scholarly journals Microbiological Indices for Diagnosis of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukirtee Chejara ◽  
Paras Kamboj ◽  
Y. V. Singh ◽  
Vikas Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Microbial Indices

Heavy metal contamination has gained popularity worldwide due to their persistent nature in the environment, on the top of that non-biodegradable nature makes its accumulation easy to toxic levels. Understanding the nature of contamination has become a major concern before heavy metals deteriorate the quality of soil; to diagnose heavy metal pollution suitable indices are required. Microbial indices gaining importance because of their sensitive nature towards change in surrounding, which is the imperative quality required to select microbes as environmental indicators. Albeit enough literature is present related to this topic but the information is scattered so role of this chapter is imperative. The chapter will be helpful for the reader to provide a thorough understanding of merits and demerits of microbiological indices for heavy metal contaminated and restituted soils. The changes in microbiological indices and their mechanism of response towards heavy metal stress are effectively summarized. Research gap and future needs of microbial diagnosis of heavy metal contaminated soils are discussed.

A brief Survey of Assessment models to Predict stress Level of Heavy Metals in Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Annam ◽  
Anshu Singla
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress

Abstract: Soil is a major and important natural resource, which not only supports human life but also furnish commodities for ecological and economic growth. Ecological risk has posed a serious threat to the ecosystem by the degradation of soil. The high-stress level of heavy metals like chromium, copper, cadmium, etc. produce ecological risks which include: decrease in the fertility of the soil; reduction in crop yield & degradation of metabolism of living beings, and hence ecological health. The ecological risk associated, demands the assessment of heavy metal stress levels in soils. As the rate of stress level of heavy metals is exponentially increasing in recent times, it is apparent to assess or predict heavy metal contamination in soil. The assessment will help the concerned authorities to take corrective as well as preventive measures to enhance the ecological and hence economic growth. This study reviews the efficient assessment models to predict soil heavy metal contamination.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Concentration in Contaminated Soils from Southern Part of Romania

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana FLORESCU ◽  
Andreea IORDACHE ◽  
Claudia SANDRU ◽  
Elena HORJ ◽  
Roxana IONETE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Contamination Of Soils

As a result of accidental spills or leaks, industrial wastes may enter in soil and in streams. Some of the contaminants may not be completely removed by treatment processes; therefore, they could become a problem for these sources. The use of synthetic products (e.g. pesticides, paints, batteries, industrial waste, and land application of industrial or domestic sludge) can result in heavy metal contamination of soils.

Primary Investigation and Analysis of Arsenic Contamination in Soil-Plant of Tin Mine in Gejiu

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 444-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Wei Xuan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Edible Parts ◽  
Remediation Of Soil

According to the primary study on the As contamination in soil and crops including potato and pea in tin tailings in Gejiu area, Yunnan Province, it has been found that concentrations of As in rhizosphere far exceed Chinese National Grade Ⅲ standard of soil environmental quality of China (GB 15618-1995). It also has been found that the Ferns were living in the tin tailings suffered from the contamination of heavy metals. Compared with the limit of national criteria for food sanitation in China, the concentrations of As in edible parts of ferns are 90 times. Therefore, the remediation of soil based on geochemical distribution characteristics of heavy metal in the tailings is demanded. And avoiding crops-planting in the tailings to reduce the diffusion of heavy metal contamination in food chain of mining area is necessary.

scholarly journals Ecological risk assessment of heavy metal-contaminated soils of selected villages in Zamfara State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharhabil Musa Yahaya ◽  
Fatima Abubakar ◽  
Nafiu Abdu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

AbstractThe incidence of heavy metal contamination in Zamfara State, northern Nigeria, due to artisanal mining in some villages has resulted in the pollution of a vast area of land and water. This study evaluated the extent of environmental risks caused by heavy metals. It involved five (5) villages (Bagega, Dareta, Sunke, Tunga, and Abare) where mining activities were taking place and Anka town with no record of mining activities served as control. In each of the five villages, three sites (3) were identified as a mining site, processing site, and village making a total of sixteen (16) sites. Bulked soil samples were collected in triplicate and analyzed for iron, lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, and nickel using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Measured concentrations of the heavy metals in soils were then used to calculate the pollution and ecological risk pose by heavy metals. Their concentrations were in the order Fe > Pb > Cr > Zn > Cd > Ni, with Pb and Cd having a concentration higher than permissible levels for soils and accounted for 98.64% of the total potential ecological risk. Also, all the different pollution indices examined showed that all the sites were polluted with Cd, and all the processing sites were polluted with Pb. This reveals that processing sites pose more risk to heavy metal contamination. Correlation analysis showed a highly significant (p < 0.001) positive correlation between Pb and Zn, Cr and Ni, and a significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation between Fe and Pb, Zn and Cr. The principal component analysis suggested that Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni likely originated from the same source, i.e., mining activities, and Fe and Cd originated from the abundant parent material in the study area.

