scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in Almond (Prunus dulcis)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Sana ◽  
Naheed Akhter ◽  
Fozia Amjum ◽  
Samreen Gul Khan ◽  
Muhammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Great Genetic Diversity ◽  
Simple Sequence

Almond (Prunus dulcis), a stone fruit belonging to a family Rosaceae (rose) is broadly cultivated for ornament and fruit. Within this genus, the almond is very much associated with the peach, and these two fruits share the same subgenus the Amygdalus. About 430 species are spread all through the northern temperate regions of the world. The Mediterranean climate region of the Middle East like Turkey and Pakistan eastward to Syria is native to the almond and its related species. Almond is one of the ancient fruit trees known to the Asian as well as European regions with the most primitive proof of cultivation dating about 2000 B.C. Prunus dulcis (Almond) is a nutrient-loaded nut crop. Almond possesses a great genetic diversity due to the genetically controlled self-incompatibility system which can be estimated by a morphological characteristic including molecular markers and isoenzymes with a wide range of marker techniques. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) involving RFLP or SNP are the most commonly used molecular techniques among the DNA-based molecular symbols. Particular agronomic characters, e.g. kernel bitterness or self-compatibility can also be traced by these molecular markers. The direct association between the level of diversity and the basis of the germplasm cannot be understood by the studies of genetic diversity. Genetic diversity cannot be seriously lost by self-compatibility in almonds. The breeding, conservation, and cultivation of wild-growing almonds may similarly advantageous after the genetic diversity research studies (especially those applying molecular markers).

Molecular markers and antioxidant activity in berry crops: Genetic diversity analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Debnath ◽  
Y. L. Siow ◽  
J. Petkau ◽  
D. An ◽  
N. V. Bykova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Genetic Diversity Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Improvement Programs

Debnath, S. C., Siow, Y. L., Petkau, J., An, D. and Bykova, N. V. 2012. Molecular markers and antioxidant activity in berry crops: Genetic diversity analysis. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1121–1133. An improved understanding of important roles of dietary fruits in maintaining human health has led to a dramatic increase of global berry crop production. Berry fruits contain relatively high levels of vitamin C, cellulose and pectin, and produce anthocyanins, which have important therapeutic values, including antitumor, antiulcer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. There is a need to develop reliable methods to identify berry germplasm and assess genetic diversity/relatedness for dietary properties in berry genotypes for practical breeding purposes through genotype selection in a breeding program for cultivar development, and proprietary-rights protection. The introduction of molecular biology techniques, such as DNA-based markers, allows direct comparison of different genetic materials independent of environmental influences. Significant progress has been made in diversity analysis of wild cranberry, lowbush blueberry, lingonberry and cloudberry germplasm, and in strawberry and raspberry cultivars and advanced breeding lines developed in Canada. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers detected an adequate degree of polymorphism to differentiate among berry genotypes, making this technology valuable for cultivar identification and for the more efficient choice of parents in the current berry improvement programs. Although multiple factors affect antioxidant activity, a wide range of genetic diversity has been reported in wild and cultivated berry crops. Diversity analysis based on molecular markers did not agree with those from antioxidant activity. The paper also discusses the issues that still need to be addressed to utilize the full potential of molecular techniques including expressed sequence tag-polymerase chain reaction (EST-PCR) analysis to develop improved environment-friendly berry cultivars suited to the changing needs of growers and consumers.

Review of genetic diversity studies in almond (Prunus dulcis)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Szikriszt ◽  
A. Hegedűs ◽  
J. Halász
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Great Genetic Diversity ◽  
Recent Occurrence ◽  
Diversity Studies

Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb.] is cultivated for its nuts and is one of the oldest domesticated plants. Due to the genetically controlled self-incompatibility system that operates in this species, almond is characterized by great genetic diversity, the estimation of which has benefited from a range of marker techniques, including morphological characteristics, isoenzyme detection and molecular markers. Among the DNA-based molecular markers, simple sequence repeats (SSR) have been used most widely, although analyses have ranged from restriction fragment length polymorphism to the most recent single nucleotide polymorphism detection methods. Molecular markers have also been used to trace specific agronomic traits, e.g. self-(in)compatibility or kernel bitterness. Genetic diversity studies in almond have not revealed a direct relationship between the level of diversity and the origin of the germplasm. This might be explained by the relatively recent occurrence of self-compatibility in almond, which has not yet caused a serious loss of genetic diversity. The markers reviewed will be useful in monitoring and maintaining genetic diversity in almond breeding programmes, while others may permit marker-assisted selection for favourable agronomic traits. The cultivation, breeding and conservation of wild-growing almonds may equally benefit from the genetic diversity studies (especially those applying molecular markers).

Genetic diversity assessment of the almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) traditional germplasm of Algarve, Portugal, using molecular markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. S164-S167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Cabrita ◽  
Elena Apostolova ◽  
Alcinda Neves ◽  
António Marreiros ◽  
José Leitão
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Field Collection ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Local Germplasm ◽  
Simple Sequence

In this study, 123 almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) trees identified among traditional orchards in the Algarve region and 53 trees of the local field collection managed by the regional office of the Portuguese Ministry of Agriculture (DRAALG) were assessed using isozyme, inter-single sequence repeat and simple sequence repeat or microsatellite techniques for the evaluation of genetic diversity and genetic relatedness and identification of new accessions for the field collection. The isozyme analysis allowed the distribution of the 176 plants into 13 different classes of enzyme similarity, while the use of DNA markers increased the distribution of the analysed trees among 140 discriminating DNA patterns. Multiple cases of homonymy and synonymy were identified in the local germplasm. Some traditional varieties, such as Lourencinha, appeared to be relatively homogeneous, while other local denominations, e.g. Galamba, included diverse genotypes. Of the 13 commercial varieties analysed in this study, 11 assembled in one major cluster clearly differentiated from the majority of the local genotypes. These results reinforced the perception that the Algarve traditional germplasm constitutes an important repository of genetic diversity, eventually carrying alleles of high agricultural interest such as the recently identified Phomopsis resistance in the traditional variety Barrinho Grado.

scholarly journals Study of Plant Genetic Variation through Molecular Markers: An Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 464-473
Author(s):  
Zeina S. M. Al-Hadeithi ◽  
Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat Marker ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Simple Sequence

This article refers to viewing the role of molecular markers during analyzing the genome of plants and their importance in plant biotechnology. In recent years, we observed the role of molecular techniques in programs for improving plant breeding and preserving genetic resources has been observed, and molecular and biochemical indicators which represent basic material through determining the diversity between genotypes for indicators it is never affected by external surrounding conditions as always in the phenotype features. Molecular markers of DNA have been widely applied to answer a range of questions related to taxonomy, molecular evolution, population genetics, and genetic diversity, as well as monitoring trade in plants and food products , in addition to its having a role in studying gene expression , genetic mapping, and studies of species evolution providing fast and accurate results. In this work, the advantages and limitations of the molecular techniques applied in plant sciences such as: RAPD (Random Amplification Polymorphic DNA Marker); ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat Marker); SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat Marker); AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphic Marker); RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Marker); SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) and Real Time PCR.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Rheum species (Endangered Medicinal Herb of Indian Himalayan Region) using Molecular Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Anjali Uniyal ◽  
Akhilesh Kumar ◽  
Sweta Upadhyay ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Endangered Medicinal Herb ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Simple Sequence

The Rheum species are important medicinal plants that are facing extinction due to their unplanned development and overexploitation by pharmaceutical industries. DNA polymorphisms are not prone to environmental modifications, thus they are widely used for the identification and characterization of plants. The use of different molecular markers has enabled the researchers for the valuation of genetic variability and diversity in its natural zone of distribution. The conventional approach may take several years to yield this information. For the estimation of molecular and genetic variations in geographical zone of distribution, various molecular markers technique are available like RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA), RFLP (Restriction fragment length polymorphism), ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats), SSR and AFLP. The uses of different molecular markers for the study of genetic diversity have been discussed in the review.

