scholarly journals More Urbanization, Fewer Bats: The Importance of Forest Conservation in Honduras

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfredo A. Turcios-Casco ◽  
Richard K. LaVal ◽  
Marcio Martínez ◽  
Hefer D. Ávila-Palma
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Central City ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Urbanized Areas

Urbanization is a phenomenon that results in fragmentation and eventual destruction of forests. Suburbanization is a subset of that same phenomenon in which fragmentation has resulted in the retention of small patches of the original forest and surviving old growth trees. Alternatively, the area surrounding the central city had been cleared for agricultural use and the suburban residents have planted many trees in parks and private property. This fragmentation will of course affect many species of bats, including species of the family Phyllostomidae. In this work, we estimate and compare the diversity of phyllostomid bats in three landscapes in Honduras: forests, suburban, and urban areas, from 2015 to 2018. Concurrently, we compared bat activity patterns based on the hour and percentage of moonlight at the time they were captured, and we compared external measurements, forearm and ear length. Urban areas are the least diverse and exhibited the lowest abundance. The forearm and ear length were significantly different only between forests and urban areas. The degree of lunar phobia also differed among those landscapes, but the time of capture did not differ. This is the first attempt to describe the activity patterns of phyllostomids in these studied areas and the effect of urbanization on Honduran bats. As expected, we found that from forests to cities, the diversity and abundance of phyllostomids decreased. However, there are many gaps in our knowledge of how totally or partially urbanized areas are affecting phyllostomid bats in Honduras.

Seasonal activity patterns of bats in North Sydney, New South Wales: implications for urban bat monitoring programs

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leroy Gonsalves ◽  
Bradley Law
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
New South ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Acoustic Surveys ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Increased Activity

Behavioural and physiological traits of bats may influence seasonal bat activity in urban areas. To examine this, we used acoustic surveys to monitor insectivorous bat activity in urban bushland and at two day-roosts of Miniopterus orianae oceanensis between September 2013 and August 2014. Day-roosts were also assessed for potential as swarming sites and monthly estimates of colony size were made at one of these, while radio-tracking was used to identify additional roosts. Acoustic surveys identified seven species, with Mi. o. oceanensis and Chalinolobus gouldii most commonly recorded. Nightly species richness was lower in winter than in other seasons, while total bat activity was greatest in autumn, reflecting increased activity by C. gouldii and Mi. o. oceanensis in this season. One Mi. o. oceanensis day-roost was used from autumn to early spring, with numbers of bats increasing from ~50 to 300 and high fidelity shown to this site by radio-tagged bats in autumn, while nightly activity at another day-roost was suggestive of swarming. Seasonal differences in bat activity were species-specific and, for Mi. o. oceanensis, corresponded to changes in population size as bats migrated to and from Sydney to meet reproductive and overwintering requirements. We recommend urban bat monitoring programs sample multiple seasons to adequately document trends in activity for all bat species.

Tradable Disturbance Permits for Old-growth Forest Conservation: Experimental Evaluation of Implementation Options

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-107
Author(s):  
Orsolya Perger ◽  
Curtis Rollins ◽  
Marian Weber ◽  
Wiktor Adamowicz ◽  
Peter Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest

scholarly journals A Study on Urban Inundation Using SWMM in Busan, Korea, Using Existing Dams and Artificial Underground Waterways

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1708
Author(s):  
Yeon-Moon Choo ◽  
Sang-Bo Sim ◽  
Yeon-Woong Choe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Urbanized Areas

The annual average rainfall in Busan area is increasing, causing frequent flooding of Busan’s Suyeong and Oncheon rivers. Due to the increase in urbanized areas and climate change, it is difficult to reduce flood damage. Therefore, new methods are needed to reduce urban inundation. This study models the effects of three flood reduction methods involving Oncheon River, Suyeong River, and the Hoedong Dam, which is situated on the Suyeong. Using EPA-SWMM, a virtual model of the dam and the rivers was created, then modified with changes to the dam’s height, the installation of a floodgate on the dam, and the creation of an underground waterway to carry excess flow from the Oncheon to the Hoedong Dam. The results of this study show that increasing the height of the dam by 3 m, 4 m, or 6 m led to a 27%, 37%, and 48% reduction in flooding, respectively, on the Suyeong River. It was also found that installing a floodgate of 10 × 4 m, 15 × 4 m, or 20 × 4 min the dam would result in a flood reduction of 2.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the construction of the underground waterway could lead to an expected 25% flood reduction in the Oncheon River. Measures such as these offer the potential to protect the lives and property of citizens in densely populated urban areas and develop sustainable cities and communities. Therefore, the modifications to the dam and the underground waterway proposed in this study are considered to be useful.

