scholarly journals Lubricant and Lubricant Additives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debashis Puhan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Automotive Engines ◽  
Lubricant Formulation ◽  
Drive Trains ◽  
Machine Elements

Lubricants have been used by humans for thousands of years in their simple machines such as wheel-axle bearings and sledges. Modern machines are much more complicated and are composed of many different machine elements which are in relative motion under varying loads, speeds and temperatures. Industrial lubricants are significant for all kinds of industries whether machine building, chemical, textile, wood, food-processing, automotive, or wind power. Today’s lubricants have evolved to a complex mixture of chemical structures that ensure not only lower friction but also provide various other functionality such as lower wear, improved heat transfer, sealing, as well as control of soot, impurities, sludge and deposit formation in the mechanical equipment. Lubricant research and development has become indispensable in automotive engines and drive trains as these have been rapidly advancing towards smaller sizes, increased power, better fuel economy and lesser emissions. Development of lubricant additives and lubricant formulation has led to extended service intervals, enhanced fuel efficiency and improved machine durability. Future trends of lubricant development and use in the Industry 4.0 era and rise of electric vehicles look promising where several stakeholders already have taken their first steps.

Prediction of the maximum nonseizure load of lubricant additives

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinliang Yu ◽  
Rimeng Zhan ◽  
Jiyong Deng ◽  
Xianwei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Qspr Model ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Backward Propagation

Lubricating additives can improve the lubricant performance of base oil in reducing friction and wear and minimizing loss of energy. It is of great significance to study the relationship between chemical structures and lubrication properties of lubricant additives. This paper reports a quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) model of the maximum nonseizure loads ([Formula: see text]) of 79 lubricant additives by applying artificial neural network (ANN) based on the algorithm of backward propagation of errors. Six molecular descriptors appearing in the multiple linear regression (MLR) model were used as vectors to develop the ANN model. The optimal condition of ANN with network structure of [6-4-1] was obtained by adjusting various parameters by trial-and-error. The root-mean-square (rms) errors from ANN model are [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) for the training set and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) for the test set, which are superior to the MLR results of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) for the training set and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) for the test set. Compared to the existing model for [Formula: see text], our model has better statistical quality. The results indicate that our ANN model can be applied to predict the [Formula: see text] values for lubricant additives.

Influence of lubricant formulation on rolling contact fatigue of gears – interaction of lubricant additives with fatigue cracks

Wear ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 382-383 ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit L’Hostis ◽  
Clotilde Minfray ◽  
Marion Frégonèse ◽  
Catherine Verdu ◽  
Benoit Ter-Ovanessian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Lubricant Formulation

Based on the PB Neural Network of Optimization Design in Lubricant Additives

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 218-222
Author(s):  
Zhuo Jun Chen ◽  
Long Long Feng
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Mass Percent ◽  
Forecast Precision ◽  
Lubricant Formulation ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
P Type

This article use the Sulphide Isobutene, Five Sulfides Dialkyl, and Star of Phosphorus as the additives, Neopentyl Polyol Ester (NPE) as base oil for screening lubricant formulation. The purpose of this article is screening the lubricant additives formula. Apply the BP neural network method in optimization design. Through the optimization of lubricant additive formula select the best formula for experiment. The selected best formula is Sulphide Isobutene 0.8%(mass percent), Five Sulfides Dialkyl 1.2%(mass percent) , Star of Phosphorus 1.6%(mass percent), relative error is 0.089.After validation experiment，it is conclusion that S-type blends with P-type additive use will acquire good result, and the method of optimal convergence faster, the forecast precision test is satisfied.

scholarly journals Chemical Diversity of Polyene Macrolides Produced by Streptomyces noursei ATCC 11455 and Recombinant Strain ERD44 with Genetically Altered Polyketide Synthase NysC

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 4120-4129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Bruheim ◽  
Sven E.F. Borgos ◽  
Pascale Tsan ◽  
Håvard Sletta ◽  
Trond E. Ellingsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Polyene Macrolides ◽  
Streptomyces Noursei ◽  
Culture Extract

ABSTRACT The gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces noursei ATCC 11455 produces a complex mixture of polyene macrolides generally termed nystatins. Although the structures for nystatins A1 and A3 have been reported, the identities of other components of the nystatin complex remain obscure. Analyses of the culture extract from the S. noursei wild type revealed the presence of several nystatin-related compounds for which chemical structures could be suggested on the basis of their molecular weights, their UV spectra, and knowledge of the nystatin biosynthetic pathway. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies with one of these polyene macrolides identified it as a nystatin analogue containing a mycarose moiety at C-35. A similar investigation was performed with the culture extract of the ERD44 mutant, which has a genetically altered polyketide synthase (PKS) NysC and which was previously shown to produce a heptaene nystatin analogue. The latter compound, tentatively named S44HP, and its derivative, which contains two deoxysugar moieties, were purified; and their structures were confirmed by NMR analysis. Nystatin analogues with an expanded macrolactone ring were also observed in the extract of the ERD44 mutant, suggesting that the altered PKS can “stutter” during the polyketide chain assembly. These data provide new insights into the biosynthesis of polyene macrolide antibiotics and the functionalities of PKSs and post-PKS modification enzymes.

