The Prevalence of Viruses in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Aseptic Meningitis in Shiraz, Iran

Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the causative agents of viral meningitis through real-time PCR among children with aseptic meningitis. Methods: Children aged 1 month to 16 years with suspected viral meningitis were enrolled in this study (March 2014-February 2015). Cerebrospinal fluid samples were analyzed by real-time PCR for detection of enterovirus, mumps, measles, adenovirus, EBV, CMV, VZV, hhv 6, and rubella viruses. Demographic information, laboratory data, and clinical presentations of patients were also collected. Results: Of 56 patients suspected to viral meningitis, 21 (38.9 %) had a positive PCR result. Enterovirus (42.85%) and mumps (38.1%) were the most prevalent viruses, and VZV and measles were not detected. Three children were coinfected with enterovirus/hhv6, enterovirus/EBV, and mump/adenovirus. Fever, headache, and nausea/vomiting were the most common symptoms in children. The rates of symptoms were not statistically significant among children with positive and negative PCR tests. Conclusions: In the present study Enterovirus and mumps viruses were the most common causes of viral meningitis in children. PCR, as a rapid test for the diagnosis of viral meningitis, can be used to decrease hospitalization length.

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Laboratory surveillance of viral meningitis by examination of cerebrospinal fluid in Cape Town, 1981–9

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026880005706x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 111 (2) ◽

pp. 357-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

J. P. McIntyre ◽

G. A. Keen

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Aseptic Meningitis ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Cape Town ◽

Viral Meningitis ◽

Laboratory Surveillance ◽

Coxsackie B

SummaryNine years accumulated laboratory data derived from the culture of the cerebrospinal fluid of 11 360 aseptic meningitis cases were retrospectively reviewed to establish the epidemiology of viral meningitis in Cape Town. Virus was isolated from 3406 of the cases (91% enteroviruses and 9% mumps).Five major summer viral meningitis episodes were documented: two of echovirus 4 (706 and 445 cases), echovirus 9 (223), coxsackie A9 (104) and one of unidentified enterovirus (324 cases – probably echo 9). Although coxsackie B was endemic, clusters of one or other type were dominant at any one time. Mumps was endemic. Sixty-two percent of all viral cases were <5 years old. The median ages of 4 and 5 years in echoviruses 9 and 4 (the epidemic strains) contrasted with that of 1 year in coxsackie B (with many cases <3 months old). Mumps peaked at 3–4 years of age. Males dominated overall, particularly in mumps.

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WITHDRAWN: Molecular detection and genotyping of bacterial and viral meningitis common causative agents by multiplex real-time PCR in Iran

Journal of Microbiological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105715 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 105715

Author(s):

Ali Pormohammad ◽

Taher Azimi ◽

Seyedeh Marzieh Jabbari Shiadeh ◽

Ghazaleh Talebi ◽

Ali Hashemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Viral Meningitis ◽

Causative Agents

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Direct Molecular Detection and Genotyping ofBorrelia burgdorferi Sensu Latoin Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Lyme Neuroborreliosis

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.01868-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bjørn Barstad ◽

Hanne Quarsten ◽

Dag Tveitnes ◽

Sølvi Noraas ◽

Ingvild S. Ask ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Real Time ◽

Short Duration ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Lyme Neuroborreliosis ◽

Content Type ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Csf Pleocytosis ◽

Pcr Assays

ABSTRACTThe current diagnostic marker of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), theBorrelia burgdorferisensu latoantibody index (AI) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), has insufficient sensitivity in the early phase of LNB. We aimed to elucidate the diagnostic value of PCR forB. burgdorferisensu latoin CSF from children with symptoms suggestive of LNB and to exploreB. burgdorferisensu latogenotypes associated with LNB in children. Children were prospectively included in predefined groups with a high or low likelihood of LNB based on diagnostic guidelines (LNB symptoms, CSF pleocytosis, andB. burgdorferisensu latoantibodies) or the detection of other causative agents. CSF samples were analyzed by twoB. burgdorferisensu lato-specific real-time PCR assays and, ifB. burgdorferisensu latoDNA was detected, were further analyzed by five singleplex real-time PCR assays for genotype determination. For children diagnosed as LNB patients (58 confirmed and 18 probable) (n= 76) or non-LNB controls (n= 28), the sensitivity and specificity of PCR forB. burgdorferisensu latoin CSF were 46% and 100%, respectively.B. burgdorferisensu latoDNA was detected in 26/58 (45%) children with AI-positive LNB and in 7/12 (58%) children with AI-negative LNB and symptoms of short duration. Among 36 children with detectableB. burgdorferisensu latoDNA, genotyping indicatedBorrelia garinii(n= 27) and non-B. garinii(n= 1) genotypes, while 8 samples remained untyped. Children with LNB caused byB. gariniidid not have a distinct clinical picture. The rate of detection ofB. burgdorferisensu latoDNA in the CSF of children with LNB was higher than that reported previously. PCR forB. burgdorferisensu latocould be a useful supplemental diagnostic tool in unconfirmed LNB cases with symptoms of short duration.B. gariniiwas the predominant genotype in children with LNB.

