeholders understand that environmental education practiced by NGOs must be ample, free, professionalized and directed towards all the segments of society via partnerships with public and private sector organizations.

Sustainable agricultural mechanization and commercialization for widespread adoption of conservation agriculture systems in Africa.

2022 ◽  
pp. 382-401
Author(s):  
Josef Kienzle ◽  
Brian Sims ◽  
Weldone Mutai
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Agricultural Mechanization ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Abstract To confront the situations of climate crisis, natural resource degradation and rising populations, farmers need access to modern sustainable agricultural technologies, especially Conservation Agriculture (CA) and sustainable agricultural mechanization (SAM). Without such access, the UN's SDGs will not be met in their entirety. The implications of mechanizing CA are discussed for both smallholder and larger-scale farmers. Constraints, issues and options are reviewed and the need for commercial, private sector, CA mechanization service provision for smallholders is identified. The Framework for Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization for Africa (SAMA) is a key pillar for achieving Aspiration 1 (a prosperous Africa based on inclusive growth and sustainable development) of the African Union's (AU) Agenda 2063; and SDG 2 (ending hunger and achieving food security). The move towards commercialization of smallholder agriculture in Africa is seen as an inevitable reality in the medium term. It is also a necessary prerequisite for the adoption of SAM, which is being actively promoted in Africa, both at the level of the AU and by national governments, research centres, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and private-sector agricultural machinery companies. The policy dimensions of promoting SAM are discussed from the public and private-sector perspectives. A forward look identifies novel business models for sustainable mechanization services, an increasing application of information technology (IT) and the (longer term) potential for drones and robotics. The conclusion is that CA and SAM are essential ways forward to answer Africa's needs for sustainable food production while engaging young entrepreneurs in the provision of mechanization services using IT, digital tools and precision equipment.

scholarly journals Organizing collaboration: Ottawa's Role in Homelessness Initiatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Funding Model ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Indicators Of Success

On any given night in Canada, 35,000 individuals experience some form of homelessness and between 136,000 and 156,000 Canadians access emergency shelters each year. Homelessness is a daunting policy and administrative challenge that requires the concerted collaboration of a diversity of public and private sector players to tackle. I argue that the Canadian federal government’s leadership prompted the cooperation between the different orders of government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in St. John’s, Newfoundland and that its administrative and collaborative governance approach has generated impressive outcomes in responding to the complicated issue of homelessness. The community-based, shared funding model used by Ottawa has proven effective in harmonizing homelessness programming, data collection, indicators of success, and objectives and outcomes between governmental and nongovernmental partners.

scholarly journals Organizing collaboration: Ottawa's Role in Homelessness Initiatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Funding Model ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Indicators Of Success

On any given night in Canada, 35,000 individuals experience some form of homelessness and between 136,000 and 156,000 Canadians access emergency shelters each year. Homelessness is a daunting policy and administrative challenge that requires the concerted collaboration of a diversity of public and private sector players to tackle. I argue that the Canadian federal government’s leadership prompted the cooperation between the different orders of government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in St. John’s, Newfoundland and that its administrative and collaborative governance approach has generated impressive outcomes in responding to the complicated issue of homelessness. The community-based, shared funding model used by Ottawa has proven effective in harmonizing homelessness programming, data collection, indicators of success, and objectives and outcomes between governmental and nongovernmental partners.

scholarly journals Transnational sustainability certification for the bioeconomy? Patterns and discourse coalitions of resistance and alternatives in biomass exporting regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Vogelpohl
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sustainability Standards ◽  
Discourse Coalitions

AbstractThe bioeconomy is nowadays widely proclaimed by governments and corporations around the world as a new paradigm for a sustainable economy. Essentially, it broadly denotes the promotion, development and establishment of the use of biogenic resources in diverse kinds of industrial technologies, production processes and products. Yet, in order for the bioeconomy to be sustainable, it has to be assured that these biogenic resources are sourced sustainably. In the last 30 years, transnational sustainability certification (TSC) has established itself as a popular instrument in this context, for example in the case of European biofuels sustainability regulation. In the last decade or so, however, TSC initiatives in several biomass production sectors like palm oil, soy, fruits, aquaculture or fisheries—mostly initiated by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and corporations from the Global North—are increasingly met with resistance from actors from the resource-producing countries, mostly located in the Global South. Issues brought up in this context concern their lack of legitimacy and respect for national regulatory sovereignty and conflicting priorities in terms of sustainable development. Consequently, governmental and corporate actors from the resource-producing countries have developed sustainability standards that now at least partly compete with TSC. Against this background, this contribution investigates this apparent dilemma of biomass certification by taking stock of existing TSC initiatives and territorial responses to them in several sectors of the bioeconomy in order to discover general patterns and dynamics of transnational biomass sustainability certification. This analysis is based on a review of existing empirical studies on these issues as well as on conceptual literature on discourse coalitions and transnational hybrid governance for the classification of the different aspects and developments in the individual sectors. Results show that TSC is indeed challenged in all sectors around story lines of sovereignty and sustainability, employed by closely associated state and industry actors in the specific context of the prevalent state-industry relations and the practices and institutions of the respective international political economies. Beyond this general pattern, these alternative systems take on different shapes and complex relations between transnational and territorial sustainability governance emerge that are not always antagonistic, but also exist in parallel or even complementarily and involve various hybrid configurations of public and private actors. Overall, this casts some doubt on the potential of TSC as an instrument to safeguard the sustainability of the bioeconomy and shows one of its potential pitfalls, which is reflected upon in the conclusion.

