scholarly journals The Comparison Between Neuropsychological Features of Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures and Epileptic Seizures

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahare oji ◽  
Hamide Ajam Zibadi ◽  
Mahrooz Roozbeh ◽  
Leila Simani ◽  
Ahmad Ali Noorbala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Background: Both epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are often associated with some degree of cognitive impairment. Video electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring is the gold standard for diagnosing PNES. This diagnostic procedure is costly and available in specific tertiary centers. Neuropsychological assessment can provide clues for the differential diagnosis of PNES and ES and help clarify the nature and etiology of these two disorders. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to compare the neuropsychological profiles of PNES and ES patients. Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 30 patients with ES and 31 patients with PNES were compared by neuropsychiatric tests, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (WAIS), Addenbrooke’s Cognitive examination (ACE), and California Verbal Learning test (CVLT). Results: There was a female predominance in the PNES group (female-to-male ratio = 4.16/1, P = 0.003). In the PNES group, 77.4% of the patients had a psychiatric disorder versus 66.7% of the patients in the ES group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.34). The mean score of total intelligence was higher in the PNES group (84.77 ± 16.94), compared to the ES group (83.63 ± 10.04); however, the difference was not significant (P = 0.75). Based on the mean subscale scores, the digit symbol score (WAIS-IV subscale) and memory score (ACE subscale) were significantly higher in the PNES group compared to the ES group (P = 0.037 and 0.032, respectively). Conclusions: This study showed that neuropsychological assessments might not differentiate ES from non-epileptic seizures.

scholarly journals Test of Premorbid Functioning: You’re Doing It Wrong, but Does It Matter?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D Shura ◽  
Anna S Ord ◽  
Sarah L Martindale ◽  
Holly M Miskey ◽  
Katherine H Taber
Keyword(s):  
Score Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Premorbid Functioning ◽  
Performance Validity Measures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Abstract Objective Clarify procedures to correctly score Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) and assess the accuracy of TOPF scores in the estimation of premorbid intellectual functioning. Method In this cross-sectional study, post-9/11 veterans (N = 233, 84.12% male) completed the TOPF, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV), and performance validity measures. Results All TOPF scores were significantly correlated with WAIS-IV FSIQ scores (range r = 0.56–.73). The degree of discrepancy between TOPF scores and FSIQ varied with 10%–17% of TOPF scores deviating from FSIQ scores by one SD or more. Conclusions Proper TOPF scoring procedures are presented. The TOPF Actual and Predicted scores were related to FSIQ. However, a higher percentage of Actual and Predicted scores were discrepant from FSIQ compared with the other three TOPF estimates, arguing against their use as independent premorbid estimates. Use of the TOPF as was designed is recommended.

A Factor Analytic Approach to the WAIS–III and WMS–III: Clinical Interpretation of the WAIS–III and WMS–III. D.S. Tulsky, D.H. Saklofske, G.J. Chelune, R.K. Heaton, R.J. Ivnik, R. Bornstein, A. Prifitera, and M.F. Ledbetter (Eds.). 2003. Amsterdam: Academic Press. 618 pp., $75.00.

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1024-1025
Author(s):  
W. Gary Snow
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
The United States ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Psychological Corporation ◽  
List Learning ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

This is an edited collection of papers that focuses on various aspects of the most recent revision of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS–III) and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS–III). The papers in this volume fall into three broad areas. The first section of the book (and part of one of the subsequent chapters) provides an overview of the history of the development of measures of memory and intelligence, with particular emphasis on the Wechsler scales. These chapters are thoroughly delightful, and the only shortcoming is that they are too brief. Indeed, though over 100 pages are devoted to this topic, there are a number of questions about the measures which could have been answered but weren't. (For example, given the cost and time pressures on psychological assessment, why were the tests—particularly the WMS–III—lengthened? Why, for example, include a measure of list learning when Psychological Corporation already published the California Verbal Learning Test? Why, after all these years, hasn't the WAIS Information subtest been dropped or the content made less specific to the United States? What led to the decision to include a verbally mediated measure of visual memory on the WMS–III, a decision which can make it harder to evaluate visual memory in aphasics?) Given how involved they were in the revisions of the WAIS and WMS, the editors would appear to have been uniquely positioned to provide a more in-depth discussion of the issues that arose during this process and how these issues were resolved.