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Diagnosis of neuroschistosomiasis by antibody specificity index and semi-quantitative real-time PCR from cerebrospinal fluid and serum

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.066142-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 309-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Georg Härter ◽

Hagen Frickmann ◽

Sebastian Zenk ◽

Dominic Wichmann ◽

Bettina Ammann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Antibody Specificity ◽

Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Routine Diagnosis

We describe the case of a 16-year-old German male expatriate from Ghana who presented with obstipation, dysuria, dysaesthesia of the gluteal region and the lower limbs, bilateral plantar hypaesthesia and paraesthesia without pareses. A serum–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Schistosoma spp. specific antibody specificity index of 3.1 was considered highly suggestive of intrathecal synthesis of anti-Schistosoma spp. specific antibodies, although standardization of this procedure has not previously been described. Diagnosis was confirmed by detection of Schistosoma DNA in CSF by semi-quantitative real-time PCR at 100-fold concentration compared with serum. Accordingly the two diagnostic procedures, which have not previously been applied for routine diagnosis, appear to be useful for the diagnosis of neuroschistosomiasis. Clinical symptoms resolved following anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory therapy.

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DETEKSI CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOKSIGENIK MENGGUNAKAN UJI CEPAT TOKSIN DAN REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (Toxigenic Clostridium Difficile Detection Using Toxin Rapid Test and Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction)

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY ◽

10.24293/ijcpml.v22i1.1217 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Ika Yasma Yanti ◽

Dalima Ari Wahono Astrawinata

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Chi Square ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea

Toxigenic Clostridium difficile infection, causing a Pseudo Membrane Colitis (PMC) and Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea(CDAD) has increased sharply. The largest risk factor is the use of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to know how to determinethe prevalence and characteristics of subjects with Toxigenic Clostridium difficile and to assess the ability of the toxin rapid test comparedto real-time PCR. Ninety adult subjects with antibiotic therapy more than two (2) weeks were enrolled in this study. The results of toxinrapid test and real-time PCR were presented in a 2x2 table, statistical test used was Chi square. The prevalence of Toxigenic Clostridiumdifficile based on the toxin rapid test and by real-time PCR was 27.3% and 37.5%, respectively. There were significant differences betweenstool consistency and number of antibiotics used with the detection of Toxigenic Clostridium difficile. There was a relationship betweenthe duration of antibiotic therapy with the detection of Toxigenic Clostridium difficile using real-time PCR (p=0.010, RR=2.116). Thesensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, PLR and NLR rapid test against real-time PCR were 69.7%; 98.2%; 95.8%; 84.4%; 39.2 and 0.31,respectively. This study concluded that the prevalence of Clostridium difficile in RSCM was higher compared to that in Malaysia, Thailandand India; the subjects with antibiotic therapy for more than four (4) weeks had a double risk to have Toxigenic Clostridium difficilethan subjects with antibiotic therapy for less than that time (4 weeks). Thus, in this study, toxin rapid test could be used as a tool todetect Toxigenic Clostridium difficile.

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CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ASEPTIC MENINGITIS IN CHILDREN OF KHMELNITSKYI REGION (PODILSKYI REGION, UKRAINE): FOURTEEN-YEAR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL OBSERVATION

Journal Infectology ◽

10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-1-41-45 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 41-45

Author(s):

L. V. Pypa ◽

R. V. Svistilnik ◽

Yu. N. Lysytsia ◽

K. Yu. Romanchuk ◽

I. V. Odarchuk

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Nervous System ◽

Aseptic Meningitis ◽

Clinical Picture ◽

Epileptic Seizures ◽

Complete Recovery ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Meningitis In Children ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Aim of work – to analyze the etiological structure, epidemiological structure, social-demographic features and the nature of the development of complications of the central nervous system in aseptic meningitis in children in Khmelnitskyi region for the period 2004-2017.Materials and methods. It was conducted a prospective analysis of 208 cases of aseptic meningitis in children of whom 138 people were boys and 70 people were girls. The etiology of the disease was determined by studying cerebrospinal fluid using PCR method. Complications of the central nervous system were diagnosed on the basis of the clinical picture and CT or MRI scans. The analytical method was used to conduct the analysis of the received data.Results. The highest seasonal increase of the incidence was from August to October and it was 65.6% with its peak in September (24.0%). The clinical picture was characterized by a moderate trend in 71.2% of cases and in 28.8% by a severe course. In 100% of cases the disease began with a fever, headache (83.6%), vomiting (76.9%), abdominal pain with diarrhea (6.2%), epileptic seizures (0.9%). The average level of cytosis was 269.4±196.7 cells/mm3with a predominance of lymphocytes and the average protein level in cerebrospinal fluid was 73 ± 36 mg/dl. The etiological factor was established in 18 (8.6%) patients.Conclusions. Enterovirus remains to be the main pathogen which was determined in 72.2% of cases. The second place was taken by herpes viruses (22.2% of cases), the third place was given to the mumps virus (5.6% of cases) (in etiologically verified cases). In most cases the disease ended in complete recovery but in 47 (22.6%) patients the complications were observed. The prevalence of aseptic meningitis among children in Khmelnitskyi region was 6.2 per 100,000 children, and males outnumbered females by a 2:1 ratio.

