scholarly journals Adversity, Uncertainty and Elevated Symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A New Understanding through Resiliency and Positive Psychotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevgi Güney

The content of thought, which emerges from the processing of information from the social context lived, is a critical factor that guides whether the behavior is psychopathological or not. In cases where worry, anxiety and fear are dominant in the content of thought, the individual may find himself in some psychopathological processes. Adversity and uncertainty are the main factors that lead to the experience of worry, anxiety and fear which is the last point of these. Uncertainty of information from the social context lived, when matched with adversity, may lead to chaotic situations at the cognitive level, e.g., thought contents such as distortions in thought, severe anxiety and fear. Obsessive compulsive disorder derives from severe worry and anxiety. Although the disorder is classified under anxiety disorders, it is actually a thought distortion disorder. The individual finds himself repeating the strange behavior patterns accompanied by strange thought contents in order to get rid of the severe anxiety and accelerated thought cycle he is exposed to. Ambiguity and uncertainty also may lead to the accelerated thought cycle, ruminations, severe thought distortions, over-generalizations. Ruminations, especially, impair the individual’s ability to think and process emotions gradually. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder will be discussed in terms of ambiguity and uncertainty with the combination of adversity. Positive Psychotherapy, which is one of the latest effective technique in recovery processes of the diseases, will be mentioned.

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Cabedo ◽  
Amparo Belloch ◽  
Carmen Carrió ◽  
Christina Larsson ◽  
Héctor Fernández-Alvarez ◽  
...  

Background: Very few studies have compared the efficacy of individual and group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) by taking into consideration the change in OCD severity in both the short and long term. Aims: To conduct an open trial of individual versus group CBT for OCD, comparing the clinical and statistically significant changes in severity both at post-treatment and one year later. Method: Forty-two OCD subjects were assigned to individual (n = 18) or group CBT (n = 24, in four groups). Sixteen and 22 subjects completed the treatment in the individual and group conditions, respectively. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was recorded at pre-treatment, post-treatment and at the one-year follow-up. Results: At the end of treatment, the clinically significant change was comparable for the two treatment conditions and remained stable at the one-year follow-up. Of the 16 participants who completed the individual CBT treatment, 68.75% were classified as recovered at post-treatment, compared to 40.9% of those receiving group CBT. At follow-up the rate of recovery decreased to 62.5% in individual CBT and to 31.8% in group CBT. Conclusions: Group CBT is effective in decreasing OCD severity. The post-treatment changes were maintained one year later. Nevertheless, these changes were higher in the individual delivery of CBT.


2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Rasmussen ◽  
Gail Steketee ◽  
Michelle Silverman ◽  
Sabine Wilhelm

This study examined hoarding symptoms and schizotypal personality traits (SPTs) in 38 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and explored early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) as partial mediators between hoarding symptoms and schizotypal traits in OCD. Hoarding and symmetry/ordering symptoms were correlated with total schizotypal score on the Personality Disorder Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4). Hoarding predicted the total number of schizotypal traits on the PDQ-4 after adjusting for symmetry/ordering symptoms. Schizotypal traits but not hoarding symptoms were significantly correlated with the social isolation and mistrust/abuse schemas. Schizotypal traits and hoarding were both associated with the emotional inhibition and emotional deprivation schemas, but neither of these mediated the relationship between schizotypal traits and hoarding. Clinical implications for understanding and treating hoarding and schizotypal personality in OCD are discussed.


Author(s):  
Victoria Bream ◽  
Fiona Challacombe ◽  
Asmita Palmer ◽  
Paul Salkovskis

This chapter provides guidance on some of the issues of complexity, using a number of examples, including case illustrations of mental contamination, post-traumatic stress disorder, and perfectionism. There is a detailed consideration of incorporating compassionate mind work on shame. As obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has a great impact on others around the individual, we focus on working with the involvement of family members in symptoms. The chapter also covers adaptations of standard treatment (group and intensive treatment). We consider how to make best use of supervision, including a detailed discussion of OCD-specific competences and metacompetences, as part of continued development as a therapist. There is an outline for how we might prevent OCD in the future, including disseminating understanding of OCD.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavaraj Shrinivasa ◽  
Shyam Sundar Arumugham ◽  
Ameer Hamza

