Palm Oil Clinker As Noise Control Materials

Palm oil clinker (POC) is a waste from the production process of palm oil, a hard and porous materials. Many studies have focused on the effect of POC use on strength while this study discusses the ability of POC in concrete to absorb sound and its relationship with concrete properties. The study was done by replacing natural river sand in stages of 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent in a mixture of 1: 4 (cement: sand). Sound absorption coefficient (SAC), strength and physical properties affect the SAC were measured. Although POC significantly reduced the compressive strength but all specimens poses good strength more than 5 N/mm2. An interesting result is that POC reduces interconnected porosity and total porosity when replacement is 100% but increases interconnected and total porosity when replacement is between 50 and 75%. SAC at 315 Hz was found has good relationship with percentage of POC and density. It is obtained that POC 50% yield good strength and sufficient SAC that can address the middle frequency range problem, thus can be further suggested to be used for masonry block application for noise control materials.

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Design and simulation of multilayer hybrid foam material for acoustic application

International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization ◽

10.1051/smdo/2021012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

L. Yuvaraj ◽

S. Jeyanthi ◽

Lenin Babu Mailan Chinnapandi ◽

Elammaran Jayamani

Keyword(s):

Absorption Coefficient ◽

Sound Absorption ◽

Noise Control ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Characteristic Impedance ◽

Sound Absorption Coefficient ◽

Metallic Foam ◽

Polymeric Foam ◽

Closed Cell ◽

The Individual

New acoustic multilayer absorber fabricated by coupling closed-cell metallic foam and open-cell polymeric foam, which aimed to develop a practical use of metallic foam in the noise control application. In prior, the individual sound absorption coefficient of both foam materials with different thicknesses measured by the impedance tube method as per ASTM E-1050. Using inverse characterization technique, the intrinsic properties needed for five parameter models in a numerical study are predicted. The measured characteristic impedance, complex wave propagation, and sound absorption coefficient of the individual foams are in close agreement with the prediction. Subsequently, a different configuration of multilayer absorber is modeled using obtained properties, and their acoustic performance is evaluated. The result indicates that the coupling of polymeric foam with metallic one exhibits enhanced sound absorption and usage of closed-cell metallic foam in noise control material. Furthermore, the result demonstrates that absorption capability entirely relies on the placement of polymeric foam in the configuration. The proposed hybrid multilayer absorber coupled with test bench car for interior acoustic study, where 5–30 dB is reduction is noticed in 1/3rd octave plot.

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The Sound Absorption Coefficient of Railway Concrete Sleepers Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) As a Cement Replacement Material

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2129/1/012032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2129 (1) ◽

pp. 012032

Author(s):

Nurfarhanna Ahmad Sulaiman ◽

Suraya Hani Adnan ◽

Abdul Hadi Izaan ◽

Mohamad Hairi Osman ◽

Mohamad Luthfi Ahmad Jeni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Absorption Coefficient ◽

Noise Reduction ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Sound Absorption ◽

Sound Absorption Coefficient ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Noise And Vibration ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Reduction Coefficient ◽

Oil Fuel

Abstract Major noise and vibration during train operation can cause disturbance to the surrounding. One of the methods to reduce this disturbance are by installing concrete sleepers. The use of railway concrete sleepers may be a high potential to reduce the noise and vibration. To produce concrete sleepers cement usage will be used with greater volume. Approximately 100 million tons of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) was disposed to the landfill currently. POFA contains high silica content and porous particles which indicated its pozzolanic properties and sound absorption characteristics. Therefore, this study was to determine the sound absorption coefficient of railway concrete sleepers containing POFA as a cement replacement material. Concrete sleepers with a strength grade of 55 and a w/c ratio of 0.35 were prepared in this study. Three design mixes with 0% (control), 20%, and 40% of POFA tested by using an impedance tube test at 28 days of curing age. The results show, the sound absorption coefficient and noise reduction coefficient increases as the percentage of POFA increases. The best performance was obtained by concrete sleepers containing 40% of POFA, with a recorded sound absorption coefficient of 0.10 for low frequency and 0.44 for high frequency. Meanwhile, the noise reduction coefficient recorded was 0.33, which reduce 32% of noise compared to OPC.

