scholarly journals Novel Indications of Epigenetic Therapy in Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Griffiths ◽  
Michelle Bilbao ◽  
Lauren Krill ◽  
Olga Ostrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Epigenetic Therapy ◽  
Intratumor Heterogeneity ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Stage Disease

Early diagnosis and intervention are some of the longstanding challenges associated with ovarian cancer, which is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer mortality. While the majority of patients who present with advanced stage disease at time of diagnosis will initially respond to traditional combination platinum and taxane-based chemotherapy in conjunction with cytoreductive surgery, approximately 70% will ultimately recur due to chemoresistance within the first two years. Intratumor heterogeneity is proposed to be a leading factor in the development of chemoresistance and resultant poorer outcomes for those with recurrent or advanced stage disease. Both inherent and acquired mechanisms of chemoresistance are postulated to be a result of alterations in gene expression, also known as epigenetic modifications. Therefore, epigenetic therapy is a pivotal avenue which allows for reversal of chemoresistance in cancer through the targeting of aberrant mutations. In this chapter, we discuss how these epigenetic modifications prove to be promising targets in cancer therapy leading to heightened drug sensitivity and improved patient survival outcomes.

Surgical Prevention in Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-206
Author(s):  
Alexios Papanikolaou ◽  
Anastasios Liberis ◽  
Anastasia Vatopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Stage Disease

Ovarian cancer is the second most common malignant disease of the female genital tract, but the first in mortality because it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Options for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment are limited. Prevention of ovarian cancer relates to primary prevention by avoiding factors that are epidemiologically associated with an increased incidence of ovarian cancer and the adoption of protective habits. These include interventions to exclude the fallopian tubes and ovaries. Secondary prevention is related to early diagnosis. The chapter aims to summarize current evidence on prevention of ovarian cancer as well as role of surgery to prevent advanced-stage disease.

scholarly journals The forkhead box L2 transcription factor (FOXL2) is differentially expressed in high-grade serous ovarian cancers.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Normal Ovary ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Ovarian Cancers

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We sought to identify genes associated with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) by comparing global gene expression profiles of normal ovary with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with HGSC using published microarray data (2, 3). We identified the forkhead box L2, (FOXL2) (4) as among the genes whose expression was most different in HGSC ovarian tumors. FOXL2 expression was significantly lower in ovarian tumors relative to normal ovary. FOXL2 has established roles in ovarian development (4, 5), and the FOXL2 gene is mutated in granulosa-cell tumors of the ovary (6). These data indicate FOXL2 might also be perturbed, at the level of gene expression, in high-grade serous ovarian cancers.

Predicting survival outcomes in ovarian cancer using gene expression data

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Taesung Park ◽  
Se Ik Kim ◽  
Yonggab Kim ◽  
TaeJin Ahn ◽  
Nayeon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression Data ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Expression Data

Screening for Ovarian Cancer

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
James V. Fiorica ◽  
William S. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Term Survival

Ovarian cancer is difficult to manage because the disease is most often diagnosed at an advanced stage when survival chances are poor. Early detection of ovarian cancer would increase long-term survival, since effective treatment modalities are available for early-onset disease. Screening with transvaginal ultrasound and serum CA 125 suggests promising results, but studies comparing mortality rates for screened vs unscreened populations are needed, and strategies must be developed for prevention or early diagnosis in order to control this disease process.

scholarly journals High-volume ovarian cancer care: Survival impact and disparities in access for advanced-stage disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Bristow ◽  
Jenny Chang ◽  
Argyrios Ziogas ◽  
Leslie M. Randall ◽  
Hoda Anton-Culver
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Stage Disease

Antibody Immunity to the p53 Oncogenic Protein Is a Prognostic Indicator in Ovarian Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 762-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Goodell ◽  
Lupe G. Salazar ◽  
Nicole Urban ◽  
Charles W. Drescher ◽  
Heidi Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Topoisomerase Iiα ◽  
P53 Antibodies ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Her 2

