scholarly journals Understanding the Mechanism of Action of Indigenous Target Probiotic Yeast: Linking the Manipulation of Gut Microbiota and Performance in Animals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakira Ghazanfar
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Probiotic Yeast ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Function

The gut associated microbiota of animal plays crucial rule in the conversion to accessible nutrients for improve animal health and well-beings. Probiotic yeast (PY) is commonly use to manipulate the gut microbial balance by inhibits the disease-causing microbes and increase the number and function of desirable microbes. PY produce many fermentation metabolites, intercellular effectors, minerals and enzymes that make it an idea nutritive feed supplement for ruminants. The mode of action of the PY is depends on the animal biological inheritance, breed, managemental condition and microbial feeding type. Therefore, PY must formulate using same ecological origin, alone with desirable target; as it would be more compatible with gut ecoysytem and would yield maximum outputs as compare to non-target or foreign probiotic (FP). Therefore, for development of the Indigenous Target Probiotic (ITP), the isolation source must be same ecological region with desirable target like improve animal health and productivity. In the situation of the increase food storage around the world, ITP may provide a useful feed supplements to improve the food production in cost effective manner as compare to FP. Probiotic effectiveness is considered to be population/breed/target specific due to difference in the feed intake, change gut microflora, different food habits and different host-microbial interactions. In this chapter, we will highlight the preparation of the ITP yeast and its mode of action on animal gut microbiota.

Implementing Corporate Distance Training Using Change Management, Strategic Planning and Project Management

2000 ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zane L. Berge ◽  
Donna L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Change Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Technology Enhanced Learning ◽  
Distance Training ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
And Performance

As businesses expand to become more globally competitive, their needs grow to train geographically dispersed employees in a cost- effective manner. What must businesses do to implement distance education? An important role of the training and performance specialists in business is to help management solve complex problems within an organization. Still, distance education is usually not accomplished by a single group within an organization, nor through a single process. To change the way training is done, performance managers must use what is known about change management, strategic planning and project management in order to successfully implement technology-enhanced learning globally. One of the methods being used increasingly in the workplace is distance training.

Implementing Corporate Distance Training Using Change Management, Strategic Planning and Project Management

2011 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Zane L. Berge ◽  
Donna L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Change Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Technology Enhanced Learning ◽  
Distance Training ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
And Performance

As businesses expand to become more globally competitive, their needs grow to train geographically dispersed employees in a cost- effective manner. What must businesses do to implement distance education? An important role of the training and performance specialists in business is to help management solve complex problems within an organization. Still, distance education is usually not accomplished by a single group within an organization, nor through a single process. To change the way training is done, performance managers must use what is known about change management, strategic planning and project management in order to successfully implement technology-enhanced learning globally. One of the methods being used increasingly in the workplace is distance training.

Ensuring Data Integrity Scheme Based on Digital Signature and Iris Features in Cloud

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Salah H. Abbdal ◽  
Thair A. Kadhim ◽  
Zaid Ameen Abduljabbar ◽  
Zaid Alaa Hussien ◽  
Ali A. Yassin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signature ◽  
Iris Recognition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Identity Verification ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Verification Systems

Cloud computing is a novel paradigm that allows users to remotely access their data through web- based tools and applications. Later, the users do not have the ability to monitor or arrange their data. In this case, many security challenges have been raised. One of these challenges is data integrity. Contentiously, the user cannot access his data directly and he could not know whether his data is modified or not. Therefore, the cloud service provider should provide efficient ways for the user to ascertain whether the integrity of his data is protected or compromised. In this paper, we focus on the problem of ensuring the integrity of data stored in the cloud. Additionally, we propose a method which combines biometric and cryptography techniques in a cost-effective manner for data owners to gain trust in the cloud. We present efficient and secure integrity based on the iris feature extraction and digital signature.  Iris recognition has become a new, emergent approach to individual identification in the last decade. It is one of the most accurate identity verification systems. This technique gives the cloud user more confidence in detecting any block that has been changed. Additionally, our proposed scheme employs user’s iris features to secure and integrate data in a manner difficult for any internal or external unauthorized entity to take or compromise it. Iris recognition is an internal organ that is well protected against damage and wear by a highly transparent and sensitive membrane. Extensive security and performance analysis show that our proposed scheme is highly efficient and provably secure.

scholarly journals 65 Health, management, and future directions for indoor cattle feeding facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Adam L Shreck
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
New Development ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Side Walls ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The use of soil-surfaced pens with limited over-head or enclosed structures have declined in popularity in the Midwest over the last few decades. Various facility types that utilize complete or partial concrete flooring and side walls have increased in popularity. These changes are driven by 1) readily observable impacts that precipitation and pen conditions have on cattle performance and cost of gain and 2) continual pressure to be compliant with environmental regulations. Cost of indoor cattle feeding facilities can easily approach 2-4x the cost of soil-surfaced pens but for many, such pens are not an option. Management of production and animal health varies within these facilities and likely interacts with cattle types and their associated mortality risk. Direct animal health and performance comparisons among facility types are incredibly difficult to perform due to the multiple confounders (diet, risk, cattle type) that usually exist. Morbidity that frequently occurs in enclosed systems typically revolves around management of papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD), foot and leg issues, and stiffness in cattle. Rolled compacted concrete (RCC) has been a new development that may provide a cost-effective option to curb mud in traditionally soil-surfaced facilities. RCC may also substantially reduce the cost of enclosed facilities that rely on traditional concrete.

