scholarly journals Landscape of Enhanced Access to Social Protection, Safety Nets and Increased Resilience in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismat Ara Begum ◽  
Rezaul Karim Talukder ◽  
Mohammad Mizanul Haque Kazal ◽  
Mohammad Jahangir Alam
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government

Social protection is an essential government investment that contributes to economic growth and makes growth more pro-poor through directly reducing poverty. The Government is strongly committed to reducing poverty, improving human development and reducing inequality. This commitment is reflected in Vision 2021, the Perspective Plan 2010–2021 and in the Sixth & Seventh Five Year Plans. The Government realizes that notwithstanding the past impressive progress with poverty reduction, there is a substantial number of populations that remains exposed to poverty owing to various vulnerabilities. Evidence shows that the poor and vulnerable group cannot cope with all the frequently occurring risks and shocks with their own resources. In recognition of these concerns, the Government has embarked upon the formulation of a comprehensive National Social Security Strategy. It builds on the past rich experience and seeks to streamline and strengthen the existing safety net programs. It also broadens the scope of Social Security from the narrow safety net concept to include employment policies and social insurance to address the emerging needs. Given this backdrop, this chapter deals with the assessment of social security interventions against Life Cycle Risks, measures for resilience of safety net programs, and finally presents the government priorities based on existing policies.

Changing Approaches of Social Protection: Social Assistance Reform in Urban China

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyuan Shang ◽  
Xiaoming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Dual Processes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The article will examine the latest development of China's urban social assistance reform. Under the impact of the dual processes of globalisation and the deepening market transition, China's social security reform is increasingly taking a new safety net approach to assist the urban poor, instead of relying mainly on social insurance provision. The minimum living security project for urban residents is one of the approaches supplementing social insurance in social protection. In 2002, about one-third of social security beneficiaries were supported by the newly developed social assistance project. The changing approach does not mean that the government is withdrawing from its responsibility for social insurance to the urban workers, but reflects the changing goals and means of social policies. This indicates that China's social welfare system is shifting towards a new residual welfare model.

scholarly journals Public Spending and Poverty Reduction in Indonesia: The Effects of Economic Growth and Public Spending on Poverty Reduction in Indonesia 2009-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Hendrawan Toni Taruno
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Poverty is a complex and multidimensional issue. Over the past four decades, the number of poor in Indonesia has experienced a significant decline, from 40.10 percent in 1976 to 9.82 percent in March 2018. Nevertheless, the disparity of poverty rates between provinces is still quite high. The poverty rate in several provinces in Java Island, for example, is already at the single-digit level, while in Eastern Indonesia, is still more than double-digit level. As it is known, public spending and economic growth are two crucial instruments on poverty reduction programs. This study aims to investigate the role of economic growth and public spending, particularly education, health, and social protection on poverty reduction in Indonesia. By using panel data from 31 provinces during 2009-2018 period, this study used two regression models to analyze the effects of these two variables on poverty reduction, both in urban and rural areas. This study shows that public spending on health and education sectors has a slightly different effect on poverty reduction between urban and rural areas. Convincingly, spending allocation on health and education has had a significant effect to reduce poverty rate in rural areas, while the decline of poverty rates in urban is likely more influenced by spending on health. This study also shows that over the past ten years, economic growth and social protection spending did not have a significant effect on reducing poverty rates. Therefore, in order to reduce poverty more effectively, it would be better for the government to focus its poverty reduction programs on investment in health and education sectors.

scholarly journals Transformation of Social Insurance as an Instrument of Social Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Olga Miller ◽  
Elena Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
The Social ◽  
Security Funds ◽  
The Government

he development of social insurance is a highly researched issue. However, its place and role in the system of social protection remains understudied, as well as its current transformations under the changing socio-economic conditions. The research objective was to analyze the development of social insurance as an instrument of social security in Russia and in the Siberian Federal District. The study featured the theoretical and practical aspects of the application of social insurance in the changing system of social security. The research was based on a systematic approach to social security and social insurance as one of its most important mechanisms. The article introduces a review of domestic and foreign researches. It also focuses on an analysis of related regulations and statistic data. The methods and materials made it possible to conduct a thorough analysis of the development of the compulsory social insurance in Russia as a governmental instrument. The authors also described the legal framework in the field of social insurance. The government supports the Social Security Funds. In the Siberian Federal District, the budget of the Social Security Funds increased due to the growing number of insurance premiums, e.g. taxes and penalties, as well as due to the state participation. The research revealed some changes processes in the sphere of social security in the Russian Federation. The changes proved to affect social insurance and the whole insurance industry.

