scholarly journals Evaluation and Quantification of Anionic Surfactant in the Gomti River at Lucknow City, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar ◽  
Pokhraj Sahu ◽  
Pramod K. Singh ◽  
Nishi K. Shukla ◽  
Devendra P. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Body System ◽  
Nonpoint Sources ◽  
Gomti River ◽  
Natural Degradation

In this paper, an attempt has been made to check the level of surfactants particularly in drinking water, which can lead to toxicity in human body system. In this study, a total of 10 locations were selected to enumerate the concentration of surfactants and other physicochemical parameters with metals in the flowing water of river during pre-monsoon 2019. Analyzed result showed that the concentration of surfactants was significantly high and other parameters were also high. It was also found that river at the vicinity of town areas or midstream in the Lucknow city contained high amount of an anionic surfactants due to the nonpoint sources generated by human activities, low concentration was found in upstream, and average concentration was found in downstream, showing natural degradation of surfactants. The values of other parameters were higher than the prescribed limit, which is the serious problem for human being.

scholarly journals ON A NEW TECHNOLOGY OF PREPARATION OF HOT DRINKING WATER

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Jalilov ◽  
M. M. Azimova ◽  
A. M. Jalilova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Body ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Minimum Value

The present article contains information concerning the new Cl-anionization technology in the preparation of hot drinking water. In contrast with water softening, that replaces all the hardness salts by sodium cations in the cation exchanger, this new technology makes it possible to replace incrustating HCO3̄ and SO42--anions in a strong-base anion exchanger by Cl⁻-ions. As a result, the incrustation on the surfaces of heating hot water heaters is prevented. Thus, cations of hardness that are valuable for the human body remain in the water, the quality of the latter conforming to drinking water quality. Considering the important role of calcium and magnesium in the human body, in Germany and Turkey the minimum value of hardness cations in drinking water is limited to 2.85 and 7.50 mg-Eqv/l, respectively. According to the World Health Organization, in the composition of drinking water, the concentration of cations of magnesium and calcium is recommended, respectively, within 10–(20–30), and 20–50 mg/l; the minimum value of total hardness is 2–4 mg-Eqv/l. According to the developed technology drinking water is passed consistently in the downward direction through the mechanical and chlorineanionite exchanger filters. In the latter, the main part of HCO3̄ and SO42--water ions are exchanged for Cl-anions of anionite. Then the water is collected in the tank, from where it is pumped to the hot water heater through the ultraviolet disinfection unit. After the depletion of the anionite by HCO3̄ and SO42--anions, it is regenerated by a solution of 8–12 % NaCl. The results of research by the anion exchangers Purolite A200EMBCl and AB-17-8 are plotted. It is noted that when the specific consumption of salt for regeneration is of about 45–55 kg/m³, working exchange capacity of the A200EMBCl occurs to be in the range 300–370 g-Eqv/m³. For anionization of water, the residual concentration of HCO3̄-ions are changed from 0.5 to 3.2 mg-Eqv/l. The average concentration of these anions occurs to be between 1.8 and 2.2 mg-Eqv/l, when their initial value is 4.4 mg-Eqv/l.

scholarly journals Microplastic Contamination in Human Stools, Foods, and Drinking Water Associated with Indonesian Coastal Population

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Arif Luqman ◽  
Husna Nugrahapraja ◽  
Ruri Agung Wahyuono ◽  
Izzatul Islami ◽  
Muhammad Husain Haekal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
Study Participants

Approximately 381 million tons of plastic are produced globally every year, and the majority of it ends up as pollutants. In the environment, plastic waste is fragmented into microplastic particles less than 5 mm in size; owing to their small size, durability, and abundance, they can easily be dispersed, incorporated into the food chains, and enter the human body. The extent of microplastic exposure in the human body has become a major concern in many countries, including in Indonesia, the second largest plastic waste contributor in the world. Here, we report the detection of microplastics in human stools collected from a fisherman community in the coastal area of Surabaya, Indonesia. Microplastics were found in more than 50% of samples analyzed with a concentration ranging from 3.33 to 13.99 µg of microplastic per gram of feces (µg/g). HDPE was observed as the most prevalent type of microplastic, with an average concentration of 9.195 µg/g in positive samples. Different types of microplastics were also detected in seafood, staple foods, drinking water, table salts, and toothpaste, which were regularly used and consumed by the study participants. Results from this preliminary study indicate widespread contamination of microplastic in the human body and in consumables associated with the coastal populations of Indonesia.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Water and Sediment: A Case Study of Tembi River

