scholarly journals 65 Health, management, and future directions for indoor cattle feeding facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Adam L Shreck
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
New Development ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Side Walls ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The use of soil-surfaced pens with limited over-head or enclosed structures have declined in popularity in the Midwest over the last few decades. Various facility types that utilize complete or partial concrete flooring and side walls have increased in popularity. These changes are driven by 1) readily observable impacts that precipitation and pen conditions have on cattle performance and cost of gain and 2) continual pressure to be compliant with environmental regulations. Cost of indoor cattle feeding facilities can easily approach 2-4x the cost of soil-surfaced pens but for many, such pens are not an option. Management of production and animal health varies within these facilities and likely interacts with cattle types and their associated mortality risk. Direct animal health and performance comparisons among facility types are incredibly difficult to perform due to the multiple confounders (diet, risk, cattle type) that usually exist. Morbidity that frequently occurs in enclosed systems typically revolves around management of papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD), foot and leg issues, and stiffness in cattle. Rolled compacted concrete (RCC) has been a new development that may provide a cost-effective option to curb mud in traditionally soil-surfaced facilities. RCC may also substantially reduce the cost of enclosed facilities that rely on traditional concrete.

scholarly journals ANN-Based Decision Making in Station Keeping for Geotechnical Drilling Vessel

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Murugan Ramasamy ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Hannan ◽  
Yaseen Adnan Ahmed ◽  
Arun Kr Dev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Station Keeping ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors

Offshore vessels (OVs) often require precise station-keeping and some vessels, for example, vessels involved in geotechnical drilling, generally use Spread Mooring (SM) or Dynamic Positioning (DP) systems. Most of these vessels are equipped with both systems to cover all ranges of water depths. However, determining which system to use for a particular operational scenario depends on many factors and requires significant balancing in terms of cost-benefit. Therefore, this research aims to develop a platform that will determine the cost factors for both the SM and DP station-keeping systems. Operational information and cost data are collected for several field operations, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are trained using those data samples. After that, the trained ANN is used to predict the components of cost for any given environmental situation, fieldwork duration and water depth. Later, the total cost is investigated against water depth for both DP and SM systems to determine the most cost-effective option. The results are validated using two operational scenarios for a specific geotechnical vessel. This decision-making algorithm can be further developed by adding up more operational data for various vessels and can be applied in the development of sustainable decision-making business models for OVs operators.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Home Care for Stroke Patients Compared to Hospital Care: A Systematic Review

Health Scope ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Khoramrooz ◽  
Asra Asgharzadeh ◽  
Saeide Alidoost ◽  
Zeynab Foroughi ◽  
Saber Azami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
The Cost

Context: Stroke is one of the main causes of premature death and disability, imposing significant costs on the healthcare system, especially due to expensive hospital care. Home care service is one of the interventions used in the last two decades to reduce the cost of services provided for stroke patients in different countries. Objectives: The present study aimed to systematically review studies related to the economic evaluation of home care compared to hospital care for stroke patients. Data Sources: A search was conducted between January 1990 and January 2021. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched systematically. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to select the studies. Data Extraction: To evaluate the quality of studies included in this systematic review, Drummond’s ten-item checklist was used. Results: Five economic evaluation studies were included in this review. The included studies reported different results regarding the effect of home care on improving different indicators and the cost-effectiveness ratio of home care to hospital care. Most previous studies reported that home care is a more cost-effective option for improving many indicators, such as physical function and quality-adjusted life years (QALY), and for reducing mortality and institutionalization, compared to hospital care. Conclusions: Home care is a more cost-effective option than hospital care for stroke patients with regard to some indicators, such as the Barthel index for Activities of Daily Living, Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), quality of life, mortality, and institutionalization. However, there are some exemptions to this conclusion. Due to limitations, such as heterogeneity of interventions in the existing studies, different levels of patients’ disabilities, different perspectives toward economic evaluation, and differences in the healthcare systems of countries, further research is needed according to the context of each country based on clinical trials.

Economic Evaluation of Kidney Transplantation versus Hemodialysis in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease in Hungary

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kaló ◽  
Jeno Járay ◽  
Júlia Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Hungarian Population ◽  
Cadaveric Kidney ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Cost

Background— Kidney transplantation is generally acknowledged as the more clinically effective and more cost-effective option in managing patients with end-stage renal disease, compared with dialysis. This study looked for confirmatory evidence in a Hungarian population. Methods— Patients (n = 242) with end-stage renal disease who received cadaveric kidney transplantation during 1994 were followed up for 3 years. They were compared with patients (n = 840) receiving hemodialysis who were on a waiting list for transplantation. Data were collected retrospectively. Treatments were compared for clinical efficacy and for cost-effectiveness. Results— At month 36, the standard mortality hazard function was 3.5 times higher in the group receiving hemodialysis ( P<.0001) than in the transplant recipients. Average treatment costs per patient over the 3 years were also significantly higher ( P<.0001) in the hemodialysis group than in the group that received transplants. The cost of 1 year gained by transplantation was significantly less ( P<.0001) than the cost associated with hemodialysis. Conclusions— Compared with hemodialysis, kidney transplantation provides greater survival benefits to patients with end-stage renal disease, at less cost.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Cost-Effectiveness of an Industrial Natural Gas Cogeneration Facility in a Regulated Electric Utility Environment