scholarly journals Financial support of state social guarantees in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 206-217
Author(s):  
Yuliia Nakonechna ◽  
Anastasia Rybalka
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Social Insurance Fund ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Relevance of the research topic. The development and improvement of the financial system of Ukraine is hindered by the low social responsibility of the state, society, and business. The modern transformation of principles and approaches to the determination of socially important social standards and the sources of their financing requires a deep theoretical understanding of the problems of social security of the population, therefore, the study of the issue of financing social guarantees by the state is timely and relevant. Formulation of the problem. Social guarantees are those essential elements in the functioning of the state, determine the stability of society and its security, and affect the implementation of the social and economic policies of the government. It is this element that should ensure the guarantee of a decent standard and quality of life for every citizen, and, consequently, a high level of well-being of the population as a whole. Analysis of recent research and publications. The role and essence of social guarantees in the fulfillment of the social function of the state has been thoroughly investigated in many scientific works of modern economists. A separate issue of financial support of social guarantees is the work of О. D. Vasilik,S. H. Batazhok, V. M. Grineva, V. P. Gorina, D. I. Sukhovиy, N. D. Hlazko, L. V. Lysyak, V. M. Oparin, V. B. Tropinа, V. M. Fedosov and others. Highlighting unexplored parts of a common problem. The question of ways to overcome the contradiction between the real needs of citizens receiving social support of the state and those financial opportunities (resources) of the state with which it can provide these needs of the population remains insufficiently studied. Setting goals, research objectives. The purpose of the article is to identify contemporary problems of financing state social guarantees in Ukraine. The goal determines the need to solve the following tasks: to analyze the nature, types of social guarantees, evaluate budget indicators of social security of citizens, identify obstacles and necessary steps towards the implementation of a full-fledged mechanism of financial guarantees of social protection of the population. Method or methodology of the study. When writing the article, a set of scientific research methods was used: general scientific and special methods, in particular, system-structural analysis and synthesis, the method of statistical analysis, comparison, generalization, as well as graphical and tabular methods to clearly illustrate the phenomena studied and the like. Statement of the main material (results of work). The article reveals the essence of state social guarantees as a system of financial support of an adequate standard of living of an individual. Priority tasks for ensuring the functioning in Ukraine of an effective financial mechanism for providing social guarantees to the population are highlighted. The article states that most of the financing of social guarantees is based on the expenses of the state budget and local budgets. The basic standard on the basis of which the calculation of the volume of social guarantees and benefits aimed at social protection and social security is carried out is the cost of living. An important source of financial support for social guarantees are social non-budget funds, which include the Pension Fund of Ukraine, the Social Insurance Fund and the Compulsory State Social Insurance Fund for Unemployment. The financial resources accumulated in them are directed to the material support of a significant part of the citizens of the state who are participants in the system of national pension and social insurance and are designed to overcome the consequences of social insurance events. Scope of the results. The theoretical provisions, conclusions and suggestions presented in the article, developed on the basis of the analysis of indicators of state financial support of social guarantees, develop the theory and practice of the policy of financing social guarantees in the country, allow us to identify ways and directions for improving it to achieve social protection and increase the welfare of the population. Conclusions and results can be used in planning social expenditures of the government, in socio-economic research of scientific analytical centers, in the educational process of economic faculties of higher educational institutions. Conclusions are consistent with the article. State social guarantees play an important role in the functioning of the state, because through the system of social guarantees the state affects the redistribution of GDP, under their influence indicators of financing various social programs are formed, which determines the directions and priorities of state policy. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that it is necessary to draw up and publish a “social” budget - a product of public dialogue between state and non-state financial institutions, employers, independent authoritative economists, and public organizations, which will contribute to the development of civil society in a socially oriented country.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Asasi Pasien Pengguna Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kelas 3

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-139
Author(s):  
Eka Ryanda Pratiwi ◽  
Mahdi Syahbandir ◽  
Azhari Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Equity Principle ◽  
Social Security Agency ◽  
Banda Aceh

Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) berfungsi menyelenggarakan program jaminan kesehatan secara nasional berdasarkan prinsip asuransi sosial dan prinsip ekuitas dengan tujuan menjamin agar peserta memperoleh manfaat kesehatan. Pasal 1 angka 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2011 tentang Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial menyatakan bahwa Jaminan sosial adalah salah satu bentuk perlidungan sosial untuk menjamin seluruh rakyat agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dasar hidupnya yang layak. Dalam Pasal 224, 225, dan 226 Undang-Undang Nomor 11 tahun 2006 tentang UUPA, kewajiban kepada Pemerintah Aceh untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan secara menyeluruh kepada penduduk Aceh terutama penduduk miskin, fakir miskin, anak yatim dan terlantar. Pasien BPJS Kelas 3 di beberapa Rumah Sakit di Kota Banda Aceh memerlukan perlindungan secara hukum dalam menerima pelayanan kesehatan yang bertujuan menjamin adanya kepastian hukum yang didapatkan oleh pasien, sehingga pasien terhindar dari kerugian saat menerima pelayanan kesehatan yang seharusnya diberikan secara baik dan optimal oleh tenaga kesehatan.Kerugian sebagaimana dimaksud berupa kerugian atas kerusakan, pencemaran, dan atau kerugian menderita penyakit/cacat sebagai akibat perbuatan/kesalahan dokter. Bentuk ganti kerugian berupa perawatan kesehatan dalam rangka memulihkan kondisi pasien, pengembalian uang atau pengembalian barang dan atau pemberian santunan yang sesuai dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan.National Social Security Agency (BPJS) has a function to conduct national health of social security based social insurance principle and equity principle aiming at securing the members in order to obtain the benefit of health care. Article 1 point 2 of the Act Number 24, 2011 regarding National Social Security Agency stipulates that Social Security is one of the forms of social protection in securing all people to fulfill basic need of proper lives. Articles 224, 225, and 226 of the Act Number 11, 2006 regarding Aceh Governance Act oblige the Aceh Government especially the poor, orphan and abandoned kids. Patients of the National Social Security Agency of Class 3 in several hospitals in Banda Aceh need law protection in providing health services aiming to secure the existence of law certainty acquired by the patients hence it prevents from the loss while accepting the health services that should be provided well and optimally by medical staffs. The loss aforementioned are damages, contamination, or suffering from illness/disability resulted from medical malpractice. The kinds of the loss are health care in recovering patients’ condition, compensating or returning things or the compensation that is not based on existing rules.

scholarly journals Agriculture Development, Employment Generation and Poverty Reduction in West Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romanus Osabohien ◽  
Oluwatoyin Matthew ◽  
Obindah Gershon ◽  
Toun Ogunbiyi ◽  
Ebere Nwosu
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Capital Development

Background: The problem of poverty eradication has been limited to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region, which accounts for more than 40% of the world's poor population. The majority of these people are rural farmers who depend solely on agriculture for livelihood. Agriculture in West Africa remains the largest means of employment in which more than 60% of the sub-region’s active labour force is involved. Objective: This study examined the potentials of agriculture to generate employment for the people, thereby reducing the level of poverty in West Africa. Methods: The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) econometric technique was employed in this study for the panel data covering the period of 17 years (2000 to 2016). Results: Results from the study showed that agriculture provides the opportunity for the poor to increase their earnings to escape the poverty trap, whether the poor can seize these agricultural opportunities depends on their human capital development. Conclusion: The study, therefore, concluded that effective policies (e.g. social protection) should be formulated in the agricultural development plans that will prioritize sustainable land and water management, access to markets, and the food security. To achieve this, the use of modern methods should be encouraged through farm incentives to boost agricultural production and increase farmer’s income which is earned through the sale of agricultural commodities, and thus; in the long run, increase the revenue accruing to the government and reduce the rate of poverty.

Assessing the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) program as a conditional income transfer: a search for a conceptual framework

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhassan Abdul-Wakeel Karakara ◽  
Ernest Amoabeng Ortsin
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Poor