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Utilization of Boiler Slag from Pulverized-Coal-Combustion Power Plants in China for Manufacturing Acoustic Materials

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13215705 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 5705

Author(s):

Jing Li ◽

Xinguo Zhuang ◽

Carlos Leiva ◽

Celia Arenas ◽

Ana Cornejo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Absorption Coefficient ◽

Coal Combustion ◽

Sound Absorption ◽

Power Plants ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Absorption Efficiency ◽

Pulverized Coal ◽

Sound Absorption Coefficient ◽

Pulverized Coal Combustion

The potential utilization of boiler slag generated in large amounts from pulverized-coal-combustion (PCC) power plants has recently drawn much attention due to the serious problems caused to ecosystems. In order to make maximal use of the boiler slag and reduce the environmental risk it poses, this study focused on manufacturing acoustic materials using boiler slag from Chinese PCC power plants. Three promising acoustic materials were successfully manufactured from up to 80% boiler slag with different grain sizes, with the addition of 20% Portland cement. The density and compressive strength of the products were inversely proportional and the sound absorption coefficient was positively proportional to the grain size of the boiler slag. The best sound absorption coefficient was obtained in products made from the coarsest fraction of the boiler slag (MS-C). Nonetheless, all the boiler-slag-based acoustic products still demonstrated compressive strength and densities comparable to those of other acoustic materials made of Spanish bottom ash or other conventional/recycled materials. The acoustic products made from the coarsest fraction (MS-C) and medium fraction (MS-M) of the boiler slag presented good noise absorption characteristics, like those of the commercial coarse porous cement that is traditionally used as an acoustic product. Furthermore, the acoustic products were characterized by very low leach ability of potentially hazardous elements. Consequently, the manufacture of acoustic materials is a very promising application for boiler slag. On the one hand, it consumes huge amounts of boiler slag that is generated in large amounts in China. On the other hand, the acoustic products can be used extensively to produce road acoustic barriers with a high sound absorption efficiency, no significant physical or mechanical limitations and no environmental implication.

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Properties of Concrete Containing Unground Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Partial Sand Replacement

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.864.278 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 864 ◽

pp. 278-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saffuan Wan Ahmad ◽

Khairunisa Muthusamy ◽

Hanafi Hashim ◽

Maizatil Akma Yaacob

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Sand Mining ◽

River Sand ◽

Natural Sand ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Aquatic Life ◽

Concrete Production ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Oil Fuel

The growing construction industry that demands for more natural sand supply has indirectly causes the escalation of river sand mining activity. Excessive sand mining affects the water quality and habitats of aquatic life. At the same time, the continuous dumping of palm oil fuel ash, a by-product of oil palm mill causes pollution to the environment. In order to preserve the natural sand and reduce amount of palm oil fuel ash disposed as waste, the present study investigates the potential use of palm oil fuel ash in concrete production. Thus, the effect of unground palm oil fuel ash as partial sand replacement towards workability and compressive strength of concrete is discussed in this paper. A total of six mixes were used in this experimental work. Plain concrete containing 100% river sand was used as reference specimen. The rest of the mixes were prepared by integrating unground palm oil fuel ash by 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% by weight of sand. All specimens were prepared in form of cubes and subjected to water curing until the testing age. Slump test were conducted on the fresh mix to determine the concrete workability. Compressive strength test were conducted at 7, 14 and 28 days. The finding shows that addition of unground palm oil fuel ash up to 8% does not have significant effect on concrete workability. In terms of compressive strength, inclusion of 6% unground palm oil fuel ash increases the strength of concrete by approximately 13%.

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Experimental Determination of Sound Absorption Coefficients of Four Types of Malaysian Wood

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.577 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 315 ◽

pp. 577-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elammaran Jayamani ◽

Sinin Hamdan ◽

Nurizahusna Binti Suid

Keyword(s):