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Age and sex trends of Gardnerella vaginalis infection in patients with sexually transmitted infections in Korea

Iranian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8079 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Young Sam Yuk ◽

Jae Eun Choi ◽

Jae Kyung Kim

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

High Tendency ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Female Patients ◽

Average Patient ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Age And Sex

Background and Objectives: Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans are the most common causative agents of bac- terial vaginosis, and infections with these pathogens lead to inflammation, endometritis, and pruritus. The aim of this retro- spective study was to determine the trends of G. vaginalis infections based on real-time PCR data according to age and sex in patients with sexually transmitted diseases. Materials and Methods: A total of 59,381 specimens isolated at a clinical laboratory from September 2018 to December 2020 were subjected to real-time PCR for the detection of G. vaginalis DNA. Sample types included catheter, pus, tissue, swab, and urine samples. Results: Among 59,381 samples, 20,718 (34.8%) were positive for G. vaginalis. Of the positive samples, 13,186 (63.7%) were from male patients and 7,532 (36.3%) were from female patients. Average patient age was 39.1 years (the average age of male and female patients was 38.34 and 40.43 years, respectively). Female patients younger than 19 years exhibited the highest incidence of G. vaginalis, at 71.57%, followed by 68.46% incidence in those aged 20-29 years; the lowest incidence was in women aged 40-49 years. Further, among specimen types, the highest number of G. vaginalis-positive specimens was obtained by the swab sampling method. Conclusion: From 2018 to 2020 in Korea, the number of tests conducted for bacterial vaginosis has increased, while the incidence of G. vaginalis infections appears to have decreased. the finding that female adolescents have a high tendency to carry the pathogen is important. and for effective surveillance of BV, sampling by cotton swabs and detection by multiplex PCR might be a good approach.

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Acute Viral Meningitis

10.2310/neuro.6269 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Karen L. Roos ◽

Jared R. Brosch

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Viral Meningitis ◽

Viral Pathogen ◽

Meningeal Irritation ◽

Nuchal Rigidity ◽

Common Causes ◽

Neurologic Sequelae ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Csf Pleocytosis ◽

The Brain

Acute viral meningitis refers to inflammation of the meninges of the brain in response to a viral pathogen. Viruses cause meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, or a combination of these, meningoencephalitis or encephalomyelitis. Viral meningitis is typically a self-limited disorder with no permanent neurologic sequelae. This chapter reviews the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, complications, and prognosis. Tables describe Wallgren’s criteria for aseptic meningitis, important arboviral infections found in North America, herpes family viruses and meningitis, classic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities with viral meningitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for confirming arboviral meningitis, basic CSF studies for viral meningitis, and etiology of CSF pleocytosis. Figures depict common causes of viral meningitis, nuchal rigidity, examination for Kernig sign, and Brudzinski sign for meningeal irritation. This chapter contains 4 highly rendered figures, 7 tables, 16 references, and 5 MCQs.

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Acute Viral Meningitis

10.2310/fm.1269 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Karen L. Roos ◽

Jared R. Brosch

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Viral Meningitis ◽

Viral Pathogen ◽

Meningeal Irritation ◽

Nuchal Rigidity ◽

Common Causes ◽

Neurologic Sequelae ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Csf Pleocytosis ◽

The Brain

Acute viral meningitis refers to inflammation of the meninges of the brain in response to a viral pathogen. Viruses cause meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, or a combination of these, meningoencephalitis or encephalomyelitis. Viral meningitis is typically a self-limited disorder with no permanent neurologic sequelae. This chapter reviews the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, complications, and prognosis. Tables describe Wallgren’s criteria for aseptic meningitis, important arboviral infections found in North America, herpes family viruses and meningitis, classic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities with viral meningitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for confirming arboviral meningitis, basic CSF studies for viral meningitis, and etiology of CSF pleocytosis. Figures depict common causes of viral meningitis, nuchal rigidity, examination for Kernig sign, and Brudzinski sign for meningeal irritation. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, and 17 references.

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