Purpose Ghana has implemented different kinds of pro-poor program and policies since its independence to reduce poverty. The Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) is one of such program. LEAP is a social cash transfer program and its implementation has been under the auspices of the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection since 2008. It provides direct cash and health insurance coverage for extremely poor households across the country to alleviate short-term poverty and encourage long-term human capital development. This paper examines the LEAP program in terms of how it has achieved its aim and the opportunities for improvement.Design/methodology/approach Primary data were obtained from interviews of 110 beneficiaries of the program. The study proposes a conceptual framework that links poverty reduction and social policies to assist researchers analyze pro-poor or social cash transfer program.Findings The findings show that the program is challenged with administrative bureaucracies, irregular inflow of funds, perceived political interferences, inconsistent implementation strategies and low value of the cash transfer (which results in little or no impact on consumption). However, the data also show that LEAP has positive impacts on nonconsumption spending like children's schooling. The program' exit strategy does not impact much on beneficiaries to allow them exit without the tendency of being poor.Practical implications This paper discussed the LEAP program as a social cash transfer to the poor in Ghana. The study constructed a conceptual framework to help researchers and practitioners analyze the implementation of pro-poor interventions. This conceptualization allows for cash transfer program to empower beneficiaries and exits them to allow for other beneficiaries to enroll, ensuring reduction in poverty over time. Generally, the beneficiaries have benefited from the LEAP in the areas of consumption, education and healthcare with few beneficiaries being able to accumulate some few assets. The LEAP program has no exit plan.Originality/value This study adds to literature by offering a conceptual framework to help researchers and policy makers in dealing with social assistance policies to the poor. The study also gave an insight into how pro-poor policy strategies could be crafted.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH MICRO CREDIT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
T. Indumathi ◽  
G. Savaraiah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Credit

The World Bank's Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project supports the self helf groups of the women members. It promotes women's social, economic, legal and political empowerment to reduce poverty among the poor and the poorest of the poor. The important object of this article is to examine the impact of micronance on the socio economic empowerment of the rural women supported by the national reputed NGO- Rashtriya Seva Samithi (RASS). 184 women members of the SHGs promoted by Rasthriya Seva Samathi (RASS) an NGO which located in Tirupati town. 184 samples are selected randomly from 15 SHGs scattered throughout the Tirupati rural mandal (Taluk) from the area of the study have been considered to conduct the present research study. The study reveals that 87.71 percent of the sample women were below the poverty line before joining the SHGs. As a result of SHG, about 40 percent of the sample women crossed the poverty line. The highest intensive value indicates that more women have participated in social agitations for the welfare of the children and the society. The second highest intensity reveals that considerable numbers of women of SHGs have participated in the government sponsored schemes. The 1st point secured 3rd rank with total intensity value of 605 which status that the micro credit has resulted in increased social status and empowerment.

Some Actuarial Aspects of Unemployment Insurance

1929 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-160
Author(s):  
J. G. Kyd ◽  
G. H. Maddex
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Poor Laws ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
National Insurance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government

Judged by the amount of space devoted to the subject in the Journal of the Institute, Unemployment Insurance has received but little attention from actuaries in the past Public interest in the problem of relieving distress due to unemployment became pronounced in the early years of the present century and led to the appointment in 1904 of a Royal Commission on the Poor Laws and, eventually, to the passing in 1911 of the first Unemployment Insurance Act. These important events found a somewhat pallid reflection in our proceedings in the form of reprints of extracts from Sir H. Llewellyn Smith's address on Insurance against Unemployment to the British Association in 1910 (J.I.A., vol. xliv, p. 511) and of Mr. Ackland's report on Part II of the National Insurance Bill (J.I.A., vol. xlv, p. 456). At a later date, when the scope of the national scheme was very greatly widened, the Government Actuary's report on the relevant measure—the Unemployment Insurance Bill 1919—was reprinted in the Journal (J.I.A., vol. lii, page 72).

scholarly journals Enhancing rural livelihoods in Tanza-nia : A small-holder farmers’ perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Kinyondo ◽  
Joseph Magashi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Small Holder

Poverty reduction has been a difficult milestone for Tanzania to achieve despite recording remarkable economic growth over the past decade. This is because the attained growth is not inclusive, in that sectors contributing to this growth employ fewer people. Given the fact that agriculture continues to employ the majority of people in Tanzania, efforts to improve livelihoods should necessarily be geared towards transforming the sector. It is in this context that using a sample of 3,000 farmers from 13 regions of Tanzania; this Tanzania, this study set out to examine challenges facing farmers and their respective solutions following the sustainable livelihood framework. Findings show that improving farmers’ livelihoods would entail concerted efforts by the government to avail to farmers, quality and affordable seeds, fertilizer, agricultural infrastructures, subsidies, extension services, markets, information alert, affordable loans, and areas for pastures. This implies that the government needs to allocate enough funds to the agricultural sector if farmers’ needs are to be met. We note, however, that government’s allocation to the sector has alarmingly generally been exhibiting a declining trend for the past four years. It is against this background that we strongly recommend that the government rethinks its position and prioritize the agricultural sector in its budget.

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