Absorption Coefficient ◽

Sound Absorption ◽

Vibration Isolation ◽

Noise Control ◽

Sound Intensity ◽

Sound Absorption Coefficient ◽

Extraneous Noise ◽

Isolation Vibration ◽

American Society ◽

Human Ear

Currently, one of the important topics in acoustic science is noise control. It is important to control the noise in order to minimize extraneous noise in rooms, buildings, and our environment. Noise control can be achieved by reducing the intensity of sound to the level that is not harmful to human ear. There are four basic principles employed to reduce noise which is absorption, isolation, vibration isolation, and vibration damping. In fact, the most recognized technique to reduce noise is sound absorption on the materials itself. Sound absorption on material such as wood and porous material have been developed and studied by few researchers. Materials that reduce the sound intensity as the sound wave passes through it by the phenomenon of absorption are called sound absorptive materials. There are lot of methods can be used on determining the sound absorption coefficient of materials. In this paper, a preliminary work has been carried out experimentally to determine the sound absorption coefficient of four types of Malaysian wood. They are Tapang (Koompassia excels), Pulai (Alstonai angustiloba), Selunsor merah (Tristianiopsis beccariana) and Jelutong (Dyera polyphylla). The test was performed using the ASTM E1050-98/ISO 10534-2 (American Society for Testing and Material) standards for the sound absorption coefficient testing. This method is known as impedance tube method (Two-Microphone Method). The absorption coefficient depends on the frequencies. In this study the values of the frequencies used was in the range from 350 Hz to 1000 Hz.

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Pemanfaatan Limbah Padat Abu Cangkang dan Serat Kelapa Sawit dari Boiler untuk Pembuatan Bata Beton Ringan

Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri ◽

10.26578/jrti.v9i2.1710 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 120-128

Author(s):

Haspiadi Haspiadi ◽

Kurniawaty Kurniawaty

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Water Absorption Capacity ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Foaming Agent ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Palm Oil Mill ◽

Oil Fuel

Research of the utilization solid waste of palm oil fuel ash from boiler as row materials for manufacturing light concrete brick has been conducted. The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential use solid waste of palm oil fuel ash from palm oil mill boilers as row materials for manufacturing light concrete brick has recently attracted for an alternative environmentally sustainable application. In this study, light concrete brick made with various proportions of palm oil fuel ash from palm oil mill boilers and sand were fabricated and studied under laboratory scales. Percentage of palm oil fuel ash of 0% as a control, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, replacement sand, wheras others materials such as Portland cement, lime, gypsum, foaming agent and aluminium with the numbers constant. The quality of light concreate brick were applied followed by the compressive strength test, density and water absorption capacity. The study discovered that the compressive strength for all composition meet the recommended value to light structural of 6.89 MPa as prescribed in SNI 03-3449-2002. In the same manner density of light concrete brick for all proportion under the maximum density recommended value of 1400 Kg/m3 according to SNI 03-3449-2002. While water absorption capacity of increased by the increasing use of ashes. Therefore, palm oil fuel ash from boiler can be used as raw material for the light concrete brick which is environmental friendly because using solid waste and also an alternative handling solid waste.ABSTRAKPenelitian pemanfaatan limbah padat abu cangkang dan serat kelapa sawit dari boiler sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bata beton ringan telah dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan limbah padat abu boiler berbahan bakar cangkang dan serat sebagai bahan pembuatan bata beton ringan sebagai salah satu alternatif pengelolaan lingkungan yang bekelanjutan. Dalam penelitian ini, bata beton ringan dibuat dengan berbagai komposisi abu boiler dan pasir yang diproduksi dalam skala laboratorium. Persentase dari abu berturut-turut 0% sebagai kontrol, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% dan 60% mensubtitusi pasir, sedangkan bahan lain yaitu semen, kapur, gypsum, foaming agent serta aluminium pasta dengan jumlah tetap. Mutu bata beton ringan yang diujikan adalah kuat tekan, bobot jenis dan daya serap air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kuat tekan untuk semua komposisi memenuhi batas minimum yang dipersyaratkan untuk stuktural ringan yaitu 6,89 MPa sesuai SNI 03-3449-2002. Demikian pula bobot jenis dari bata ringan yang dihasilkan masih dibawah dari batas maksimum yang direkomendasikan SNI 03-3449-2002 yaitu maksimal 1400 Kg/m3. Sedangkan daya serap air mengalami kenaikan dengan naiknya jumlah abu yang digunakan . Limbah padat abu boiler berbahan bakar cangkang dan serat sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bata beton ringan yang ramah lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan limbah dan menjadi salah satu alternatif pengelolaan limbah. Kata kunci : Abu cangkang kelapa sawit, bata beton ringan, bobot jenis, daya serap air, limbah, kuat tekan