scholarly journals Curating Local Knowledge: Experimental Evidence from Small Retailers in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio S Dalton ◽  
Julius Rüschenpöhler ◽  
Burak Uras ◽  
Bilal Zia
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Behavioral Constraints ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Outstanding Question

Abstract Business practices and performance vary widely across businesses within the same sector. A key outstanding question is why profitable practices do not readily diffuse. We conduct a field experiment among urban retailers in Indonesia to study whether alleviating informational and behavioral frictions can facilitate such diffusion in a cost-effective manner. Through quantitative and qualitative fieldwork, we curate a handbook that associates locally relevant practices with performance, and provides idiosyncratic implementation guidance informed by exemplary local retailers. We complement this handbook with two light-touch interventions to facilitate behavior change. A subset of retailers is invited to a documentary movie screening featuring the paths to success of exemplary peers. Another subset is offered two 30 minute personal visits by a local facilitator. A third group is offered both. Eighteen months later, we find significant impacts on practice adoption when the handbook is coupled with the two behavioral nudges, and up to a 35% increase in profits and 16.7% increase in sales. These findings suggest both informational and behavioral constraints are at play. The types of practices adopted map the performance improvements to efficiency gains rather than other channels. A simple cost-benefit analysis shows such locally relevant knowledge can be codified and scaled successfully at relatively low cost.

scholarly journals Emerging interactions between diet, gastrointestinal helminth infection, and the gut microbiota in livestock

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Williams ◽  
Laura J. Myhill ◽  
Sophie Stolzenbach ◽  
Peter Nejsum ◽  
Helena Mejer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
And Function

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that nutritional manipulation of the commensal gut microbiota (GM) may play a key role in maintaining animal health and production in an era of reduced antimicrobial usage. Gastrointestinal helminth infections impose a considerable burden on animal performance, and recent studies suggest that infection may substantially alter the composition and function of the GM. Here, we discuss the potential interactions between different bioactive dietary components (prebiotics, probiotics and phytonutrients) and helminth infection on the GM in livestock. A number of recent studies suggest that host diet can strongly influence the nature of the helminth-GM interaction. Nutritional manipulation of the GM may thus impact helminth infection, and conversely infection may also influence how the GM responds to dietary interventions. Moreover, a dynamic interaction exists between helminths, the GM, intestinal immune responses, and inflammation. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying the diet-GM-helminth axis will likely inform future helminth control strategies, as well as having implications for how health-promoting feed additives, such as probiotics, can play a role in sustainable animal production.

scholarly journals An open access dataset for developing automated detectors of Antarctic baleen whale sounds and performance evaluation of two commonly used detectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. Miller ◽  
◽  
Naysa Balcazar ◽  
Sharon Nieukirk ◽  
Emmanuelle C. Leroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
Spatiotemporal Trends ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Fin Whales ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Signal Processing Methods

AbstractSince 2001, hundreds of thousands of hours of underwater acoustic recordings have been made throughout the Southern Ocean south of 60° S. Detailed analysis of the occurrence of marine mammal sounds in these circumpolar recordings could provide novel insights into their ecology, but manual inspection of the entirety of all recordings would be prohibitively time consuming and expensive. Automated signal processing methods have now developed to the point that they can be applied to these data in a cost-effective manner. However training and evaluating the efficacy of these automated signal processing methods still requires a representative annotated library of sounds to identify the true presence and absence of different sound types. This work presents such a library of annotated recordings for the purpose of training and evaluating automated detectors of Antarctic blue and fin whale calls. Creation of the library has focused on the annotation of a representative sample of recordings to ensure that automated algorithms can be developed and tested across a broad range of instruments, locations, environmental conditions, and years. To demonstrate the utility of the library, we characterise the performance of two automated detection algorithms that have been commonly used to detect stereotyped calls of blue and fin whales. The availability of this library will facilitate development of improved detectors for the acoustic presence of Southern Ocean blue and fin whales. It can also be expanded upon to facilitate standardization of subsequent analysis of spatiotemporal trends in call-density of these circumpolar species.

