scholarly journals EVALUATION OF BOTTLED WATER QUALITY

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Φωτίου ◽  
N. Κολοβός
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Main Target

The investigation and the evaluation of the bottled water parameters and their relation to the human health is the main target of this paper. Thirty three samples of bottled water were investigated and the quality parameters were compared according to the standards introduced by EC (instruction 80/778 - 15/07/80) of the drinking water. The physicochemical parameters include pH, conductivity, CI, S04, Si02, Ca, Mg, Na, Κ, F, total hardness and alkalinity.

scholarly journals Quality of Drinking Water from Springs in Palestine: West Bank as a Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azza Daghara ◽  
Issam A. Al-Khatib ◽  
Maher Al-Jabari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
The West ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The shortage of fresh water creates acute challenges in the West Bank of Palestine. Springs provide a main water resource in the West Bank. Investigating springs’ water quality is essential step for promoting their public use. The aim of this research is to assess the microbiological and physiochemical quality parameters of drinking water from springs. The study methodology included sampling through field work and laboratory testing for water quality parameters using standard procedures. The study area covered all locations containing licensed springs by the Palestinian Water Authority in the West Bank of Palestine. The number of collected samples was 127 covering 300 springs. The chemical, physical, and biological parameters for each sample were measured. Then, the obtained characteristics were evaluated based on national and international quality standards (PSI and WHO). The investigated parameters included temperature, pH, EC, total hardness, concentrations of nitrate, sodium ions, total chlorine, residual chlorine, turbidity, and total and faecal coliforms. Most of investigated physical and chemical parameters were within the acceptable standard limits. However, the turbidity and chloride and nitrate concentrations exceeded standard limits. The findings indicate that only a minor fraction of the samples (2%) requires chlorination treatment, while most of the springs (97% of samples) are classified as possessing no risk.

scholarly journals A Study on Groundwater Quality Based on Major Ion Chemistry of Jharkhand State in India: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 962-971
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Pramanik ◽  
Sandip Kumar Das ◽  
Abhik Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Ion Chemistry ◽  
Major Ion Chemistry ◽  
Major Ion ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Groundwater is prime and major source of drinking water in our world. Groundwater in Jharkhand is also used for drinking, domestic, irrigation, mining and industrial etc. purposes. In Jharkhand some population are suffering from scarcity of pure drinking water and some population have partial facility with drinking water as groundwater of many area of Jharkhand are contaminated with fluoride, arsenic, heavy metals and iron etc. dangerous chemicals. This review paper focuses on current status of groundwater and contamination of different water quality parameters based on major ion chemistry in Jharkhand. The discussed water quality parameters in this study are water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, chloride, fluoride, arsenic, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, nitrate and sulphate.

scholarly journals Limnology of lake Surinsar, Jammu, J&K: Part II – Water chemistry

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
D. Slathia ◽  
S. P. S. Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Detectable Limit

