Technical and Commercial Considerations for the Application of Titanium in Automotive Engines

1994 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
P G Allen
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Vibration Reduction ◽  
Cost Benefits ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Reciprocating Engine ◽  
Automotive Engines ◽  
Processing Cost ◽  
Temperature Capability ◽  
Engine Components

Titanium alloys offer unique specific strength, fatigue and temperature capability characteristics. Substitution for steel in reciprocating engine components offers potential improvements in performance, vibration reduction and fuel efficiency. Issues such as alloy selection, processing, cost, benefits and demerits of using titanium for these components are addressed.

scholarly journals Analysis and Research of the High-Cycle Fatigue Fracture Mode Based on Stress Ratio and Residual Stress of Ti-6Al-4V

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fu Wang ◽  
Jian-Jun Wang ◽  
Qin-Sheng Li ◽  
Guo-Zhu Ren ◽  
Xin-Jian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Stress Ratio ◽  
Small Deformation ◽  
Aircraft Fuselage ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
High Specific Strength ◽  
Processing Cost ◽  
Deformation Coefficient ◽  
Very High

The content of titanium is about 0.63% in the earth’s crust, and it ranks 10th among all elements. The content of titanium is next to the metal elements of aluminum, iron and magnesium, iron, and magnesium; titanium alloys have low density, high specific strength (the ratio of tensile strength to density), wide working range (−253°C–600°C), and excellent corrosion resistance melting point; the chemical activity of titanium alloy is very high, and it easily reacts with hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, so it is difficult to be smelted and processed, and the processing cost is high. Titanium alloys also have poor thermal conductivity (only 1/5 of iron and 1/15 of aluminum), small deformation coefficient, large friction coefficient, and other characteristics. They are widely used in aircraft fuselage, gas turbine, petrochemical, automotive industry, medical, and other fields for important parts.

Research Progress of the Surface Oxidation of Titanium and its Alloys

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 188-191
Author(s):  
Hui Jun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
High Specific Strength ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation

Titanium and titanium alloys possess some attractive properties, such as excellent corrosion and erosion resistance, low densities, high specific strength and modulus, enabling them extensively used in aeronautical, marine, chemical and biomedical applications and so on. Nevertheless, Recent years, the corrosion resistance of titanium and titanium alloys is required to elevate in some fields, proper surface modification such as surface oxidation can solve the problems effectively. In this paper, the recent investigations of thermal oxidation and micro-arc oxidation to improve the corrosion resistant of titanium and its alloys are reviewed. The structures, properties and their influence factors of the coatings are analysed systematically. And the existing problems and the future prospect of the further researches is mentioned.

scholarly journals Light-Weight Intermetallic Titanium Aluminides – Status of Research and Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Clemens ◽  
Wilfried Smarsly
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Titanium Aluminides ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
High Melting ◽  
High Melting Point ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Automotive Engines ◽  
High Temperature Materials ◽  
High Specific Strength

Development and processing of high-temperature materials is the key to technological progress in engineering areas where materials have to meet extreme requirements. Examples for such areas are the aerospace and automotive industries. New structural materials have to be stronger, stiffer and lighter to withstand the extremely demanding conditions in the next generation of aero- and automotive engines. Intermetallic -TiAl based alloys exhibit numerous attractive properties which meet these demands. These properties include high melting point, low density, high specific elastic modulus, good oxidation and burn resistance, and high specific strength up to application temperatures of 700 to 800°C. Thus, current -TiAl based alloys outperform advanced Ti-based alloys and have the potential to replace heavy Ni-based superalloys.

scholarly journals Alloys for Aeronautic Applications: State of the Art and Perspectives

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Gloria ◽  
Roberto Montanari ◽  
Maria Richetta ◽  
Alessandra Varone
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Flight Range ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
New Generation

In recent years, a great effort has been devoted to developing a new generation of materials for aeronautic applications. The driving force behind this effort is the reduction of costs, by extending the service life of aircraft parts (structural and engine components) and increasing fuel efficiency, load capacity and flight range. The present paper examines the most important classes of metallic materials including Al alloys, Ti alloys, Mg alloys, steels, Ni superalloys and metal matrix composites (MMC), with the scope to provide an overview of recent advancements and to highlight current problems and perspectives related to metals for aeronautics.

