scholarly journals Pesticide Impact on Honeybees Declines and Emerging Food Security Crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farkhanda Manzoor ◽  
Mahnoor Pervez
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Pollinator Decline ◽  
Insecticide Residues ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Colony Collapse ◽  
Bee Foraging ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Bee Decline

Bee crisis is threatening worldwide food security. Pesticides are extensively used in the agricultural zone. Unfortunately, these pesticides cause severe toxicity toward pollinators than the target pests such as honeybees. This review summarizes the different studies related to pesticide hazards of bees. This paper reported risks of pesticides neurological and physiological poisoning toward honeybees. Pesticides act as poison and ruin vital functions involved in leaning and cognition, behavior and, the body physiological mechanisms. Many laboratory and field research data evaluated the lethal and sub-lethal poisoning on bee foraging dance, learning, and memory abilities of honeybees. Insecticide residues are detected in bee bodies and LD50 and LC50 values evaluated. It is also studied that in honeybees systemic insecticide residues and, its metabolite adulterated in their body during foraging activities. Similarly, pesticide-contaminated food stored in a hive consumed continuously by honeybees may cause sub-lethal toxicity effects. Which causes anomalous bee social behavior and ultimately leads to colony collapse disorder. If population of pollinator decline it will disturb the food chain and leads to food crisis. This review emphasized causes of bee decline with the emergence of pesticides in agricultural domains.

scholarly journals Is Current Research on How Climate Change Impacts Global Food Security Really Objective?

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2342
Author(s):  
Wangang Liu ◽  
Yiping Chen ◽  
Xinhua He ◽  
Ping Mao ◽  
Hanwen Tian
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Food

Global food insecurity is becoming more severe under the threat of rising global carbon dioxide concentrations, increasing population, and shrinking farmlands and their degeneration. We acquired the ISI Web of Science platform for over 31 years (1988–2018) to review the research on how climate change impacts global food security, and then performed cluster analysis and research hotspot analysis with VosViewer software. We found there were two drawbacks that exist in the current research. Firstly, current field research data were defective because they were collected from various facilities and were hard to integrate. The other drawback is the representativeness of field research site selection as most studies were carried out in developed countries and very few in developing countries. Therefore, more attention should be paid to developing countries, especially some African and Asian countries. At the same time, new modified mathematical models should be utilized to process and integrate the data from various facilities and regions. Finally, we suggested that governments and organizations across the world should be united to wrestle with the impact of climate change on food security.

Research on the Problems of Abandoned Farmlands in Hilly Areas of Sichuan - Based on the Field Research in Nanchong's Huofeng Village

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4976-4980
Author(s):  
Deng Yao Xu ◽  
Yan Jia Chen ◽  
Gao Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Direct Impact

In recent years, the issue of migrant workers as well as the protection of farmland has been attracting wide attention from society. And it is related to another more serious problem——at least 30% of the arable land is abandoned prevalently in the Midwest and it is spreading, which has a direct impact on the food security of the country. Because it is too complicated to solve, and there is no way to overcome the phenomenon. The author takes abandoned farmlands in Huofeng village Gaoping district, Nanchong city, Sichuan Province for example, and makes generalization and summary to the farmlands abandoned phenomenon as well as its reason through the fieldwork investigation. And meanwhile, make some suggestions about solving the problem of rural areas’ abandoned farmlands in the hilly areas and hope to draw universal attention of the whole society on the phenomenon of abandoned farmlands in rural areas.

Daur Ulang Makanan Tradisional di Tasikmalaya dan Indramayu

Metahumaniora ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Mamat Ruhimat
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Derivative Products ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Research Show