scholarly journals The environmental risk of storing vehicles over the soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Cleyton Nascimento Makara ◽  
Larissa Kummer ◽  
Maurici Luzia Charnevski Del Monego
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Random Surface ◽  
Surface Distribution

Automotive vehicles are a potential source of heavy metal contamination of the soil due to their lead-acid batteries and the use of metals in their structure and paint pigments. Understanding the characteristics of heavy metal soil contamination and identifying their environmental exposure provides important information for making decisions regarding remediation of contaminated soils. The objective of the present work was to evaluate metal contamination (Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu e Cr) in 35 soil samples (fraction<2 mm). The samples were collected from two unpaved/unsealed storage areas used by the Highway Patrol (Polícia Rodoviária Federal - PRF) for storing apprehended vehicles, one located in Araucária (AR) and one Colombo (CL), in the metropolitan region of Curitiba/PR, Brazil. Assays were performed to determine organic carbon (OC) and pH. For analysis of metals, the samples were prepared by acid digestion (method EPA 3050-B) and measured by ICP-OES. The results were evaluated according to Resolution CONAMA 420, geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF) and Pearson correlation analysis. The textural composition of the soil at AR and CL reflect a high degree of heterogeneity and distinct chemical and physical characteristics. The AR site had a higher level of sand and a more acidic pH than CL, and concentrations of the analyzed elements between prevention and investigation values according to Resolution CONAMA 420/2009. The CL site had a higher concentration of clay and OC, and a less acidic pH than AR. Only one collected point at CL had a concentration of Cu above the prevention value. In both AR and CL, the element Cd was below detectability with methodology employed. The spatial distribution of the cars associated with the soil texture and the analyzed elements exhibited a random surface distribution of elements. The OC content, soil pH and texture associated with Igeo, CF and Pearson correlation suggests that both environments suffer an input of metals at different points. The input of heavy metals from stored vehicles and the possible anthropogenic impact on the soil is evident.

Spectrometric analyses in comparison to the physiological condition of heavy metal stressed floodplain vegetation in a standardised experiment

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Götze ◽  
András Jung ◽  
Ines Merbach ◽  
Rainer Wennrich ◽  
Cornelia Gläßer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Floodplain Vegetation

AbstractFloodplain ecosystems are affected by flood dynamics, nutrient supply as well as anthropogenic activities. Heavy metal pollution poses a serious environmental challenge. Pollution transfer from the soil to vegetation is still present at the central location of Elbe River, Germany. The goal of this study was to assess and separate the current heavy metal contamination of the floodplain ecosystem, using spectrometric field and laboratory measurements. A standardized pot experiment with floodplain vegetation in differently contaminated soils provided the basis for the measurements. The dominant plant types of the floodplains are: Urtica dioica, Phalaris arundinacea and Alopecurus pratensis, these were also chemically analysed. Various vegetation indices and methods were used to estimate the red edge position, to normalise the spectral curve of the vegetation and to investigate the potential of different methods for separating plant stress in floodplain vegetation. The main task was to compare spectral bands during phenological phases to find a method to detect heavy metal stress in plants. A multi-level algorithm for the curve parameterisation was developed. Chemo-analytical and ecophysiological parameters of plants were considered in the results and correlated with spectral data. The results of this study show the influence of heavy metals on the spectral characteristics of the focal plants. The developed method (depth CR1730) showed significant relationship between the plants and the contamination.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Contamination of Roadside Soils of Northern England

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Khalid Farooq ◽  
Hale Wiliam HG ◽  
Athar Alistair D Headley and Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Road Verge ◽  
Mean Concentration

Environmental pollution of heavy metals from automobiles has attained much attention in the recent past. The present research was conducted to study heavy metal contamination in roadside soils of northern England. Roadside soil samples were collected from 35 sites in some counties of northern England and analysed for four heavy metals (cadmium, copper, lead, zinc). Their concentrations and distributions in different road verge zones (border, verge, slope, ditch) were determined. Lead concentration was the highest in the soil and ranged from 25.0 to 1198.0 &mu;g/g (mean, 232.7 &mu;g/g). Zinc concentration ranged from 56.7 to 480.0 &mu;g/g (mean, 174.6 &mu;g/g) and copper concentration ranged from 15.5 to 240.0 &mu;g/g (mean, 87.3 &mu;g/g). Cadmium concentration was the lowest in the soil and varied from 0.3 to 3.8 &mu;g/g (mean, 1.4 &mu;g/g). Though the levels of heavy metals in roadside soils were higher as compared to their natural background levels in British soils, their concentrations in general, however, were below the &lsquo;critical trigger concentrations&rsquo; for the contaminated soils. All the four heavy metals exhibited a significant decrease in the roadside soils with the increasing distance from the road. The border zone had the highest mean concentration of the four metals whereas the ditch zone exhibited the lowest mean concentration.

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