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Bedley
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Electric Industry ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
The Cost

Since Congress enacted the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) in 1978, the electric utility industry has experienced many significant changes — legal, structural and technical. For purposes of this discussion, one of the more important changes that resulted was the installation of substantial electric generating capacity via “cogeneration” at industrial facilities nationwide. PURPA defined, and created by law, entities known as “qualifying facilities” or “QFs”, and established a framework in which they were allowed to compete with utilities in both the wholesale electric market (by sales for resale) and retail electric markets (by self-generation). The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct92) took PURPA one step further, allow additional entities — such as Exempt Wholesale Generators (EWG), marketers and brokers — to participate in the wholesale electric markets, forever changing the once monopolistic structure of the electric industry. Importantly, from a legal, structural and technical standpoint, QFs continue to enjoy advantages over other generators - both utility and non-utility. The legal and structural framework continue to favor QFs and technically, the equipment available for cogeneration facilities is significantly more efficient, reliable and environmentally friendly than in the past. Cogeneration can be a very cost-effective option for large energy users, providing in many instances the only alternative to purchasing electricity from the monopoly utility. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals ANN-Based Decision Making in Station Keeping for Geotechnical Drilling Vessel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murugan Ramasamy ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Hannan ◽  
Yaseen Adnan Ahmed ◽  
Arun Kr Dev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Station Keeping ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors

Offshore vessels (OVs) often requires precise station-keeping and some vessels, for example, vessel involves in geotechnical drilling generally use Spread Mooring (SM) or Dynamic Positioning (DP) systems. Most of these vessels are equipped with both systems to cover all ranges of water depths. However, determining which systems to use for a particular operational scenario depends on many factors and requires significant balancing in terms of cost-benefit. Therefore, this research aims to develop a platform that will determine the cost factors for both the SM and DP station keeping systems. Operational information and cost data are collected for several field operations, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is trained using those data samples. After that, the trained ANN is used to predict the components of cost for any given environmental situation, fieldwork duration and water depth. Later, the total cost is investigated against water depth for both DP and SM systems to determine the most cost-effective option. The results are validated using two operational scenarios for a specific geotechnical vessel. This decision-making algorithm can be further developed by adding up more operational data for various vessels and can be applied in the development of sustainable decision-making business models for OVs operators.

175 GPS Tracking Collars and Accelerometers Provide Detailed Tracking of Foraging Behavior and Space Use in Grazing Steers in Bermudagrass and Tall Fescue Pasture

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 95-96
Author(s):  
Ira L Parsons ◽  
Brandi B Karisch ◽  
Stephen L Webb ◽  
Amanda E Stone ◽  
Cassidy C Catrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Day Range ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Previous research in feedlot studies has demonstrated that cattle feeding behavior is driven by internal metabolic processes and external environmental stimuli and serves as an indicator of animal health, nutritional status, and growth and feed quality and availability. However, technology has only recently allowed measurement of foraging behavior in grazing cattle. Objectives of this study were to measure frequency and duration of foraging bouts, meals, and total distance traveled during meals in grazing steers. The study was conducted as part of a larger grazing study on a 10-hectare Bermudagrass and Tall Fescue pasture, overseeded with Annual Ryegrass, located at the HH Leveck Animal Research Center, Mississippi State, MS. Using tri-axial accelerometers and GPS information from 10 crossbred steers, we examined foraging and meal bout frequency and duration and distance and speed traveled per meal for the period of March 2019. Observed animal behavior was used to train a randomforest model to predict foraging behavior, with model accuracy and sensitivity of 0.95 and 0.93, respectively. We found individual foraging bouts occurred on average 2,849 bouts per day and took on average 5.0 ± 1.8 min (range: 3–9 min), and that steers fed on average 205 ± 52.8 min/day (range: 120–270 min/day). Steers had an average of 9.5 ± 2.9 meals/day, that took on average, 89.3 ± 93.9 min/meal (range: 0.5–938.5 min/meal). Steers traveled an average of 412.4 ± 93.9 meters per meal, with an average foraging speed between 0 and 0.63 m/s. Traveling distance while foraging was positively correlated with meal length (0.83, P &lt; 0.01) and foraging speed (0.70, P &lt; 0.01). These results show that cattle grazing behavior can be accurately quantified in grazing cattle and warrants further research to examine associations between animal efficiency and performance, forage quality, and pasture management.