Bench-Scale Pig Buildings: Validation of a Model for Studying Airborne Contaminants of Concern for Human and Animal Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-548
Author(s):  
Valérie Létourneau ◽  
Caroline Duchaine ◽  
Martin Belzile ◽  
Matthieu Girard ◽  
Stéphane P. Lemay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Airborne Contaminants ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Finishing Pig

HighlightsBench-scale pig buildings are suitable for studying airborne contaminants of commercial pig buildings.Multi-replicate designed experiments are possible using bench-scale pig buildings (experimental chambers).Strategies to reduce airborne contaminants may be developed in a timely and cost-effective way using the chambers.Abstract. Pig buildings produce and emit large amounts of airborne contaminants into the environment. Odors, gases, dust, and bioaerosols are responsible for the emergence of infectious, toxic, and inflammatory diseases diagnosed in animals, workers, and surrounding communities. There is therefore a need for better characterization and mitigation of airborne contaminants in commercial pig buildings. Bench-scale pig buildings could be used for the development and evaluation of reduction strategies for airborne contaminants in a timely and cost-effective manner before scaling them up for commercial use. Six bench-scale pig buildings were designed for growing animals (commercial diet and fully slatted concrete floor) and for producing odors, gases, dust, and bioaerosols from various sources (e.g., feed, manure) and animal activities. The validation of the six identical, environmentally controlled, independently ventilated and sealed bench-scale pig buildings (7.1 m3, 42 air changes per hour) is reported here. The validation implied inter-building and longitudinal (between week) comparisons of concentrations of airborne contaminants. Environmental conditions, methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), and airborne microorganisms (total bacteria and archaea, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus spp., and Escherichia coli) were monitored for seven weeks in the six bench-scale pig buildings. The experiment was repeated three times. From week to week, data analysis showed that environmental conditions, gases, odors, and airborne microbial concentrations were non-statistically different between buildings. By the end of the seven-week experiment, concentrations of N2O, NH3, Enterococcus, E. coli, and archaea were higher than during week 1 in all buildings (p < 0.05). Airborne gases, odors, and microbial concentrations were equivalent to those found during the Canadian summer in commercial finishing pig buildings. In conclusion, the designed bench-scale pig buildings may serve for multi-replicate experiments and for studying airborne contaminants found in commercial pig buildings. Keywords: Airborne contaminant, Bioaerosols, Dust, Gas, Odor, Pig building.

The Importance of Nanomedicine in Prophylactic and Theranostic Intervention of Bacterial Zoonoses and Reverse Zoonoses in the Era of Microbial Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 3404-3452
Author(s):  
Minakshi Prasad ◽  
Mayukh Ghosh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Basanti Brar ◽  
K. P. Surjith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Microbial Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Health Concept

Emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR), extensively drug resistance (XDR) and pandrug resistance (PDR) strains of bacteria in communicable diseases of zoonotic and reverse zoonotic importance is the major hurdle of one health concept. Increasing level of resistance against antibiotics among bacterial population throughout the world, slow pace of new antibacterial drug discovery and enhanced pace of resistance development by pathogenic bacteria possess major challenges for human and animal health as well as life in future. Alternative management strategy in terms of improved prophylactic vaccine; early, easy and effective diagnostics and therapeutic drugs against those resistant bacteria is the need of the hour. In this context nanomedicine can fit into the multifaceted demands as an effective prophylactic and theranostic alternative to control the communicable diseases in a cost effective manner in the era of microbial resistance. The current review is focused towards delineating the application of nanomaterials as vaccine or drug delivery system, diagnostics and directly acting antimicrobial therapeutic agents in combating the important zoonotic and reverse zoonotic bacterial diseases in recent scenario along with their potential benefits, limitations and future prospects to formulate successful eradication strategies.

scholarly journals Genome-resolved metagenomics suggests a mutualistic relationship between Mycoplasma and salmonid hosts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Agerbo Rasmussen ◽  
Kasper Rømer Villumsen ◽  
David A. Duchêne ◽  
Lara Christine Puetz ◽  
Tom O. Delmont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Population Interaction ◽  
And Function

Abstract Salmonids are important sources of protein for a large proportion of the human population. Interaction between the gut microbiota and host has been shown to affect the host phenotype in mammals, but relatively little is known about microbiota-host interaction in fish. Mycoplasma species are a major constituent of the gut microbiota of salmonids, often representing the majority of microbial cells. Despite the frequent reported dominance of intestinal Mycoplasma species, very little is known about their phylogenetic placement, functions and potential evolutionary relationships with their salmonid hosts.In this study, we utilise 2.9 billion metagenomic reads generated from 12 samples from three different salmonid host species to I) characterise and curate the first metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Mycoplasma dominating the intestines of three different salmonid species, II) establish the phylogeny of these salmonid candidate Mycoplasma species using known Mycoplasma genomes, III) perform a comprehensive pangenomic analysis of Mycoplasma, IV) decipher the putative functionalities of the salmonid MAGs and reveal specific functions expected to benefit the host.Our data provide a basis for future studies examining the composition and function of the salmonid microbiota, with a potential for being further exploited in order to increase animal health and growth in aquaculture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document