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shanbehzadeh ◽  
Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi ◽  
Akbar Hassanzadeh ◽  
Toba Kiyanizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Standard Range

This study was carried out to examine heavy metals concentration in water and sediment of upstream and downstream of the entry of the sewage to the Tembi River, Iran. Samples were collected from upstream and downstream and were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the average concentration of the metals in water and sediment on downstream was more than that of upstream. The comparison of the mean concentrations of heavy metals in water of the Tembi River with drinking water standards and those in the water used for agriculture suggests that the mean concentration of Cu and Zn lies within the standard range for drinking water and the mean concentration of Mn, Zn, and Pb lies within the standard range of agricultural water. The highest average concentration on downstream for Pb in water and for Mn in sediment was 1.95 and 820.5 ppm, respectively. Also, the lowest average concentration on upstream was identified for Cd in water and sediment 0.07 and 10 ppm, respectively. With regard to the results, it gets clear that using the water for recreational purposes, washing, and fishing is detrimental to human health and the environment.

scholarly journals Application of Inorganic Fertilizers and Organic Manures on the Production of Autotrophic Plankton in Madhupur Tract Soil Contained Miniature Tank

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
ME Huda ◽  
MR Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Average Water Temperature ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Domestic Use

Appropriate fertilizer and their impact on physico-chemical parameters of water and productivity is very important for aquaculture and ecology. Optimum fertilizer dose can help in fish farmer as well as aquaculture sector. From the study it was found that the total physicochemical parameters of water were suitable for aquaculture, drinking water, irrigation and domestic use. The average water temperature was 26.45±2.75oC; 26.50±3.24oC; 25.83±4.08oC; 26.57±3.02oC and 26.53±2.93oC for MCRT-1 to 5 gradually. Water pH in an average was 7.37±0.61; 7.44±0.55; 7.25±0.58; 7.33±0.54 and 7.47±0.49 for Minature Circular Research Tank (MCRT)-1 to 5 respectively. Average water DO were 6.98±1.05 mgl-1; 6.75±1.53 mgl-1; 6.90±1.64 mgl-1; 6.59±1.19mgl-1 and 6.77±1.60mgl-1 for MCRT-1 to 5 respectively. Average water hardness were 71.88 ± 20.47 mgl-1; 60.5 ±2 1.25 mgl-1; 83.38 ± 23.39 mgl-1; 59.13 ± 25.57 mgl-1 and 52.63 ± 7.92 mgl-1 for MCRT-1 to 5 gradually. Average water total phosphorus were 0.77 ± 0.18 mgl-1; 0.83 ± 0.19 mgl-1; 0.78 ± 0.21 mgl-1; 0.84 ± 0.17 mgl-1 and 0.84 ± 0.16 mgl-1 for MCRT-1 to 5 gradually. From planktonic study it was found that the highest phytoplankton and Zooplankton were in MCRT-3. Phytoplanktons were under 27 no. of genera. Their groups were Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Hepatecae.Zooplankton were five major taxa and they were Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepod and Ostracoda respectively.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 9-14 2017

scholarly journals IMPACTS OF DUMPSITE ON SOIL AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF ERINFUN COMMUNITY, ADO EKITI, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
F., F. Akinola ◽  
M., O. Lasisi ◽  
B., S. Awe
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

Groundwater pollution has increased as a result of poor waste disposal practices in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations in order to investigate the impact of dumpsites on groundwater and soil quality in Erinfun community. Four (4) water samples were collected hand dug well and four (4) soil samples designated Ss1 to Ss4 were collected at distances of 10, 20, 30 and 40 m, respectively, away from the waste dumpsite. Physicochemical parameters and traces such as odour, colour, taste and temperature, as well as Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolve Oxygen, Total Dissolve Solid, pH, and chloride were measured in collected water samples. Collected soil samples were also analyzed for heavy metals such as Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Chromium, and Lead. All the physical parameters of the water samples analysed were found not to be within the acceptable limit of World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality standards. The chemical constituents tested were within the acceptable limit of World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality except for the Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Dissolve Oxygen of water samples 1 and 2, respectively. The concentration of trace metals in water sample test were within health limit except for Magnesium and Iron which has the highest concentrations in water sample 1 at 10 m away from dumpsite (61.00 mg/l and 0.46 mg/l). Consequently, open dumpsites are discouraged, and constructed standard landfills with appropriate monitoring guidelines are recommended.