Mental illness in one of the members takes a heavy toll on the family. Symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) not only affect the individual, but also impact the individual’s environment. Family members are easily drawn into compulsive rituals or avoidance behaviors in order to prevent or reduce the distress related to the illness. Such behaviors of family members may serve the same function as compulsions which are contradictory to the principles of exposure-based interventions used in the treatment of OCD. Given this bidirectional relationship between family reactions and symptomatology in the affected person, family context plays an important role in the maintenance and treatment of OCD. Thus, it is imperative to understand the role family variables that can have an effect on the course/outcome of illness, which might also help in management of this complex psychosocial condition. In this review, we briefly discuss the impact of OCD on family and how family members contribute to the maintenance of the symptoms of illness with their responses. The possible ways of engaging the family members in the treatment to address relevant family variables are also discussed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Miegel ◽  
Barbara Cludius ◽  
Birgit Hottenrott ◽  
Cüneyt Demiralay ◽  
Lena Jelinek

Abstract The investigation of the session-specific effects is central for the understanding of psychological interventions. For the present study, we investigated the session-specific effects of the Metacognitive Group Training for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (MCT-OCD), which was revised based on data of a pilot study. Thirty-four outpatients with OCD participated in the MCT-OCD once a week over 8 weeks. Different metacognitive beliefs (e.g., thought control) and cognitive beliefs (e.g., intolerance of uncertainty), OC symptoms, as well as associated comorbid symptoms were assessed before and after each session. Linear mixed effects models showed that patients’ obsessions and compulsions, thought control, the belief of being well informed about the disorder, and action fusion improved over the course of the training. The only session-specific effect emerged for thought control, which improved immediately after the respective module. We were able to replicate the findings of the pilot study and thus corroborate the session-specific effect of the module targeting thought control. Moreover, we generated information on the mode of action of the individual modules of the MCT-OCD that allows a more in-depth evaluation of the intervention. Notably, we were able to eliminate the adverse effects of the pilot version of the MCT-OCD. Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien [DRKS]; DRKS-ID: DRKS00013539; registration date: 22/02/2018).


2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Yuliya Chelyadyn ◽  
Timur Gonchar ◽  
Lyudmila Uralova

Nowadays the problems of obsessive-compulsive disorders and hypochondriasis have become quite urgent. The disorders are often encountered both in mental institutions and in general medicine clinics. They are resistant to treatment and there is always a menace of them transforming into a chronic mental illness. So, it’s important to deal with the issue of the psychiatric rehabilitation (reintegration into the social environment) of those suffering from said disorders. To achieve good results psycho-social treatment and rehabilitation measures should be taken beginning from the earliest mental treatment stages. However, there are still many unclear and misunderstood points both in design and application of the rehabilitation program. In this study during the years 2012-2016 based on the previous work we have developed the programs for the group of 80 patients with said disorders. The results of the evaluation of the patient’s basic functioning after application of the programs are presented in the paper. Key words: coping resource, coping strategy, obsessive-compulsive disorder, hypochondriasis, rehabilitation.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernando Santamaría-García ◽  
Carles Soriano-Mas ◽  
Miguel Burgaleta ◽  
Alba Ayneto ◽  
Pino Alonso ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 185-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Zampetaki ◽  
C. Delimpalta ◽  
E. Varouchaki ◽  
A. Zampogiannis

IntroductionObsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent intrusive thoughts and/or repetitive behaviors carried out in a ritualistic fashion. Both obsessions and compulsions are ego-alien and produce anxiety if resisted. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) based on exposure and response prevention (ERP) and pharmacotherapy are currently the most popular choices of treatment.ObjectiveIndividual CBT/ERP with or without psychopharmacological treatment has been established as the treatment of choice for OCD, but group CBT/ERP has received little attention although it has been proposed as a cost-effective alternative. The aim of this paper is to explore its pros and cons.MethodReview of the current literature.ResultsGroup CBT/ERP appears to be equally effective as individual, although the latter has been associated with a more rapid rate of improvement. Both achieve similar reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms and have similar dropout rates. Group theray is also acceptable to most patients and saves time and money to both patients and doctors. It is not documented whether it achieves change of the same magnitude as the individual format of the respective treatment. Patients with more severe global symptoms are less likely to respond to the group format, therefore an attempt to reduce these symptoms prior to the treatment of OCD may be necessary.ConclusionGroup treatment is an effective treatment for OCD in the long term, but more research needs to be done to compare the effectiveness of group and individual treatment formats.


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