Can maintaining cognitive function at 65 years old predict successful ageing 6 years later? The PROOF study

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Castro-Lionard ◽  
Catherine Thomas-Antérion ◽  
Emilie Crawford-Achour ◽  
Isabelle Rouch ◽  
Béatrice Trombert-Paviot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Successful Ageing ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Benton Visual Retention Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Abstract Background: preservation of cognitive abilities is required to have a good quality of life. The predictive value of cognitive functioning at 65 years old on successful ageing 6 years later is not established. Methods: nine hundred and seventy-six questionnaires were sent by mail to a sample of healthy and voluntary French pensioners. Successful ageing was defined through health status and well-being. Cognitive abilities had been assessed 6 years earlier according to an objective method (Free and Cued Selective Recall Reminding Test (FCSRT), the Benton visual retention test and the similarities subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised) and a subjective one (Goldberg's anxiety scale, Mac Nair's scale and a Visual Analogue Scale to evaluate memory abilities change in the last 5 years). Results: six hundred and eighty-six questionnaires could be analysed. The mean age was 72.9 ± 1.2 years old with 59% of women and 99% lived at home. Well-being was negatively correlated with the FCSRT (r = −0.08, P = 0.0318) but positively related with the Benton (r = 0.09, P = 0.0125) and the similarities tests (r = 0.09, P = 0.0118). There is a negative correlation between anxious and cognitive complaints measured at baseline, and successful ageing indicators 6 years later. Conclusion: preservation of cognitive abilities at the age of retirement can predict a successful ageing 6 years later. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00759304.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study to compare the biochemical parameters in low normal versus high normal plasma glucose levels in euglycemic individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Jhavar ◽  
Neha Kirti ◽  
Sumit Kumar Vishwakarma ◽  
Umesh Kumar Chandra ◽  
Vinod Verma
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: Since a long time ago, the experts have realized that determination of cut-off point for diagnosing diabetes will be revised over time with the lower blood glucose level as the more sensitive diagnosis for detecting the occurring complication and biochemical changes.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of medicine, M.G.M. Medical College and M.Y. Hospital Indore from July, 2016 to August, 2017 in 200 individuals and patients having euglycemic status attending General Medicine OPD.Results: In the low and high normal group 2 (2.0%) and 8 (8.0%) were having abnormal total cholesterol (TC) level respectively. The mean total cholesterol in the low normal group was 117.16±26.94mg/dl and it was 154.74±28.38mg/dl in the high normal group. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.000). In the low and high normal group, 4 (4.0%) and 17 (17.0%) were having abnormal triglyceride (TG) levels respectively. The mean TG levels in the low and high normal group were 96.93±22.64mg/dl and 110.55±32.37mg/dl respectively. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.001). In the low and high normal group, 6 (6.0%) and 14 (14.0%) patient was having abnormal uric acid levels respectively. The mean uric acid levels in the low and high normal group was 4.88±1.10mg/dl and 5.31±1.31mg/dl respectively. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.013).Conclusions: Higher levels of Cholesterol and Triglycerides were found more commonly in high normal euglycemic group compared to low normal euglycemic group. Mean cholesterol and mean triglyceride levels were higher in high normal euglycemic group.

scholarly journals Association of 12-Month Contraceptive Supply Policy and Months of Oral Contraception Prescribed by Obstetrics and Gynecology Physicians: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Fuerst ◽  
Kaitlin Schrote ◽  
Bharti Garg ◽  
Maria Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
Physician Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Supply Policy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
United States Standard