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal jenis-jenis produk olahan dari makanan yang dianggap sudah tidak layak dimakan karena kotor atau basi di wilayah Kecamatan Ciawi Kabupaten Tasikmalaya dan Kecamatan Widasari Kabupaten Indramayu. Makanan tersebut diolah kembali menjadi makanan yang bersih dan layak dimakan. Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan: (1) dapat menjelaskan jenis-jenis produk turunan makanan tradisional Sunda; (2) sebagai sumbangan ilmiah bagi peningkatan ketahanan pangan; dan (3) sebagai bahan kajian nutrisi dan teknologi pangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Teknik yang digunakan adalah survei lapangan untuk menginventarisasi dan mendokumentasikan data. Sebagian data makanan didapat dengan cara langsung mengolahnya di tempat bila bahan-bahannya tersedia. Sebagian lagi diuji coba dengan mencatat resepnya terlebih dahulu karena proses pengolahannya memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama. Dari hasil penelitian lapangan ditemukan produk turunan dari nasi, singkong rebus, pisang, serabi, martabak, roti, tumis-tumisan, jagung rebus, ampas kelapa, sisa kelapa, galendo, talas kukus, dan tape singkong.Kata kunci: produk turunan, makanan, ketahanan panganAbstractThis study aims to identify the types of processed products from foods that are considered not to be eaten because they are dirty or stale in the districts of Ciawi, Tasikmalaya and Widasari and Indramayu. The foods are reprocessed into clean and edible foods. This study is expected to: (1) be able to explain the types of traditional Sundanese food products; (2)share the result as a scientific contribution for increasing food security; and (3) as sources for nutrition and food technology studies. The method used in this study is descriptive method. The technique used is a field survey for inventing and documenting the data. Some data about traditional foods are obtained by direct process on the spot if the ingredients are available. Some are tested by recording the recipe first because the processing takes a long time. The results of this field research show that there are many derivative products from rice, boiled cassava, banana, pancake, martabak, bread, stir-fry, boiled corn, coconut pulp, remaining coconut, galendo, steamed taro, and cassava tape.Keywords: derivative products, food, food security

scholarly journals Food security, where is thy fifth dimension? A comparative analysis of the four dimensions food security framework from the lens of West African smallholder farmers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niagia Santuah ◽  
Joseph Abazaami
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Security Framework ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Fifth Dimension ◽  
Indigenous Methodologies

This study consists of a comprehensive literature review and a qualitative field research to gather empirical data through key informant interviews and focus groups. Using both scientific and indigenous methodologies the study assessed the suitability of the FAO inspired four dimensions food security framework smallholder farmers in Kasem-speaking people in contiguous communities between northern Ghana and southern Burkina Faso. Indigenous methodologies included gathering of wise sayings, proverbs, poems, songs, and riddles. The use of indigenous methodologies was justified because the analysis of Kasem proverbs, expressions and songs give insights into the deeper meanings of cultural concepts and images, which inform their daily practices (Cassiman, 2006). Appreciative Inquiry technique of data collection was used, as it builds on the strengths of the existing system and also emphasizes the practical use of the results of research (Wilson, 2008). Scientific methodologies are inadequate for accessing knowledge in the metaphysical realm which is a key aspect of the worldview of indigenous people. Privacy of participants and confidentiality of information was protected throughout the research. To further protect the confidentiality and also obviate the need for documentation of names of study participants, the study opted for verbal informed consent and assent instead of written. Verbal consent was obtained from participants before interviews were conducted. Identification numbers were assigned to transcripts for organizational purposes only; to indicate the data source category and date. Any potential research participants who chose not to participate, or withdrew their participation during the interview, were cordially thanked for their time and excused. Though a purely qualitative study, data were analysed quantitatively to generate graphs and tables to assess the distribution of opinion on key variables while verbatim quotations were used to support the quantitative information.

On an Economic Treadmill of Agriculture: Efforts to Resolve Pollinator Decline

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sainath Suryanarayanan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pollinator Decline ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Colony Collapse ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
The One