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Acoustic Panels Made of Paper Sludge and Clay Composites

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13020637 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 637

Author(s):

Tomas Astrauskas ◽

Tomas Januševičius ◽

Raimondas Grubliauskas

Keyword(s):

Absorption Coefficient ◽

Sound Absorption ◽

Composite Panel ◽

Sound Absorption Coefficient ◽

Core Material ◽

Paper Sludge ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Absorption Properties ◽

Air Gaps ◽

The Core

Studies on recycled materials emerged during recent years. This paper investigates samples’ sound absorption properties for panels fabricated of a mixture of paper sludge (PS) and clay mixture. PS was the core material. The sound absorption was measured. We also consider the influence of an air gap between panels and rigid backing. Different air gaps (50, 100, 150, 200 mm) simulate existing acoustic panel systems. Finally, the PS and clay composite panel sound absorption coefficients are compared to those for a typical commercial absorptive ceiling panel. The average sound absorption coefficient of PS-clay composite panels (αavg. in the frequency range from 250 to 1600 Hz) was up to 0.55. The resulting average sound absorption coefficient of panels made of recycled (but unfinished) materials is even somewhat higher than for the finished commercial (finished) acoustic panel (αavg. = 0.51).

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Air permeability and sound absorption coefficient changes from ultrasonic treatment in a cross section of Malas (Homalium foetidum)

Journal of Wood Science ◽

10.1186/s10086-020-01940-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chun-Won Kang ◽

Eun-Suk Jang ◽

Nam-Ho Lee ◽

Sang-Sik Jang ◽

Min Lee

Keyword(s):

Absorption Coefficient ◽

Ultrasonic Treatment ◽

Sound Absorption ◽

Gas Permeability ◽

Treated Wood ◽

Untreated Wood ◽

Sound Absorption Coefficient ◽

Permeability Constant ◽

Average Value ◽

Permeability Increase

AbstractWe investigated the effect of ultrasonic treatment on Malas (Homalium foetidum) gas permeability and sound absorption coefficient using the transfer function method. Results showed a longitudinal average Darcy permeability constant of 2.02 (standard deviation SD 0.72) for untreated wood and 6.15 (SD 3.07) for ultrasound-treated wood, a permeability increase of 3.04 times. We also determined the average sound absorption coefficients in the range of 50 to 6.4 kHz and NRC (noise reduction coefficient: average value of sound absorption coefficient value at 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz) of untreated Malas. Those values were 0.23 (SD 0.02) and 0.13 (SD 0.01), respectively, while those of ultrasonic-treated Malas were 0.28 (SD 0.02) and 0.14 (SD 0.02), a 19.74% increase in average sound absorption coefficient.

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Carbonization Durability of Two Generations of Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete with Effect of Chloride Ion Corrosion

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su122410544 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 10544

Author(s):

Chunhong Chen ◽

Ronggui Liu ◽

Pinghua Zhu ◽

Hui Liu ◽

Xinjie Wang

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Coarse Aggregate ◽

Chloride Ion ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Recycled Concrete ◽

Carbonation Depth ◽

Aggregate Concrete ◽

Recycled Coarse Aggregate ◽

Carbonation Resistance ◽

Two Generations

Carbonation durability is an important subject for recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RAC) applied to structural concrete. Extensive studies were carried out on the carbonation resistance of RAC under general environmental conditions, but limited researches investigated carbonation resistance when exposed to chloride ion corrosion, which is an essential aspect for reinforced concrete materials to be adopted in real-world applications. This paper presents a study on the carbonation durability of two generations of 100% RAC with the effect of chloride ion corrosion. The quality evolution of recycled concrete coarse aggregate (RCA) with the increasing recycling cycles was analyzed, and carbonation depth, compressive strength and the porosity of RAC were measured before and after chloride ion corrosion. The results show that the effect of chloride ion corrosion negatively affected the carbonation resistance of RAC, and the negative effect was more severe with the increasing recycling cycles of RCA. Chloride ion corrosion led to a decrease in compressive strength, while an increase in carbonation depth and the porosity of RAC. The equation of concrete total porosity and carbonation depth was established, which could effectively judge the deterioration of carbonation resistance of RAC.

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