Non-State Actors and the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention in Asia: Achievements, Problems, and Prospects

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro CHECHI
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
World Heritage Convention ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Outstanding Universal Value ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The One

AbstractThe philosophy underlying the UNESCO World Heritage Convention of 1972 [WHC] consists in promoting a system of international co-operation in the context of which the States Parties commit to preserving the cultural treasures of “outstanding universal value” located within their territories. However, it is a fact that today many properties inscribed on the List set under the WHC are endangered. This paper will focus on the role played by “non-state actors” in the enforcement of the WHC. It will thus dwell upon the relationships between public and private interests, on the one hand, and between international and domestic legal orders, on the other. Its purpose is to map out and discuss the most salient problems about the involvement of non-state actors—particularly non-governmental organizations [NGOs] and private companies—in the monitoring and implementation of the WHC.

Application of Social Network Analysis to Major Petrochemical Accident: Interorganizational Collaboration Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Marzieh Abbassinia ◽  
Omid Kalatpour ◽  
Majid Motamedzade ◽  
Alireza Soltanian ◽  
Iraj Mohammadfam
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Interorganizational Relationships ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

ABSTRACT Objective: Crisis management in major accidents requires the collaboration among different organizations. One of the most important problems of crisis management is the lack of coordination between executive organizations. The aim of this study was to examine the structural characters and problems of interorganizational network during crisis in the petrochemical industry and provide solutions to achieve the highest performance in crisis management. Methods: The organizations involved in crisis management were identified through interviews and questionnaires. Gephi (0.9.1) software was used to examine interorganizational relationships. Results: In this study, the crisis management team consisted of 25 public and private organizations and non-governmental organizations. The highest betweenness centrality was observed in Crisis Management of Provincial Government (CMPG) (142.16) and Fire Department of Petrochemical Complex (FDC) (89.3). The highest closeness centrality was observed in FDC (0.77), CMPG (0.7), Shazand Governorate (0.7), and Crisis Management of University of Medical Sciences (0.7). Conclusions: Coordination between organizations plays an important role in crisis and emergency management, and social network analysis helps identify strengths and weaknesses of organizations involved in crisis management, overcome those weaknesses, and consequently achieve the best performance in crisis management.

Solid Waste Management in the Context of Public Policies and Private Sector Participation

2019 ◽  
pp. 229-247
Author(s):  
Gamze Yıldız Şeren
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Important Position

Public policies have undoubtedly a very important position in the economy. The environmental economy is a phenomenon that requires intervention in the market through public policies. This is because environmental problems need to be intervened with public policy tools because they have the characteristics of externalities and are public goods. Accordingly, waste management is a subject of environmental economics, at which point public policies come into play particularly at the level of local governments and gain importance. However, this is not only a matter of public policies but also requires the active involvement of the private sector and social participation. The participation of society and non-governmental organizations, as well as public and private partnerships plays a pivotal role in the effective management of this process because it is difficult to understand the significance of solid waste management for a society that has not completed its intellectual and cultural education.

Governance as a Bridge to Sustainability

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulas Akkucuk ◽  
Tutku Seckin-Celik
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Public Corporations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
Governance Practice ◽  
Developed World

Governance has evolved to be an extremely critical notion for the developed world as well as for the developing countries. For the developing world, novel concepts required for good governance practice may not be easily understood or widely practiced by the stakeholders of private or public corporations. Good governance is needed for numerous institutions both public and private. For public entities, good governance results in scientifically motivated policy development, an increase in accountability and transparency and finally the involvement of all stakeholders in the decision-making process. For non-governmental organizations, governance results in better allocation of resources, finding new opportunities for collaboration, and better cooperation with governmental bodies. For the private sector, governance increases the reliability of the organizations and contributes to sustainability, and a climate of trust to be established among the stakeholders. This chapter will include an extant review of the literature on how good governance and sustainable value creation come hand in hand.

Ethics in Developing Economies of Asia

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

Abstract:This essay aims to deepen our comprehension of the economic ethics of different peoples in Asia, as well as realizing a degree of cultural relativism, in order to enhance amicable economic associations. It counterbalances the conventionally strong West-oriented views which regard exotic features of non-Western economies as backward and illogical elements that disturb smooth and orthodox development and, hence, should be eradicated. The author, first, recalls a number of facts which depict the eruptive economic transformation in Asia. He, then, criticizes the imposition of Western-style development and exploitation without excluding Japan’s colonialism in Taiwan and Korea, and pleads for multiple forms of development and modernity. Economic transactions should be analysed in relation to sociocultural aspects, and, therefore, communities and ethics groups play a substantive role between the public and private sectors, the market, and individuals. For instance, small farmers in Southeast Asia, struggling with the weakness of tenant farmers and pressures of the market mechanism, developed ingenious and participatory forms of survival, increasingly supported by non-governmental organizations. Case studies from Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines give a vivid picture of these activities. Because the developing economies are composed of market and non-market sectors, reasonable attention should be given to the ethics beyond market principles, with particular emphasis on community as foundation.

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