On your next stroll outdoors, you may come across a flowering plant, enjoy its beauty, and perhaps even taste its fruits. A wandering Homo sapiens, however, is probably not the flowering plant’s primary audience; an insect pollinator is more likely the one being wooed. Indeed, the vast biodiversity of flowering plants and insects on Earth is thought to be the result of a fruitful co-evolution over several million years between these organisms (Price 1997, pp. 239–258). Bees, wasps, butterflies, flies, and several other insects are also crucial in their role as pollinators for sus­taining managed agricultural ecosystems (or agro-ecosystems; National Research Council [NRC] 2007). Honey bees (Apis mellifera), managed by beekeepers, are alone estimated to be responsible for over $15 billion worth of increased yield and quality in the United States annually (Morse and Calderone 2000). U.S. growers rent an estimated 2 million beehives each year from beekeepers to pollinate over ninety different fruit, vegetable, and fiber crops (Delaplane and Mayer 2000; NRC 2007). In the first decades of the 21st century, public and scientific attention in the United States and elsewhere has been gripped by frequent reports of declines in populations of insect pollinators (e.g., Biesmeijer et al. 2006; NRC 2007), exemplified most dramatically by the news of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) among managed honey bees (vanEngelsdorp et al. 2009; Pettis and Delaplane 2010). While there are ongoing scientific and public debates over the extent to which the documented declines in insect pollinators constitute a global “pollinator crisis,” whether agricultural productivity has actually declined due to these losses, and what the primary causal factors are, there is nonetheless a consensus that parts of North America and Europe continue to undergo worrying reductions in the diversity and abundance of multiple species of insect pollinators (Ghazoul 2005; Stefan-Dewenter et al. 2005; NRC 2007; Carvalheiro et al. 2013). In this chapter, I analyze the main kinds of efforts that are being taken by key institutional players to resolve the environmental problem of pollinator decline in the United States.

Daur Ulang Makanan Tradisional di Tasikmalaya dan Indramayu

Metahumaniora ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Mamat Ruhimat
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Derivative Products ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Research Show

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal jenis-jenis produk olahan dari makanan yang dianggap sudah tidak layak dimakan karena kotor atau basi di wilayah Kecamatan Ciawi Kabupaten Tasikmalaya dan Kecamatan Widasari Kabupaten Indramayu. Makanan tersebut diolah kembali menjadi makanan yang bersih dan layak dimakan. Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan: (1) dapat menjelaskan jenis-jenis produk turunan makanan tradisional Sunda; (2) sebagai sumbangan ilmiah bagi peningkatan ketahanan pangan; dan (3) sebagai bahan kajian nutrisi dan teknologi pangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Teknik yang digunakan adalah survei lapangan untuk menginventarisasi dan mendokumentasikan data. Sebagian data makanan didapat dengan cara langsung mengolahnya di tempat bila bahan-bahannya tersedia. Sebagian lagi diuji coba dengan mencatat resepnya terlebih dahulu karena proses pengolahannya memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama. Dari hasil penelitian lapangan ditemukan produk turunan dari nasi, singkong rebus, pisang, serabi, martabak, roti, tumis-tumisan, jagung rebus, ampas kelapa, sisa kelapa, galendo, talas kukus, dan tape singkong.Kata kunci: produk turunan, makanan, ketahanan panganAbstractThis study aims to identify the types of processed products from foods that are considered not to be eaten because they are dirty or stale in the districts of Ciawi, Tasikmalaya and Widasari and Indramayu. The foods are reprocessed into clean and edible foods. This study is expected to: (1) be able to explain the types of traditional Sundanese food products; (2)share the result as a scientific contribution for increasing food security; and (3) as sources for nutrition and food technology studies. The method used in this study is descriptive method. The technique used is a field survey for inventing and documenting the data. Some data about traditional foods are obtained by direct process on the spot if the ingredients are available. Some are tested by recording the recipe first because the processing takes a long time. The results of this field research show that there are many derivative products from rice, boiled cassava, banana, pancake, martabak, bread, stir-fry, boiled corn, coconut pulp, remaining coconut, galendo, steamed taro, and cassava tape.Keywords: derivative products, food, food security

scholarly journals Threat to Citrus in a Global Pollinator Decline Scenario: Current Understanding of Its Pollination Requirements and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhankar Gurung ◽  
Arun Chettri
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Pollinator Decline ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Colony Collapse ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
The Impact

Pollinators are vital for world biodiversity and their contribution to agricultural productivity is immense. Pollinators are globally declining with reports such as colony collapse being documented. Citrus exhibits a varying degree of pollination requirements due to its vast cultivars being developed all the time. The article intends to understand the breeding system of a few commercially important Citrus groups and discern its dependency on pollination services. The threat related to pollinator decline to the Citrus industry is measured not only by its reliance on pollinators but also the requirement of the consumers and manufacturers who mostly seek seedless varieties. Therefore, the threat can be tackled by developing high-quality seedless varieties where pollination requirement is absent. Although the importance of pollinators on several self-incompatible varieties cannot be negated, the impact of pollinator decline on its production will entirely depend upon the demand of the market.