Abstract Objective This study sought to determine if there was a difference in the months of oral contraception prescribed by physicians living in U.S. states with a 12-month supply policy compared to physicians in states without a policy. Methods We conducted an exploratory descriptive study using a convenience sample of Obstetrics & Gynecology resident physicians (n=275) in the United States. Standard bivariate analyses were used to compare the difference between groups. Results Few physicians in both groups (3.8% with a policy and 1.4% without a policy) routinely prescribed a 12-month supply of contraception. The mean coverage prescribed by providers in states with and without a policy was 2.81 and 2.07 months (p<0.05). Conclusions The majority of physicians were unaware of 12-month contraceptive supply policies and unable to correctly write a prescription for 12-months of contraception, regardless of whether they lived in a state with a 12-month contraceptive supply policy. Physician education may be needed to effectively implement 12-month contraceptive supply policies.

scholarly journals A-011 Stability of Impairment Rating Discrepancies in a Longitudinal Observational Alzheimer’s Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-801
Author(s):  
Kaylegian J ◽  
Ritter A ◽  
Caldwell J
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wide Range Achievement Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Abstract Objective The present study investigated frequency and 12-month persistence of discrepant Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment ratings of impairment. Methods We examined CDR and neuropsychological test scores from year 1 and 2 visits of 162 adults enrolled in a longitudinal observational study. Neuropsychological measures included Wide Range Achievement Test, American National Adult Reading Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, Dementia Rating Scale 2nd edition, Boston Naming, Verbal Fluency/Color Word Interference from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, Judgment of Line Orientation, Trail Making Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and Digit Span/Letter Number Sequencing from The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 4th edition. Discrepancies were defined as: CDR = 0 and 2 test impairments, CDR = 0.5 and &gt; 5 or 0 impairments, CDR = 1 and 0 impairments. Results Including all test domains, 40.1% of participants in year 1 and 44.3% in year 2 showed discrepancies. 69% maintained this discrepancy at year 2 and 68% of these showed no change in discrepancy type. Considering only memory tests, 37% of participants in year 1 and 28.4% in year 2 showed discrepancies, with 45% maintaining at year 2 (74% showing no change in discrepancy type). A majority of discrepancies observed in both years 1 and 2 revealed the CDR was under reporting impairment compared to the neuropsychological battery year. Conclusions The results provide evidence that within our study population, impairment as rated by the CDR frequently does not match the level of measured cognitive impairment and this observation is stable year to year.

scholarly journals Difference of Maternal Serum Interleukin-8 in Preterm Labor and Full Term Labor

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komang W Budiartha
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
T Test ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Term Labor

Objective: To determine the difference of maternal interleukin-8 (IL-8) in preterm labor and full term labor. Method: This is a cross sectional study with 68 samples, 29 subjects with preterm labor and 39 subjects with full term labor. IL-8 concentration was obtained from blood samples of the subjects, which were examined at Prodia Laboratory Denpasar. Data was analyzed using t-test for independent samples with =0.05. Result: The mean IL-8 level for the preterm labor group was 23.56 10.69 pg/ml and 12.19 5.79 pg/ml for the full term labor group. Statistical analysis using independent samples t-test showed that the average IL-8 level of both groups were significantly different (p=0.001). Conclusion: We concluded from this study that serum IL-8 concentration in women who had preterm labor is significantly higher in comparison to women who had full term labor. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 4: 185-187] Keywords: full term labor, interleukin-8, preterm labor

scholarly journals Correlation Between Stigma and Quality of Life in Leprosy Patients in Mehrab Khan Region of Mashhad