Purpose Presence of intratumoral T-cell infiltration has been linked to improved survival in ovarian cancer patients. We questioned whether antibody immunity specific for ovarian cancer tumor antigens would predict disease outcome. We evaluated humoral immune responses against ovarian cancer antigens p53, HER-2/neu, and topoisomerase IIα. Patients and Methods Serum was collected from 104 women (median age, 59 years; range, 34 to 89 years) at the time of their initial definitive surgery for ovarian cancer. Serum was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to p53, HER-2/neu, and topoisomerase IIα proteins. Antibody immunity to tetanus toxoid was assessed as a control. The incidence of humoral immunity at the time of diagnosis to any of these three antigens was tabulated. For patients with advanced-stage disease (III/IV), correlation was made between the presence of tumor-specific immunity at the time of diagnosis and overall survival. Patients were followed for a median of 1.8 years. Results Multivariate analysis showed the presence of p53 antibodies to be an independent variable for prediction of overall survival in advanced-stage patients. Overall survival was significantly higher for patients with antibodies to p53 when compared with patients without p53 antibodies (P = .01). The median survival for p53 antibody-positive patients was 51 months (95% CI, 23.5 to 60.5 months) compared with 24 months (95% CI, 19.4 to 28.6 months) for patients without antibodies to p53. Conclusion Data presented here demonstrate that advanced stage ovarian cancer patients can have detectable tumor-specific antibody immunity and that immunity to p53 may predict improved overall survival in patients with advanced-stage disease.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Understanding, Diagnosing, and Treating Ovarian Cancer

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Mills ◽  
Katherine Fuh
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Ovarian cancer, a term that encompasses ovarian, fallopian, and peritoneal cancers, is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer mortality. To improve patient outcomes, the field is currently focused on defining the mechanisms of cancer formation and spread, early diagnosis and prevention, and developing novel therapeutic options. This review summarizes recent advances in these areas.

The relationship between tumor size and stage in early versus advanced ovarian cancer: A retrospective chart review

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5580-5580
Author(s):  
L. E. Horvath ◽  
T. Werner ◽  
K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Advanced Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Stage Disease

5580 Background: Ovarian cancer has a different prognosis between early (I and II) and advanced stage (III and IV). The mechanism of disease progression is unknown, but patients with advanced disease may have a higher propensity for seeding of the abdominal cavity early in the disease process than those with early stage. Theoretically if this is so, then patients with advanced stage should have smaller sized tumors than patients with early stage. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of patients in the tumor registry in 2003 to 2006. Patients had epithelial ovarian cancer, other cell types were excluded. Only cases with documentation of surgical and pathologic staging and measured dimensions on pathologic specimen were included. Patient stage and all available dimensions measured on diseased ovaries were recorded. The dimensions for each patient were averaged into a single dimension for that patient, and then these measurements were totaled and averaged. Results: There were 110 patients analyzed: 85 with advanced disease, 25 with early stage. The average measurement was 4.8 cm in advanced disease, and was 10.7 cm in early stage disease. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Overall, patients with early stage ovarian cancer have diseased ovaries that are more than twice as large as those found in advanced disease. This finding supports the fact that early versus advanced ovarian cancer are 2 separate disease processes. Early stage grows locally and does not disseminate, and advanced stage disseminates while the tumor is still relatively small. Theoretically there may be a factor that separates these 2 into different diseases, where advanced disease patients have a substance produced by their tumor that allows for early dissemination, and early stage lacks this substance and only grows locally. Basic science research comparing the tissue microarrays of early versus advanced stage disease may be able to identify this difference. If the difference is found, perhaps therapy can be targeted against this difference. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Neoadjuvant, adjuvant and long-term intravenous/intraperitoneal chemotherapy, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for ovarian cancer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Halkia ◽  
Paul Sugarbaker
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Early Postoperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Review Current

Ovarian cancer is commonly diagnosed after dissemination and is accompanied by a poorer overall prognosis. Treatment incorporates a multimodal approach, utilizing various combinations of surgery and chemotherapy. Ultimately, better screening tests are needed for ovarian cancer to help reduce the burden of advanced-stage disease. For those women with advanced-stage tumors, newer therapeutic strategies may help prolong survival and increase the chance for cure. The aim of this study is to review current trends in the treatment of women diagnosed with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer.

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