scholarly journals Food security, where is thy fifth dimension? A comparative analysis of the four dimensions food security framework from the lens of West African smallholder farmers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niagia Santuah ◽  
Joseph Abazaami ◽  
Joseph Amikuzuno ◽  
Kaunza Nu-Dem Millar
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Security Framework ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Fifth Dimension ◽  
Indigenous Methodologies

This study consists of a comprehensive literature review and a qualitative field research to gather empirical data through key informant interviews and focus groups. Using both scientific and indigenous methodologies the study assessed the suitability of the FAO inspired four dimensions food security framework smallholder farmers in Kasem-speaking people in contiguous communities between northern Ghana and southern Burkina Faso. Indigenous methodologies included gathering of wise sayings, proverbs, poems, songs, and riddles. The use of indigenous methodologies was justified because the analysis of Kasem proverbs, expressions and songs give insights into the deeper meanings of cultural concepts and images, which inform their daily practices (Cassiman, 2006). Appreciative Inquiry technique of data collection was used, as it builds on the strengths of the existing system and also emphasizes the practical use of the results of research (Wilson, 2008). Scientific methodologies are inadequate for accessing knowledge in the metaphysical realm which is a key aspect of the worldview of indigenous people. Privacy of participants and confidentiality of information was protected throughout the research. To further protect the confidentiality and also obviate the need for documentation of names of study participants, the study opted for verbal informed consent and assent instead of written. Verbal consent was obtained from participants before interviews were conducted. Identification numbers were assigned to transcripts for organizational purposes only; to indicate the data source category and date. Any potential research participants who chose not to participate, or withdrew their participation during the interview, were cordially thanked for their time and excused. Though a purely qualitative study, data were analysed quantitatively to generate graphs and tables to assess the distribution of opinion on key variables while verbatim quotations were used to support the quantitative information.

scholarly journals Implications of Pollinator Biodiversity Decline for Food Security, Economy, and Pollinator Conservation Policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Denis Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Pollinator Decline ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Pollinator Conservation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Floral Resource

Pollinator decline is one of the most significant ecological problems of the 21st century. This decline threatens human food security and global economy. In order to address this problem governments across Europe and the USA have introduced national pollinator conservation strategies. These strategies, however, significantly differ in approaches to conservation. The differences at least in part stem from lack of consensus in the literature on whether pollinator biodiversity or abundance of a few common species determines crop pollination. Critical evaluation of empirical evidence available to date outlined in this paper suggests that pollinator biodiversity rather than abundance of dominant species determine quality, magnitude and resilience of pollination ecosystem services to agriculture. In order to maintain pollinator biodiversity conservation strategies and initiatives should focus on enhancing habitat quality, complementarity and connectivity, rather than solely on increasing floral resource abundance and diversity within farmland fields. Conservation strategies currently underway need to be improved to address all three factors through landscape scale interventions. Countries that intend to design and introduce pollinator conservation strategies should take best practices from several existing strategies rather than choosing a single strategy as an example.

Development of Research and Innovation Into the Diversity of Bioresources. Food Security Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Simona Nicoleta Stan ◽  
Amalia Gianina Strateanu
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Legislation And Jurisprudence ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
The Right ◽  
Globalized World

Abstract Doctrine, legislation and jurisprudence have importance in defining typologies of biodiversity bioresources. Matters of doctrine mainly concern to philosophy of life and the complexity of practical and theoretical hypostases in the current global geopolitical order. In a globalized world, with a society strained by social disorder, among the risks humanity, food supply has become a source of insecurity, in addition to the decline of the natural resources, leading to an intensification of problems at local, zonal, regional and/or global level. Multidimensionality of the concept of security includes demographic and food security, energy and the environment, not only military and political-military level. All these components also guarantee the sovereignty of any state. Food security is a complex and general problem of humanity that all countries are responsible for. FAO defines food security as "access of all people directly to the food they need" to meet their vital functions and lead a healthy and active life ". The responsibility of the present generation is to ensure the right to food for future population, through an efficient, fair and rational management of the Earth bioresources. They belong to the common heritage of mankind and to face the challenges of the safety and food security ahead, on long-term we need a bioethic, systematic and multidisciplinary approach for the right to adequate available and accessible food.

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