Water quality parameters viz. air temperature (15.21 0 C -36 0 C/16.71 0 C - 39.42 0 C), water temperature (13 0 C-32.42 0 C/15 0 C-32.8 0 C), depth (42cm-69.08cm/ 25cm-121.92cm), turbidity (3.88-46.27NTU/3.67-69.39 NTU), salinity (0.10-0.31ppt/ 0.10-0.37ppt), electrical conductivity (0.101-0.172mS/cm/0.114-0.279mS/cm), TDS (49.63-111.78 mg/l/57.64-177.01mg/l), pH (7.92-9.82/7.80-9.09), free CO2 (0-19.22mg/l/0-15.32mg/l), DO (6.82-9.90mg/l/4.65-9.40mg/l), carbonate (0-18.38mg/l/0-20.63mg/l), bicarbonate (60.99-170.70mg/l/77.62-168.70mg/l, chloride (7.41-12.35mg/l/9.59-19.60mg/l), calcium (6.85-38.50mg/l/11.81-140.49mg/l), magnesium (4.62-7.22mg/l/3.86-39.05mg/l), total hardness (40.29-125.50 mg/l/56.61-511.05mg/l), BOD (3.12-5.79mg/l/1.31-16.21 mg/l), COD (17.74-75.42 mg/l/ 26.57-73.03mg/l), sodium (14.2-22.5mg/l/12.2-30.9mg/l), potassium (1.83-4.17mg/l/2.25-6.21mg/l), phosphate (0.048-0.233mg/l/0.008-0.603mg/l), nitrate (0.13-1.3mg/l/0.11-4.08mg/l), sulphate (1.60-19.19mg/l/1.36-15.70mg/l), silicate (0.14-4.23mg/l/0.27-7.05mg/l), iron (0-0.65/0-0.40mg/l), copper (below detectable limit) and zinc (below detectable limit), of lake Surinsar-the only source of drinking water to the inhabitants of the Surinsar village, have been reported monthly, during the year 2002-03/2003-04. WQI range falls from poor (70.45, December; 73.55, October; 74.4, November and 74.56, September/ 74.52, January and 75.36, September), very poor(82.54, February; 89.25, May; 80.76, August and 78.86, January/ 80.89, February; 98.25, April; 80.03, June; 82.26, July; 86.55, October and 83.03, November) to unfit (100.44, June; 101.9, July; 103.86, April and 119.5, March/ 103.73, May; 108.28, March; 122.56, August and 103.72, December). Comparison of range of various water quality parameters of Surinsar lake water, with national and international standards has also revealed that most of these parameters are beyond permissible limits. This clearly indicates the unsuitability of raw water, generally consumed by local inhabitants, for human consumption.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Quality Assessment of Various Bottled Commercial Water Brands in Okada Town, Edo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
F. W. Ngubi ◽  
I. Eiroboyi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Health Organization

In this study, Physico-chemical assessment of some commercial drinking water sold in bottles in Okada Town was evaluated to ascertain their compliance with World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS): Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality threshold limits using standard analytical methods. Seven different bottled water samples obtained from different manufacturers labelled BWA to BWG were analyzed physically and chemically. Physical examination of the samples showed that they were odourless, colourless, and tasteless. Chemical quality parameters examined were pH, Chloride (Cl-), total hardness (TS), Phosphate (PHO3-), Nitrate (NO3-), Sulphate (SO42-), Iron (Fe), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, turbidity, and total suspended solids (TSS). The pH values of 57.1% of the water samples (BWA, BWB, BWC, BWE & BWF) were within the standards. The remaining chemical quality parameters (Cl-, TS, PHO3-, NO3-, Sulphate SO42-, Iron Fe, K, NA, Mn, Zn, TDS, Conductivity, turbidity, and TSS) of the branded bottled water samples were within the standards for clean and safe drinking. Therefore, they were considered safe and fit for human consumption. 

scholarly journals DESMIDS BIODIVERSITY IN FRESHWATER PONDS OF DISTRICT NAGAUR, WESTERN RAJASTHAN INDIA: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377
Author(s):  
Abhilasha Choudhary ◽  
◽  
Moolchand Mali ◽  
Ranveer Singh ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Freshwater Ponds ◽  
High Calcium

The present study was carried out to investigate the desmids biodiversity in traditional freshwater reservoirs of Nagaur district, Western Rajasthan, India. The samples were collected in January 2021 from the freshwater small ponds which harvests rainwater located in and around Nagaur city. These samples were analyzed by following the standard method prescribed by A.P.H.A for assessing the various physicochemical parameters such as pH, TDS, Fluoride, Nitrate, Chloride, total alkalinity, and total hardness to check drinking water quality and for ecological assessment. Furthermore desmids species-level identification and description have been done with the help of standard literatures and monographs. Results of physicochemical parameters indicate the deteriorating drinking water quality of all four sampling sites. In the present study total of 16 species belong to 5 genera i.e. Netrium, Closterium, Cosmerium, Staurastrum, and Eustrum of desmids have been recorded for the first time from the freshwater ponds located in or around the Nagaur city. The higher biodiversity of Closterium and Cosmarium species at Jhada talab confirm its significant relationship with high calcium and nutrient-rich water quality. While low biodiversity of desmids at remaining all village ponds indicates that high pH and oligotrophic quality decreases the desmids biodiversity. Results of this study might be helpful to assess the geographic distribution of desmids flora of Nagaur district and establish water quality of protected freshwater habitats as well as in updating the list of current species of desmids in this sub-region.

