scholarly journals Characterization of Wild Rice - Oryza Species Complexes in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyama R. Weerakoon
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Oryza Species ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Wild Rice Species ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Molecular Information

Rice is the staple food crop in Sri Lanka, which occupies 34% (0.77/million ha) of the total cultivated area. Sri Lanka currently produces 2.7 million tonnes of rough rice annually and satisfies around 95% of the domestic requirement. In Sri Lanka, genus Oryza consists of two species complexes, O. sativa (AA) and O. officinalis (CC). These two complexes are both pan tropical and have very similar overall distribution. Five wild rice species are reported in Sri Lanka, (O. nivara [AA], O. rufipogan (AA) O. eichengeri [CC], O. rhizomatis (CC) and O. granulate (GG). O. rhizomatis has been reported only in Sri Lanka and considered endemic to Sri Lanka. Recent studies demonstrated, the reliance on single source of information could mislead results in the phylogenetic inferences due to analytical inconsistency and biological processes. Therefore, exact number of wild rice species in Sri Lanka becomes uncertain and the necessity arises to assess Oryza species complexes in Sri Lanka using morphological, anatomical, and molecular information to enumerate number of species within each Oryza complex and characterization of species and species complexes. The study revealed, characterization of wild rice species, to a certain extent, can be made through morphological and anatomical characters, specially lamina anatomical characters. Molecular information is more reliable in delimitation of wild rice species complexes in Sri Lanka. O. rhizomatis and O. eichingeri (CC) are well separated from the rest of wild rice species (AA). Molecular data revealed, O. nivara and O. rufipogon have undergone independent evolution within Sri Lanka. Well separated five wild rice species are existing in Sri Lanka. Studies on ecological resilience of morphological, anatomical, and molecular studies are very useful for species enumeration of wild rice complexes in Sri Lanka. The findings led to conclude that wild rice species in Sri Lanka are “ecological swarms” and represents allopatric or sympatric populations. A comprehensive knowledge on genetic diversity and population structure of wild rice germplasm in Sri Lanka provides useful information to include these locally adapted and evolved wild rice species in rice crop improvement/breeding.

scholarly journals Population genetics and evolutionary history of the wild rice species Oryza rufipogon and O. nivara in Sri Lanka

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
pp. 12056-12065
Author(s):  
Salinda Sandamal ◽  
Asanka Tennakoon ◽  
Qing-Lin Meng ◽  
Buddhi Marambe ◽  
Disna Ratnasekera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Oryza Rufipogon ◽  
Wild Rice Species ◽  
History Of

Physiological and molecular characterization of Si uptake in wild rice species

2013 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namiki Mitani-Ueno ◽  
Hisao Ogai ◽  
Naoki Yamaji ◽  
Jian Feng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Wild Rice Species

scholarly journals Genetic diversity inOryza glumaepatulawild rice populations in Costa Rica and possible gene flow fromO. sativa

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Fuchs ◽  
Allan Meneses Martínez ◽  
Amanda Calvo ◽  
Melania Muñoz ◽  
Griselda Arrieta-Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Wild Rice Species ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Wild Crop Relatives ◽  
Diversity Estimates ◽  
Crop Relatives

Wild crop relatives are an important source of genetic diversity for crop improvement. Diversity estimates are generally lacking for many wild crop relatives. The objective of the present study was to analyze how genetic diversity is distributed within and among populations of the wild rice speciesOryza glumaepatulain Costa Rica. We also evaluated the likelihood of gene flow between wild and commercial rice species because the latter is commonly sympatric with wild rice populations. Introgression may change wild species by incorporating alleles from domesticated species, increasing the risk of losing original variation. Specimens from all knownO. glumaepatulapopulations in Costa Rica were analyzed with 444 AFLP markers to characterize genetic diversity and structure. We also compared genetic diversity estimates betweenO. glumaepatulaspecimens andO. sativacommercial rice. Our results showed thatO. glumaepatulapopulations in Costa Rica have moderately high levels of genetic diversity, comparable to those found in South American populations. Despite the restricted distribution of this species in Costa Rica, populations are fairly large, reducing the effects of drift on genetic diversity. We found a dismissible but significant structure (θ= 0.02 ± 0.001) among populations. A Bayesian structure analysis suggested that some individuals share a significant proportion of their genomes withO. sativa. These results suggest that gene flow from cultivatedO. sativapopulations may have occurred in the recent past. These results expose an important biohazard: recurrent hybridization may reduce the genetic diversity of this wild rice species. Introgression may transfer commercial traits intoO. glumaepatula, which in turn could alter genetic diversity and increase the likelihood of local extinction. These results have important implications forin situconservation strategies of the only wild populations ofO. glumaepatulain Costa Rica.

Morphological Characterization of Rhinacanthus Species of Sri Lanka

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
APPR Amarasinghe ◽  
RP Karunagoda ◽  
DSA Wijesundara
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Morphological Characterization

scholarly journals Diversity of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] Landraces in Mozambique: New Opportunities for Crop Improvement and Future Breeding Programs

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Figueira Gomes ◽  
David Draper ◽  
Nascimento Nhantumbo ◽  
Rafael Massinga ◽  
José C. Ramalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
High Level ◽  
Nutrition Sensitive

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a neglected crop native to Africa, with an outstanding potential to contribute to the major challenges in food and nutrition security, as well as in agricultural sustainability. Two major issues regarding cowpea research have been highlighted in recent years—the establishment of core collections and the characterization of landraces—as crucial to the implementation of environmentally resilient and nutrition-sensitive production systems. In this work, we have collected, mapped, and characterized the morphological attributes of 61 cowpea genotypes, from 10 landraces spanning across six agro-ecological zones and three provinces in Mozambique. Our results reveal that local landraces retain a high level of morphological diversity without a specific geographical pattern, suggesting the existence of gene flow. Nevertheless, accessions from one landrace, i.e., Maringué, seem to be the most promising in terms of yield and nutrition-related parameters, and could therefore be integrated into the ongoing conservation and breeding efforts in the region towards the production of elite varieties of cowpea.

β-Amyrin Synthase1 Controls the Accumulation of the Major Saponins Present in Pea (Pisum sativum)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Vernoud ◽  
Ludivine Lebeigle ◽  
Jocelyn Munier ◽  
Julie Marais ◽  
Myriam Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Saponin Biosynthesis ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Pea Seed

Abstract The use of pulses as ingredients for the production of food products rich in plant proteins is increasing. However, protein fractions prepared from pea or other pulses contain significant amounts of saponins, glycosylated triterpenes which can impart an undesirable bitter taste when used as an ingredient in foodstuffs. In this paper, we describe the identification and characterization of a gene involved in saponin biosynthesis during pea seed development, by screening mutants obtained from two Pisum sativum TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) populations in two different genetic backgrounds. The mutations studied are located in a gene designated PsBAS1 (β-amyrin synthase1) which is highly expressed in maturing pea seeds and which encodes a protein previously shown to correspond to an active β-amyrin synthase. The first allele is a nonsense mutation, while the second mutation is located in a splice site and gives rise to a mis-spliced transcript encoding a truncated, non-functional protein. The homozygous mutant seeds accumulated virtually no saponin without affecting seed nutritional or physiological quality. Interestingly, BAS1 appears to control saponin accumulation in all other tissues of the plant examined. These lines represent a first step in the development of pea varieties lacking bitterness off-flavours in their seeds. Our work also shows that TILLING populations in different genetic backgrounds represent valuable genetic resources for both crop improvement and functional genomics.

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