Phase Constitution and Heat Treatment Behavior of Low Cost Ti-Mn System Alloys

2013 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Ikeda ◽  
Masato Ueda ◽  
Kaoru Imaizumi ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Phase Constitution ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Fe Alloys ◽  
The Cost

This paper is a review of results for Ti-Mn [1], Ti-Mn-Al [2] and Ti-Mn-Fe [3] alloys that have been previously published. Titanium alloys, especially beta-type titanium alloys, have high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility. Unfortunately, applications of titanium alloys are limited by their relatively higher cost. One reason is the use of rare and expensive metallic elements, such as vanadium and molybdenum, as a beta stabilizer. In order to reduce the cost, inexpensive and abundantly available metallic elements should be used as beta stabilizers. Manganese was adopted as a beta stabilizer because it is an abundant metallic element in the Earth’s crust and is relatively low in cost. The heat treatment behavior of Ti-Mn, Ti-Mn-Al and Ti-Mn-Fe alloys was investigated through electrical resistivity and Vickers hardness measurements, X-ray diffraction measurements to identify phase constitution, and observations using a light microscope [1], [2] and [3].

An Experimental Investigation Into the High Speed Turning of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil K. Srivastava ◽  
Jon Iverson
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Layered Coatings ◽  
High Specific Strength ◽  
Cutting Speeds

Titanium and its alloys have seen increased utilization in military and aerospace applications due to combination of high specific strength, toughness, corrosion resistance, elevated-temperature performance and compatibility with polymer composite materials. Titanium alloys are difficult to machine due to their inherent low thermal conductivity and higher chemical reactivity with other materials at elevated temperatures. In general, temperature related machining difficulties are encountered at production speeds in the range of 60 m/min and high-speed machining of these alloys has created considerable interest to researchers, tool manufacturers and end users. This paper provides recent results obtained during turning operation with the aim of improving machinability of titanium alloys. Several tests have been conducted using (i) micro-edge prep geometry of the inserts, (ii) ultra-hard PVD coated, and (iii) nano-layered coated inserts and the effects of speeds and feeds during turning of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy are discussed. The initial tests have been conducted under orthogonal (2-D) cutting conditions with no coolant application. Based on these results, several oblique cutting (3-D) tests have been designed and conducted to study the effect of various types of ultra-hard and nano-layered coatings at higher cutting speeds under flooded coolant conditions. The effects of speed and feed on cutting force and tool wear are presented in this paper.

scholarly journals The influence of cooling techniques on cutting forces and surface roughness during cryogenic machining of titanium alloys

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Wstawska ◽  
Krzysztof Ślimak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Cryogenic Machining ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Titanium Machining ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Parameter Values

Abstract Titanium alloys are one of the materials extensively used in the aerospace industry due to its excellent properties of high specific strength and corrosion resistance. On the other hand, they also present problems wherein titanium alloys are extremely difficult materials to machine. In addition, the cost associated with titanium machining is also high due to lower cutting velocities and shorter tool life. The main objective of this work is a comparison of different cooling techniques during cryogenic machining of titanium alloys. The analysis revealed that applied cooling technique has a significant influence on cutting force and surface roughness (Ra parameter) values. Furthermore, in all cases observed a positive influence of cryogenic machining on selected aspects after turning and milling of titanium alloys. This work can be also the starting point to the further research, related to the analysis of cutting forces and surface roughness during cryogenic machining of titanium alloys.