On the issue of rational use of production areas in the enterprise

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
A. N. Ovchinnikov ◽  
G. E. Ganina
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Linear Programming ◽  
Linear Programming Problem ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tape Transport ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Assembly Site

This paper considers the problem of uneven loading of the enterprise's production areas, when in the first half of the year they were significantly underutilized, and in the second — considerably overloaded. The result of solving this problem is to create a flexible approach to the planning of production areas, for which a mathematical model of the assembly site has been developed. This model is a linear programming problem. Four options were considered. The cost-effective option is to fulfill all orders in one shift and gradually rent the premises throughout the year. It can be noted that in general, it is more profitable to make absolutely all orders than not to make them — this is due to the high cost of equipment, so it is not possible to sacrifice it. The only exception when it is more profitable not to make part of the orders is if the rental of production areas occurs only at the beginning of the year. In the conditions that are now in the enterprise (one cannot rent areas per year, work in one shift), it is most profitable not to make part of the orders, and this option will be the second in total costs. As a result, a mathematical model of the enterprise was obtained, which can be used on tape transport system to assess the capabilities of the enterprise. This model can be used to obtain forecast values for costs. Further, this model can be extended to all other types of products.

Smart Grid in California: The Value of Energy Storage and Permanent Load Shifting

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Sreedharan ◽  
David Miller
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Load Shifting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Permanent Load ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Flexible Grid

Smart grid has become linked with topics of energy efficiency, renewables integration and climate policy. A smarter grid is one that utilizes communications and information systems to achieve more flexible grid operations. Energy storage and more broadly, load shifting, is one mechanism for achieving flexible grid operations. Unlike demand response, permanent load shifting moves energy on a regular basis, from peak to off-peak. Technologies that can deliver load shifting include thermal storage, electrical and mechanical storage and process shifting. This paper highlights findings from a recent study, mandated by a California Public Utilities Commission order, of permanent load shifting (PLS) opportunities located at customer sites in California. We developed a cost-effectiveness framework to estimate the costs and benefits of PLS technologies, demonstrated the framework with an analysis of PLS systems, and evaluated the market for PLS, including an assessment of challenges to expanding PLS. The cost-effectiveness analysis included a technology-neutral scenario analysis and an evaluation of technology-specific cases. Grid-level benefits of load shifting range from approximately $500–$2500/peak kW. Among the case studies, some approaches, such as refrigerated warehouse precooling, are cost-effective for both the utility and the consumer, while others, such as flow batteries, are not yet cost-effective and can be viewed as emerging technologies. Due to the wide range of technology costs and performance, these results are unsurprising. Still, PLS technologies can be one tool that can help set the stage for integrating large amounts of renewables in the future, a road California is paving.

Economics of fertility in dairy cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Esslemont ◽  
M.A. Kossaibati ◽  
J. Allcock
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Production Diseases ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Breakeven Point ◽  
Reduced Risk

AbstractThe financial implications of delays in conception at different stages of lactation in the average and the high yielding dairy cows were investigated. Variables included in the calculations were net loss in annual yield, lost income from a calf, cost of extended dry period, cost of slipping in calving pattern, cost of extra veterinary treatments and AI services, benefit of a delay in calving for reduced risk of production diseases, potential benefit of delay in conception on milk yield from the current lactation, and the value of quota leasing. For the average yielding cow, the net cost of one day of delay in conception was calculated at £2.41 when conception is delayed from 85 to 100 days post-calving, increasing to £5.02 per day if conception occurred at 146 to 175 days post-calving. After taking value of quota leasing into account, the net cost of a lost day was calculated at £1.73 and £3.55 per day for the two delay intervals respectively. For the high yielding cow, the net cost of one day of delay in conception was calculated at £2.48 when conception is delayed from 85 to 115 days post-calving, increasing to £6.52 per day if conception occurred between 206 and 235 days post-calving. The net costs after quota leasing being considered were calculated at £1.68 and £4.08 per day for the two delay intervals respectively. On the basis of the above estimations, and after considering the cost of culling for poor fertility, it was concluded that it is a cost-effective option to keep trying to get the typical average cow in calf until 266 days post-calving, whereas the breakeven point for the high yielding cow is at 290 days post-calving.

scholarly journals Understanding the Mechanism of Action of Indigenous Target Probiotic Yeast: Linking the Manipulation of Gut Microbiota and Performance in Animals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakira Ghazanfar
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Probiotic Yeast ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Function

The gut associated microbiota of animal plays crucial rule in the conversion to accessible nutrients for improve animal health and well-beings. Probiotic yeast (PY) is commonly use to manipulate the gut microbial balance by inhibits the disease-causing microbes and increase the number and function of desirable microbes. PY produce many fermentation metabolites, intercellular effectors, minerals and enzymes that make it an idea nutritive feed supplement for ruminants. The mode of action of the PY is depends on the animal biological inheritance, breed, managemental condition and microbial feeding type. Therefore, PY must formulate using same ecological origin, alone with desirable target; as it would be more compatible with gut ecoysytem and would yield maximum outputs as compare to non-target or foreign probiotic (FP). Therefore, for development of the Indigenous Target Probiotic (ITP), the isolation source must be same ecological region with desirable target like improve animal health and productivity. In the situation of the increase food storage around the world, ITP may provide a useful feed supplements to improve the food production in cost effective manner as compare to FP. Probiotic effectiveness is considered to be population/breed/target specific due to difference in the feed intake, change gut microflora, different food habits and different host-microbial interactions. In this chapter, we will highlight the preparation of the ITP yeast and its mode of action on animal gut microbiota.

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