scholarly journals Assessment of groundwater quality and water table mapping of Bhaktapur Municipality

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Razim Ganesh ◽  
Rebika Koju ◽  
Raja Ram Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Kathmandu Valley

Water is necessary for all life on earth. Every living creature on the Earth depends on water for their survival; however the supply of water on Earth is limited. Groundwater, the important source of water supply to many people around the world, is accessed through stone spouts, springs, dug wells and infiltration galleries in and around Kathmandu Valley since ancient time. The extraction of groundwater in Kathmandu Valley is increasing day by day due to increase in population, haphazard urbanization and unplanned industrialization. Drinking water quality and quantity is one of the major issues which need to be taken seriously, since clean water and sanitation are human rights and essential to life. The present study aims to prepare water table map and groundwater quality map from unconfined aquifer of Bhaktapur Municipality. Geographic Information System (GIS) based groundwater table mapping for 472 samples were used. Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method was used for 86 samples for spatial interpolation of chemical indices. Surface maps are prepared for water quality parameters (pH, turbidity, conductivity, TDS, total hardness, iron, ammonia, nitrate, chloride, alkalinity and E-coli) in the GIS Software by interpolation between the available data. Water table elevation map shows that groundwater levels are shallow at wells located close to agricultural field. From the water quality mapping of the Bhaktapur Municipality, it is seen that the most of the water quality parameters are within the maximum permissible limit set by WHO and NDWQS. It is noted that quality of ground water in the study area exceeds Nepal drinking water quality standards on the basis of measured values of chloride, ammonia and nitrate in majority of wells. High concentration of chloride, ammonia and nitrate were found in most of water samples from the central part and in around the periphery of the municipality boundary, which may be due to infiltration of agricultural runoff and leaching of sewage pollutants.

scholarly journals Mineralization of Drinking Water as Indicator of Water Quality and Factor of the Influence to the Human Health

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Water Mineralization ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Purpose. The hygienic aspect of drinking water safety and quality can be defined by the indices of epidemic safety, sanitary, chemical and radiation indices, as well as the optimal content of mineral substances, i.e. a mineral composition adequate to the physiological need of a human body: total hardness, total alkalinity, the content of iodine, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, fluorine and solid residual (mineralization) Assessment of drinking water mineralization as indicator of water quality. Possible impact of mineralization level to the health of population in urbanized territories of Ukraine. Methods. Assessment of drinking water mineralization level is based on water supply organizations providing the investigations in the different urbanized territories of Ukraine. Results. The estimation of drinking water mineralization from surface and underground sources for water supply of local urbanized territories of Ukraine had been done. Also the analysis of water quality indicator in this content and possible influence on human health had been presented. Conclusions. Fluctuations of mineralization and indicators of the physiological usefulness of the mineral composition compared with the range of optimum had been marked as a distinguishing. After clearing underground waters in pumped-out complexes, their mineralization is usually reduced to an optimal value, but also significantly reduces the concentration of calcium, magnesium and other essential elements. Numerous literary indications indicate a connection between the level of mineralization (composition) of drinking water and the state of health of the population. There is a correlation between the level of mineralization (balance of mineral composition) of drinking water and human health. Long-term consumption of drinking water with an imbalance of essential mineral components can be one of the negative impacts on public health.