scholarly journals A New Turbine for Natural Gas Pipelines

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (05) ◽  
pp. 72-74
Author(s):  
Jay M. Wilson ◽  
Henry Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Modular Concept ◽  
Power Turbine ◽  
Temperature Capability ◽  
Turbine Design

The new Cooper-Bessemer power turbine is a high-efficiency, center frame-mounted, three-stage unit that can be driven by either the existing RB211-24 gas generator or the new improved version. The upgraded gas generator combined with the new power turbine offers an increase in nominal output from 28.4 MW (38,000 hp) to 31.8 MW (42,600 hp). The new coupled turbine, now being tested, is called the Coberra 6761. Besides improving core engine performance, the program's objectives included improved fuel efficiency and reliability, and easier site serviceability; extension of the modular concept from the gas generator into the power turbine with improvements in sealing, materials, and temperature capability as well as interchangeability of both upgraded turbines with existing hardware. The Rolls-Royce industrial RB211 turbine, derived from an aircraft engine, is the basis for the gas generator end of Cooper Energy Services' Coberra coupled turbines. The power turbine design capacity has a significant effect on the power at a given speed. The flow capacity was optimized to achieve the best thermal efficiency and lower IP speeds to optimize IP compressor efficiency and permit future throttle push.

Influence of the composition of α-titanium alloys on thermal conductivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
I. A. Schastlivaya ◽  
V. P. Leonov ◽  
I. V. Tretyakov ◽  
A. Yu. Askinazi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
High Specific Strength ◽  
Heat Exchange Equipment ◽  
Materials Used

Among titanium alloys, modern α- and pseudo-α-alloys occupy a special place due to the unique combination of their mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, low density and high specific strength, which determines their effectiveness in various industries. Analysis of structural materials used for heat exchange equipment of nuclear power plants showed that the increase in the efficiency and compactness of tube systems made of a-titanium alloys is constrained by their thermal conductivity characteristic, which does not exceed 89 W/(m·K) at a temperature of 20°C. An exception is the VT1-0 grade alloy, the scope of which is limited to a maximum operating temperature of no more than 250°C. The paper considers the results of studies of a new titanium alloy of the Ti-Zr-Al-O composition with increased thermal conductivity for pipe systems of power equipment. 

INCREASING THE RELIABILITY OF FRICTION UNITS MADE OF TITANIUM ALLOYS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (142) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Egor O. Reshchikov ◽  
◽  
Il’ya V. Romanov ◽  
Roman N. Zadorozhniy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Graphite Electrode ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Friction Units ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

The most important advantages of titanium alloys over other structural materials are their high specific strength and heat resistance, combined with high corrosion resistance and low density. Despite all the positive characteristics of titanium alloys, their tribotechnical properties are very poor, which limits the use of these materials in moving joints. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the wear resistance and reliability of friction units made of titanium alloys by means of electric spark processing. (Materials and methods) For the study there was used samples of disks with a diameter of 60 and a thickness of 5 millimeters made of a hard alloy of the VT20 brand, an EIO "BIG-1M" installation, a Niton XL3t X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, a Surtronic profilometer, a TRB-S-DE-0000 tribometer, and an OLYMPUS GX51 microscope. (Results and discussion) Coatings were applied to samples made of titanium alloy by electric spark treatment with electrodes made of different materials. The tribotechnical characteristics of such coatings were studied in accordance with the ASTM G99 standard. It was found that the roughness of the samples after electric spark treatment significantly exceeds the roughness of the untreated sample. According to the results of the experiments, the most optimal electrode material was selected to increase the wear resistance of the surfaces of titanium alloys. The titanium alloy after electric spark treatment with a graphite electrode has a high wear resistance and a low coefficient of friction; graphite deposited on the surface of the sample does not form a strong coating, but plays the role of a solid lubricant that is gradually consumed during wear. (Conclusions) The surfaces obtained with the graphite electrode have the best wear resistance and the lowest friction coefficient.

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