Activity patterns and habitat preferences of insectivorous bats in a West African forest–savanna mosaic

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph F. J. Meyer ◽  
Christian J. Schwarz ◽  
Jakob Fahr
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Constant Frequency ◽  
Insectivorous Bats ◽  
Bat Activity

We studied activity patterns and habitat use by insectivorous bats in Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast. Bat foraging activity was quantified along five transects representing three different habitat types using acoustic monitoring and captures with mist nets and harp traps. Aerial insect abundance was assessed using a light trap; in addition shrub and tree arthropods were sampled. Bat activity was significantly and positively related to insect availability and ambient temperature, whereas increased visibility of the moon had a negative influence on flight activity. Together, these factors best explained both total bat activity and activity of bats hunting in open space and edge habitats. The interaction between temperature and light intensity was the best predictor of activity by species foraging in obstacle-rich forest habitats, however, the regression model had a low predictive value. Overall, a large proportion (c. 50%) of the variation in bat activity appeared to be a consequence of transect- and/or habitat-specific influences. We found a significant non-linear relationship between the activity of QCF (quasi-constant frequency) and FM–QCF (frequency modulated – quasi-constant frequency) bats and the phase of the moon, with lowest levels of activity occurring near full moon. We interpret this lunar-phobic behaviour as a reflection of a higher predation risk during moonlit periods. For FM (steep frequency modulated) and CF (constant frequency) bats, no significant correlation was found, although there was a trend suggesting that these bats at least were not negatively affected by bright moonlight. Foraging activity of bats was positively correlated with the abundance of atympanate moths; however, no such correlation was found for tympanate moths.

scholarly journals Urbanization effects on the composition and structure of macrophytes communities in a lotic ecosystem of Pernambuco State, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 888-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. C. C. Xavier ◽  
F. Scherner ◽  
D. C. Burgos ◽  
R. C. Barreto ◽  
S. M. B. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Macrophyte Communities ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Lotic Ecosystem ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Abstract Population growth in urban areas changes freshwater ecosystems, and this can have consequences for macrophyte communities as can be seen in the municipalities that border the Capibaribe River, Pernambuco, Brazil. This study reports the effects of urbanization on the composition and structure of macrophyte communities in areas along that river. The following urbanized and non-urbanized sampling sites were chosen: Sites 1 and 2 (municipality of Santa Cruz do Capibaribe), Sites 3 and 4 (municipality of Toritama), and Sites 5 and 6 (metropolitan region of Recife). These sites were visited every two months from January to July 2013 to observe seasonal variation (wet and dry seasons). Thirty-one species were identified. Generally, the non-urbanized sites had a higher number of species. Multivariate analyses indicated significant overall differences between urbanized and non-urbanized areas (R = 0.044; p < 0.001) and between seasons (R = 0.018; p < 0.019). Owing to the large variation in physical, chemical, and biological characteristics between urbanized and non-urbanized areas, we found that urbanization significantly influenced the floristic composition and structure of macrophyte communities.

Art. X.—Gleanings from the Arabic

1883 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-294
Author(s):  
H. W. Freeland
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
The Family

The name of the author of the preceding poem was Abubakr (Ibn Abdurrahman Ibn Almiswar Ibn Makhramat) of Medina, a poet of the family of the Kūraish. He had married Saliha, the daughter of Abu Ubaidah, to whom he was tenderly attached. On one occasion, when on his way to Syria, he was so overcome by his affection for his wife, and by his longings to rejoin her, that he struck his camels on the head, turned them round, and went back to Medina. On this occasion he composed the preceding verses. When his wife heard his verses, and saw that for her sake he had returned to Medina, she was naturally much gratified. She said that of all the objects of her regard he was most dear to her, and that in future she should withhold nothing from him. She also made over to him her private property, with which she had not previously allowed him to interfere.

scholarly journals Farms as a resilience factors to land degradation in peri-urban areas

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Zappavigna ◽  
Andrea Brugnoli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
The Family ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Economic Size