scholarly journals Water Quality Monitoring of Tigris River by Using (GIS)-Based Physicochemical ‎Parameters in Baghdad, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.37) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Nadia Nazhat Sabeeh ◽  
Waleed M. Sh. Alabdraba ◽  
Ghadah Hasan Mohamed ◽  
Zainab B. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Water quality deterioration has become an essential concern worldwide due to climatic ‎changes and increased pollution. As a result, the available drinking water supply resources‏ ‏will receive its ration of this deterioration. This study was conducted to monitor the water ‎quality of the Tigris River in eight different locations in Baghdad during the period ‎between 2005 and 2013. Water samples were collected and analyzed for fourteen ‎selected physicochemical parameters including alkalinity, total hardness (TH), turbidity, ‎total suspended solids (TSS), temperature, pH, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, electrical ‎conductivity (EC), chloride, calcium, magnesium, and sulfate. To show the spatial and ‎temporal variations of the selected parameters along the study area easily and objectively, ‎Geographical Information System maps (GIS maps) were used. Results showed that the ‎obtained values in winter of alkalinity, turbidity, electrical conductivity, and the ‎concentration of calcium, magnesium, sulfate, nitrite, phosphate, chloride, and total ‎suspended solids were higher as compared with the corresponding values in summer. On ‎the other hand, temperature, total hardness, pH, and nitrate values were higher in summer ‎as compared with the corresponding values in winter. The water quality of Tigris River ‎throughout the study period was within the permissible limits of the Iraqi standards for ‎drinking water.‎ 

scholarly journals Water quality parameters and incidence of fish diseases in some water bodies in Natore, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Delwar Hossain ◽  
M Kabil Hossain ◽  
M Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Fish Diseases ◽  
Monthly Variations

Monthly variations of the physicochemical parameters in some selected water bodies (12 Beels and 210 ponds) in Natore during July 2006 and June 2007 have been studied. The highest values for water temperature, alkalinity, ammonia, free CO2, DO, pH and total hardness in Beel waters were 31.5°C (May '07), 180ppm (January and February '07), 2.5ppm (September '06), 9.6ppm (April '07), 7.5ppm (January '07), 8.6 (December '06) and 190ppm (February '07), respectively and the lowest values were 15°C (February '07), 35ppm (October '06), 0.5ppm (December '06), 6.3ppm (January '07), 4.8ppm (April '07), 6.8 (September '06) and 50ppm (September '06), respectively. The highest and lowest values of these parameters in pond waters were 33°C (May '07), 200ppm (March'07), 2.3ppm (July '06), 9.3ppm (April '07), 7.5ppm (January '07), 8.6 (November '06) and 200ppm (February '07) respectively, and 17°C (December '06), 50ppm (October '06), 0.6ppm (December '06 and January '07), 6.4ppm (January '07), 5.0ppm (May '07), 6.2 (April '07) and 40ppm (September '06) respectively. Changing in water quality parameters resulted in a stress response in the fishes, making them more susceptible to parasitic attacks and diseases, many of them being fatal. Key words: Beels; ponds; water quality parameters; fish diseases DOI: 10.3329/jles.v2i2.7493 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 2(2) 27-30, 2007

Evaluation of Ground Water Quality For AL Shuwayja area –Wasit Provence Using GIS Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ali Nasser Hilo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Water Index ◽  
The City

The low level of water in rivers in Iraq leads to poor water quality, on that basis; we need to assess Iraq's water resources for uses of irrigation and drinking water. This study present a model accounts for ground water quality by using a water quality index (WQI) for the region defined between the city of Kut and the city of Badra in Wasit province. this study relies on a system of wells set up along the path through the Badra –Kut  and around it  up to 78 wells. The study showed poor quality of ground water in the region of study and it is unsuitability for irrigation and drinking water, as well as provided a solution to the water accumulated in the Shuwayja to reduce the bad effect on groundwater by using a system of branch and collection canals  then pumping at the effluent  of Al  Shuwayja in seasons of rainy season ..Water quality index calculated depend on the basis of various physic-chemical parameters as PH, Ec , TDS, TSS, Nacl , SO4 ,Na , and  Mg. The resultant and analytical are present with use of Arch GIS program – geostastical analysis for the water index and water quality parameters

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