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Safavi Bayat ◽  
Wim Van Brakel ◽  
Hamideh Ebrahimi ◽  
Nadere Naderi Ravesh ◽  
Nezhat Shakeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Dimension ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Leprosy is one of the oldest chronic diseases, and similar to other infectious diseases, it causes long-term physical and social effects on the lives of patients and their families. This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 103 patients with leprosy in Mashhad in the Mehrab Khan region in March 2016. The sampling method was convenience sampling. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 19. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential tests (ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and independent t-test) were used. The results showed that the mean age of patients was 65.2±8.1 years and the mean age of developing leprosy was 15.3±7.03. There was an inverse correlation between the score of overall stigma, internal stigma, and all dimensions of quality of life that was statistically significant, except for the social dimension (r= -0.181…; P=0.067). There was an inverse correlation between the psychological dimension of quality of life and experienced stigma. The highest score of the overall quality of life was related to divorced patients with a mean score of 79.7, which was statistically significant (P=0.016) from those who were not divorced. In post-hoc test, just the difference between widow and divorced were significant regarding quality of life. According to results, there was a negative correlation between the quality of life and all aspects of stigma using the SARI tool.

scholarly journals Social Media and Academic Impact: Do Early Tweets Correlate With Future Citations?

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110421
Author(s):  
Nilan G. Vaghjiani ◽  
Vatsal Lal ◽  
Nima Vahidi ◽  
Ali Ebadi ◽  
Matthew Carli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Citation Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Academic Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Citations

Objective: Determine whether social media platforms can influence article impact as measured by citations. Methods: Cross-sectional study that analyzed articles published in the top 10 otolaryngology journals by Eigenfactor score in January 2015. Total accumulated Twitter mentions and citations were recorded in 2021. The main outcomes examined the difference in citations, tweets, article types, and author counts accumulated over a 5-year period for all articles that were either tweeted or nontweeted. Results: A total of 3094 articles were included for analysis. The average article was cited 11.2 ± 13.2 times and tweeted 2.10 ± 4.0 times. Sixty-four percent of the articles had at least one tweet. Over the study period, there was a statistically significant difference in mean number of citations between tweeted articles (12.1 ± 15.0) versus nontweeted articles (9.6 ± 10.5) citations, representing a 26% difference ( P < .001). Review articles had the highest mean citations (19.4 ± 23.4) while editorials had the lowest mean citations (2.8 ± 6.9). Tweets peaked in the year of publication, but citations continued to rise in the subsequent years. Tweeted articles’ peak citation rate change was +1.27 mean citations per year, compared to +0.99 mean citations per year in nontweeted articles. The mean author count in tweeted articles (5.40 ± 3.1) was not significantly different than the mean author count in nontweeted articles (5.19 ± 2.65, P = .0794). Conclusion: These data suggest a moderate correlation between tweets and article citations, but a clear difference in the number of citations in articles tweeted versus those with no tweets. Thus, dissemination of knowledge may be impacted by social medial platforms such as Twitter.

scholarly journals A study to know the various causes of pleural effusion and role of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase enzyme in tuberculous pleural effusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1231
Author(s):  
Avdhesh Kumar ◽  
Brijesh Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Verma ◽  
Anand Kumar ◽  
R. K. Mathur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Tuberculous Pleural Effusion ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: India has the maximum burden of both non MDR tuberculosis (TB) and Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) TB, as per data reported in Global TB Report 2018 and tuberculosis is remains one of the most common cause of pleural effusions.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Respiratory Diseases and a total of 110 patients with pleural effusion were included in the study, which were enrolled for treatment from July 2018 to June 2019.Results: One hundred and ten patients with pleural effusion were enrolled during the study period. There were 65 males (59%) and 45 (40.9%) females.  The overall mean age for males and females were 44.4±18.84 years (35-87 years) and 38.28±17.66 years (35-87 years) respectively. Tuberculous Pleural Effusion group (TPE) seen in 82 patients. Right sided pleural effusion (69.5 %) were more common than left sided (30.4 %). In TPE group the mean pleural fluid ADA level were 86.41±38.08 IU/L (range: 14-195 IU/L). The Malignant Pleural Effusion (MPE) group included 21 patients. In MPE group the mean pleural fluid ADA level were 34.10±32.88 IU/L (range: 8-144 IU/L). The difference in pleural fluid ADA levels between TPE and MPE group was statistically highly significant.Conclusions: Tuberculous pleural effusion was the most common cause of pleural effusion in present study and observed in 74.5% cases.

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