scholarly journals ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) as molecular markers to study genetic diversity in tarantulas (Araneae, Mygalomorphae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salima Machkour‐M'Rabet ◽  
Yann Hénaut ◽  
Ariane Dor ◽  
Gabriela Pérez-Lachaud ◽  
Céline Pélissier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Simple Sequence

Genetic analysis of mango landraces from Mexico based on molecular markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didiana Gálvez-López ◽  
Sanjuana Hernández-Delgado ◽  
Maurilio González-Paz ◽  
Enrique Noe Becerra-Leor ◽  
Miguel Salvador-Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Simple Sequence

Genetic diversity and relationships among 112 mango (Mangifera indica) plants native to 16 states of Mexico and four controls [three mango cultivars (Ataulfo, Manila and Tommy Atkins) and one accession ofMangifera odorata] were evaluated based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers. Mango germplasm shows broad dispersion through Mexico and genetically similar germplasm from different agroecological regions has previously been found by our group. Both AFLP and SSR analyses indicated high genetic similarity among mango populations that were clustered in two major groups: mangos from Gulf of Mexico coastline and mangos from Pacific Ocean coastline and locations far away from the sea. The highest genetic diversity was found within plants from each state, and significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.1921, AFLPs and 0.1911, SSRs) was also observed among mango populations based on geographical origin and genetic status (cultivars versus landraces). Heterozygosity values ranged from low (0.38) to moderate (0.68), and no heterozygote deficits were found. The highest genetic variability was found in mango populations from Tabasco, Michoacán and Oaxaca. Data suggested that mangoes are subjected to natural or induced pollination, so segregation as well as genetic recombination plays major roles on genetic diversification of Mexican mangos. AFLP analysis was more robust than SSR for determining the genetic relationships among mango landraces from Mexico.

Genome-wide identification of SSR markers in the Brassica A genome and their utility in breeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Hobson ◽  
Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic Pools ◽  
High Level ◽  
Simple Sequence

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers can be applied to genotyping projects at low cost with inexpensive equipment. The objective of this study was to develop SSR markers from the publically-available genome sequence of Brassica rapa and provide the physical position of these markers on the chromosomes for use in breeding and research. To assess the utility of these new markers, a subset of 60 markers were used to genotype 43 accessions of B. rapa. Fifty-five markers from the 10 chromosome scaffolds produced a total of 730 amplicons, which were then used to perform a phylogenetic analysis of the accessions, illustrating their utility in distinguishing between a wide range of germplasm. In agreement with similar studies of genetic diversity, our markers separated accessions into distinct genetic pools including Chinese cabbage, Chinese winter oilseed, European winter oilseed, Canadian spring oilseed, pak-choi, turnip, and yellow sarson. The results further illustrate the presence of a high level of genetic diversity in B. rapa, and demonstrate the potential of these SSR markers for use in breeding and research.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY IN SELECTED PROGENY OF PLUM CULTIVAR ‘TULEU GRAS’

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Mădălina Butac ◽  
Mihai Chivu ◽  
Eugenia Mareși
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Great Genetic Diversity ◽  
Almost All

Becoming from several species and influenced by the very varied climate and soil conditions that characterize the Romanian territory, the plum has developed in this area numerous biological forms with a wide range of characters and characteristics. Taking into account these realities, fruit growers have selected valuable forms with an amazing diversity in terms of taste, size, productivity, ripening season, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. Of these, the 'Tuleu gras' variety, due to its high plasticity and fruit quality, was very widespread in orchards in Romania and was used as parent in the autochthonous plum breeding since the second half of the last century, representing a numerous source of genes. Thus, by using this variety in breeding works, so far 23 varieties with a great genetic diversity have been registered. The aim of this paper was to study the phenotypic variability of some of these descendants. Thus, many varieties created in this way from 'Tuleu gras' (‘Piteștean’, ‘Centenar’, ‘Tita’, ‘Roman’) certainly recorded a genetic gain in almost all objectives, being in turn used as parents in the current works plum improvement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document