scholarly journals Long term Impacts of Effluents on Quality of the Kosi River Water at District Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Gulrez Nizami ◽  
Shifa Rehman ◽  
R. Z. Sayyed ◽  
Ummul Khair Fatma ◽  
Hesham El Enshasy
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Ph Values

The present study was aimed to analyze the influence of industrial and agricultural wastes on quality ofKosi river water, Rampur, UP, India. The results of the present study revealed pH values of between 7.2 and 6.3 (neutral to slightly acidic), the electrical conductivity between 129.4 μs/cmto399.3 μs/cm. The maximum EC value was observed at S5 in spring season. The turbidity of each was 0.4 to 7.067 NTU. The highest turbidity observed at S5 in winters. Total hardness of 73 (mg/L) and 506.33 (mg/L) were evident at S4 and S7 sites respectively. The BOD values ranged from 10.5 (mg/L) at S4 to 137.4 (mg/L) at S5. Higher BOD values at each site are reflecting the great extent of pollution. The minimum COD recorded at S3 (32.60 mg/L) however maximum recorded at S5 (168.65 mg/L). The results of the heavy metals showed a significant increase in the concentration of Pb, Zn, Cu, Hg and As at S5 as compared to the other sites. The As concentration was 0.04, 0.08, 0.85, 0.72 and 0.71 at S2, S3, S5, S6, and S7 respectively. These values were higher than the value of Arsenic as per WHO guidelines.The average concentration of Zn obtained was 0.05, 0.786, 0.413, 0.06, 3.26,0.97 and 0.53 mg/L at S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, and S7 respectively. The highest value of Zn was recorded at S5 (SDP) as compared to other sites. Only at S5 the zinc content is exceeding the normal value. The copper content found to be lower (1.0 mg/Ll) than permissible value according to WHO. The Cu concentration was 0.01, 0.06 0.01 at S4, S5 and S6 respectively, at S1,S2, S3 and S7 zero. The changed physicochemical parameters and occurrence of heavy metal ions indicated a significant level of pollution in Kosi River.

scholarly journals Drinking water. Microscopic fungi. Mycotoxins (literature review)

2019 ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
Dmytro Zabolotnyi ◽  
Adel Rudenko ◽  
Mariia Saprykina
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Yeast Fungi ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

We have analized available literature on the capability of micro- scopic fungi (micromycetes) to exist and reproduce in the water (i.e. tap water) that is provided to consumers. The following mi- cromycetes, most typically present in tap water, were identified, namely: Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Alternaria, Clad- osporium and Candida. The average number of micromycetes ranges from 8 to 18 CFU/100 cm3 , with yeast fungi dominantly present. Toxic substances (mycotoxins) that produce microscop- ic fungi are described, as well as their effects on the human body. It is noted that most mycotoxins stimulate formation of excessive free radicals and oxidative stress, which leads to impaired func- tion of the body’s antioxidant system, namely the production of a prooxidant enzyme in liver cells, immune organs and in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, , the presence of processes of apoptosis that lead to little sorption syndrome, immunosuppres- sion. The potential water routes of mycotoxins into the human body have been identified. The ability of mycotoxins, which form micromycetes – most often found in tap water, to cause cancer, have been analyzed in detail, using available literature on the subject. Mainly the effect of aflatoxins, trichothecenes, ochratox- ins and gliotoxins was examined. The presence of microscopic fungi in water supplied to the consumer, as well as their ability to form toxins necessitates systematic studies of water samples for the detection of micromycetes and the toxins present in it. And, finally, an important avenue for further research is outlined, which is to develop a simple and affordable method for the de- tection of mycotoxins in the water, based on the use of a sensitive test objects. Key words: drinking water‚ micromycetes‚ mycotoxins‚ human health For citation: Zabolotnyi DI, Rudenko AV, Honcharuk VV, Saprykina MM, Bolgova OS. Drinking water. Microscopic fungi. Mycotoxins (literature review). Journal of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. 2019;25(3):253–59

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF BOTTLED WATER QUALITY

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Φωτίου ◽  
N. Κολοβός
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Main Target

The investigation and the evaluation of the bottled water parameters and their relation to the human health is the main target of this paper. Thirty three samples of bottled water were investigated and the quality parameters were compared according to the standards introduced by EC (instruction 80/778 - 15/07/80) of the drinking water. The physicochemical parameters include pH, conductivity, CI, S04, Si02, Ca, Mg, Na, Κ, F, total hardness and alkalinity.

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