The purpose of this study was the analysis of the effects induced by urban pressures on the socio-economic and territorial characteristics of the rural peri-urban areas in order to identify planning and intervention strategies aimed at enhancing the quality of agriculture and landscape. A survey was conducted in the surroundings of Parma on farms located in the vicinity of urban areas. The structural, productive and social characteristics of the family-farm units were analyzed. The survey updated an identical survey, carried out in 1986, in which it was examined a sample of 208 farms. The units surveyed were evaluated in two aspects: the “vitality”, which takes into account the structural characteristics (size, production, labour force, etc.), and the “stability”, in which a crucial role is played by the age of the conductor and the presence of a successor. It was found that only 28% of the original farm sample is still alive, one third has disappeared, 30% was absorbed by existing farms, 8% has been abandoned. The factors most favourable to the survival resulted those referred to the vitality, especially the physical and economic size of the farm, the presence of cattle, the percentage of land in property, the presence of young labour. Among the factors that predispose to the abandonment, the urbanization processes were found to be determinants, in terms of expansion of both the built-up area and of that planned as urbanisable. The research has highlighted the importance of the vitality of the farms together with a context that has maintained its original rural features. These combined aspects can better define what we call the resiliency of the landfarms system i.e. the capability of positively reacting to the variable modifications of the internal and external conditions.

scholarly journals UNE ETUDE DES DETERMINISMES A LA BASE DE L’ECHEC SCOLAIRE LE CAS DES PAYS DU TIERS MONDE(1)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. K. Nzunga
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Third World ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Culture Of Origin

Fare has been established as a major issue, in primary and secondary schools within the Third World countries. This work sets out to reveal the possible determinants of this phenomenon. A comparison between performance in the rural areas and the urban areas has produced a lot of data on the determinants of school failure and repetition. The researcher seeks to establish the link between failure and the level of intelligence of the learners, the language of instruction, the financial status of the family and the culture of origin. The researcher hopes that by so doing, it would be easier to find a practical and efficient solution, to this problem, which is a great stambling block in the Third World countries.

scholarly journals Tick-borne pathogens in Ixodidae ticks collected from privately-owned dogs in Italy: a country-wide molecular survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Zanet ◽  
Elena Battisti ◽  
Paola Pepe ◽  
Lavinia Ciuca ◽  
Liliana Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
The Family ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi S.L ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Minimum Infection Rate ◽  
Theileria Spp

Abstract Background Ticks and tick-borne diseases are increasingly recognized as a cause of disease in dogs worldwide. The epidemiology of ticks and tick-transmitted protozoa and bacteria has changed due to the spread of ticks to urban and peri-urban areas and the movement of infected animals, posing new risks for animals and humans. This countrywide study reports information on distribution and prevalence of pathogens in ticks collected from privately-owned dogs in Italy. We analyzed 2681 Ixodidae ticks, collected from 1454 pet dogs from Italy. Specific PCR protocols were used to detect i) Piroplasms of the genera Babesia and Theileria , ii) Gram-negative cocci of the family Anaplasmataceae and iii) Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Sequencing of positive amplicons allowed for species identification. Results Babesia / Theileria spp. DNA was detected in 435 homogeneous tick-pools (Minimum Infection Rate (MIR) = 27.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 25.4-29.8%) with higher prevalence in Ixodes ricinus and Rhipicephalus sanguneus group. The zoonotic B. venatorum was the most prevalent species (MIR = 7.5%; 95% CI = 6.3-9.0%). Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species were detected in 165 tick-pools (MIR = 10.5%; 95% CI = 9.3-11.8%) and specifically, A. phagocytophilum was identified with MIR = 5.1% (95% CI = 4.1-6.3%). Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and B. afzelii were detected with MIR = 0.4% (95% CI = 0.2-0.8%) and MIR = 0.3% (95% CI 0.1-0.7%) respectively. Conclusions Zoonotic pathogens B. venatorum and A. phagocytophilum were the most frequently detected in ticks collected from privately-owned dogs which might be used as markers of pathogens presence and distribution.

scholarly journals Language Choice Used by Chinese Family in Langsa

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Yusmawati Yusmawati ◽  
Cut Intan Lestari ◽  
Nurul Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Chinese Families ◽  
Language Selection ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Town

The research aims at identifying the language choice used by Chinese family in Langsa, the phenomenon that has long been seen in Chinese families: having tendency to choose Indonesian as the second language in their families even though they live in the Aceh region. This phenomenon is not only seen in the town but also in urban areas. The emergence of language selection is caused by the occurrence of language, social condition, and cultural tradition. The interesting thing to look at and study in connection with this phenomenon is that members in the family are from the Chinese ethnic group and speakers of native Chinese but the language used to communicate with the community in the chosen environment is Indonesian. The focus of this research is to analyze language selection Indonesia in a Chinese family in Langsa. The research is executed by means of descriptive qualitative method supported by the technique of interview to get deep information about the language choice.

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