Dynamic drive trains with high fuel efficiency

ATZ worldwide ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Martin Hrdlička ◽  
Vratislav Kozub ◽  
Peter Fanslau ◽  
Lutz Tilchner ◽  
Peter Kleine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
High Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Drive Trains

Technical and Commercial Considerations for the Application of Titanium in Automotive Engines

1994 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
P G Allen
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Vibration Reduction ◽  
Cost Benefits ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Reciprocating Engine ◽  
Automotive Engines ◽  
Processing Cost ◽  
Temperature Capability ◽  
Engine Components

Titanium alloys offer unique specific strength, fatigue and temperature capability characteristics. Substitution for steel in reciprocating engine components offers potential improvements in performance, vibration reduction and fuel efficiency. Issues such as alloy selection, processing, cost, benefits and demerits of using titanium for these components are addressed.

A review of physical vapor deposition coatings for rolling bearings

2021 ◽  
pp. 135065012110241
Author(s):  
Yansheng Ma ◽  
Jiangfeng Hu ◽  
Xuecheng Dong
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Bonding Layer ◽  
Rolling Bearings ◽  
Automotive Engines ◽  
Drive Trains ◽  
Early Failures ◽  
Turbine Drive

Rolling bearings are critical in automotive engines, wind turbine drive trains, and numerous other mechanical systems. Rolling bearings can suffer from early failures, which result in high operation and maintenance costs. Surface engineering techniques, such as the application of coatings and additives for lubricants have been developed to improve the tribological performance of rolling bearings. In this article, the performance of physical vapor deposition coatings on components working under rolling/sliding contacts and rolling bearings is reviewed. The applications of physical vapor deposition coatings in the rolling bearing industry are summarized. The effects of coating thickness, coating mechanical properties, test conditions, coating bonding layer, and coating architecture on coating performance are discussed. At the end of the article, possible approaches to further improve the performance of physical vapor deposition coatings on rolling bearings are proposed.

scholarly journals Anticancer activity of ylang-ylang essential oil in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma cell-treated mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5752-5762
Author(s):  
Ajay P Malgi ◽  
Vijaykumar P Rasal ◽  
Vishal Shivalingappa Patil ◽  
Priyanka P Patil ◽  
Shamanad P Mallapur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Ehrlich Carcinoma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Essential Components

Essential oils are secondary metabolites contains a complex mixture of with a diverse array of chemical structures, play a crucial role in the management of complex diseases like cancer via synergistic and antagonism effect. essential oil (YYEO) extracted from the flowers of Cananga is renowned forits fragrance, contained more than 150 essential components within it, and utilized in various diseases and cosmetics. Traditionally YYEO is being used as an aphrodisiac, , , antiseptic, in food and beverages as a fragrance agent. Due to the presence of a complex mixture of essential components in YYEO, we aimed the current study to assess the anticancer potential against Ehrlich Carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice. In antioxidant, growth, body weight, biochemical, , and serum estimation was evaluated with subsequent of the liver. 5- (5- FU) was used as a standard drug. YYEO showed potent antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. YYEO significantly reversed the , lymphocytes, WBC, and RBC numbers in the treated group compared with the disease control group. YYEO administration has restored the imbalanced levels of antioxidant such as MDA, GSH, and SOD activity. YYEO reversed the of the liver altered by the EAC in mice. In conclusion, a complex mixture of contained in YYEO could be the potent anticancer therapy in the future. Further studies are needed to identify the active principles and the mechanism involved in this activity.

LAND.TECHNIK AgEng 2019

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Drive Trains ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
Agricultural Tractors ◽  
Agricultural Tractor

Dieser VDI-Bericht ist ausschließlich als PDF-Dokument erschienen! Content half of it… Analysis of Drive Trains Model-Based Chiptuning Detection of Diesel Engines 1 M. Hinrichs, P. Pickel, John Deere GmbH, Kaiserslautern R. Isermann, Institute of Automatic Control, Darmstadt An Analysis of the Energy Consumption in the High-Pressure System of an Agricultural Tractor through Modeling and Experiment 9 X. Tian, A. Vacca, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; S. Fiorati, F. Pintore, CNH Industrial S.p.A, Modena, Italy Multi-Domain Simulation for the Assessment of the NVH Behaviour of a Tractor with Hydrostatic-Mechanical Power Split Transmission 19 G. Pasch, G. Jacobs, G. Höpfner, J. Berroth, Institute for Machine Elements and Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen Methods to evaluate steering performance of agricultural tractors 29 S. Liljenberg, M. Frederiksen, T. H. Langer, Danfoss Power Solutions, Nordborg, Denmark Tyres and Soil Soil pressure and pulling be...

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