scholarly journals Clinical and Imaging Characteristics of Cancer Patients with COVID-19: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anya Jafari ◽  
Zahra Mahboubi-Fooladi ◽  
Zahra Siavashpour ◽  
Afshin Rakhsha ◽  
Sahar Mirbaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Patient Interviews ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Tomography Scan

Background: Malignancy is a known risk factor of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severe involvement. Information about this infection in patients with cancer is limited. Objectives: This study aimed at reporting the clinical and imaging characteristics of COVID-19 infection in patients with cancer. Methods: All the patients were known cases of a solid tumor with COVID-19 infection in one center, between February and May 2020. Clinical presentation and imaging involvement of COVID-19 infection in addition to cancer features were documented from medical records/patient interviews. Results: Thirty-one patients with solid tumors and COVID-19 involvement were included. The most prevalet presentation was fever, cough, and myalgia. Breast and gastrointestinal malignancies were the most common cancer types. The mortality rate was 22.5% and all deceased patients suffered from stage 4 of their underlying cancer disease. Lung computed tomography scan (CT scan) features in these patients were not different from the non-cancer patients with COVID-19. Conclusions: COVID-19 involvement in patients with cancer seems to be more severe with higher mortality rates especially in patients with other comorbidity and in metastatic cases. Treatment modifications during the pandemic era sound to be logical in decreasing the infection rate.

scholarly journals Use of Anti-angiogenic Drugs Potentially Associated With an Increase on Serum AST, LDH, CK, and CK-MB Activities in Patients With Cancer: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zheng ◽  
Hanzhou Wang ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Myocardial Muscle

Background: There is a large amount of evidence that anti-angiogenic drugs are effective safe. However, few studies have evaluated the specific effects of anti-angiogenic drugs on myocardial enzyme injury biomarkers: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB). The purpose of our study was to determine whether anti-angiogenic drugs serum AST, LDH, CK, and CK-MB activities of cancer patients treated with anti-angiogenic drugs.Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 81 cancer patients. Patients who had used anti-angiogenic drugs were selected. Serum AST, LDH, CK, and CK-MB activities were measured before and after treatment with anti-angiogenic drugs for 3 weeks.Results: A total of 16 cancer types were analyzed. The distribution of the cancer types in the patients was mainly concentrated in lung, gastric, and colorectal cancers. The anti-angiogenic treatment markedly increased AST, LDH, CK, and CK-MB activities by 32.51, 7.29, 31.25, and 55.56%, respectively in serum.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that patients, who had used anti-angiogenic drugs were likely to have elevated AST, LDH, and CK, indicators of myocardial muscle injury. Use of anti-angiogenic drugs should not be assumed to be completely safe and without any cardiovascular risks.

scholarly journals Risk factors and trends of common cancers in Bangladesh: Outcome of hospital based case control survey conducted in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shahriar ◽  
Rezaur Bin Islam ◽  
Abu Salek Mahmood ◽  
Md Shamim Al Mamun ◽  
Syeda Sumsun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Attributable Fraction ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Survey Interviews

The present study aimed to provide information about the common cancer types and respective predisposing risk factors among the Bangladeshi cancer patients from different cancer hospitals located in Dhaka city. A survey is conducted to establish a relationship between common cancer types and predisposing risk factors. A nationwide representative sample of 610 Bangladeshi cancer patients were asked about their medical history, life-style, eating habit and genetic risk factors in relation to cancer prevention, as a part of omnibus survey. Interviews were conducted with 610 subjects (339 men and 271 women). Among the male, the leading cancers were lung (76 patients), followed by mouth and oropharynx (66 patients), stomach (41 patients) etc. Among the female, breast cancer (64 patients) ranked the topmost position, followed by cervix (48 patients), ovary (37 patients), mouth and oropharynx (34 patients). Among 11 risk factors among men candidates, the attributable fraction of cancer causing by tobacco smoking was considered highest (68.14%), followed by betel leaf (67.55%). For most risk factors, attributable fraction responses were higher in women than in men. 14 risk factors among women cancer patients, the attributable fraction of cancer causing by viral and bacterial diseases (39.10%) was highest, followed by obesity (37.10%) and then chronic disease (37.03%) excluding food habit. Our results suggest that awareness of the attributable fraction of cancer causes in the Bangladeshi cancer patient tends to be dominated by tobacco smoking, food habit, cancer causing infection, men and women hygiene, and reproductive history among females rather than genetic factors.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i2.10439  S. J. Pharm. Sci. 4(2) 2011: 35-41  

Abstract 13145: Differences of Cancer Types in Hospital Mortality in Patients With Venous Thromboembolism

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Okushi Yuichiro ◽  
Kenya Kusunose ◽  
Takayuki Ise ◽  
Takeshi Tobiume ◽  
Koji Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Liver Cancers ◽  
Cancer Types

Introduction: We sought to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer-associated VTE, compared with the matched cohort without cancer using real-world big data of VTE. Background: Cancer is associated with a high incidence of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) and there are many guidelines/recommendations about VTE. However, the prognosis of cancer-VTE patients is not well known because of a lack of big data. Moreover, there is also no knowledge on how cancer type is related to prognosis. Methods: This study was based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Datasets (JROAD-DPC). We identified 28,247 patients who were first hospitalized with VTE from April 2012 to March 2017. 26.0% were cancer patients. Compared with national statistics of cancer incidence in 2015 from National Cancer Center of Japan, the proportion of gynecological cancer patients was higher, but other cancer types had similar prevalence rates. Propensity score (PS) was estimated with logistic regression model, with cancer as the dependent variable and 18 clinically relevant covariates. Results: We included 24,576 patients after exclusion. The median age was 71years (range: 59-80 years), and 42.0% were male. On PS-matched analysis with 12,418 patients, patients with cancer had higher total in-hospital mortality (9.5% vs. 3.8%, P<0.001; OR, 2.72, 95% CI: 2.33-3.19) and in-hospital mortality within 30days (6.8% vs. 3.2%, P<0.001; OR, 2.20, 95% CI: 1.85-2.62). On analysis for each type of cancer, in-hospital mortality in 10 types of cancer was significantly high, especially pancreas (OR: 9.65, 95%CI: 4.31-21.64), biliary tract (OR: 8.36, 95%CI: 2.42-28.89) and liver (OR: 7.33, 95%CI: 1.92-28.02). Conclusions: Patients with cancer had a higher in-hospital mortality for VTE than those without cancer, especially in pancreatic, biliary tract and liver cancers.

Suicide Risk in Cancer Patients From 1960 to 1999

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 4209-4216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlend Hem ◽  
Jon H. Loge ◽  
Tor Haldorsen ◽  
Øivind Ekeberg
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios

Purpose Suicide risk is reportedly higher for cancer patients than for the general population, but estimates vary and analyses of trends are few. The aim of the present study was to determine whether cancer patients had a higher suicide risk between 1960 and 1999. Patients and Methods A cohort comprising patients from the Cancer Registry of Norway 1960 to 1997 was linked to suicide diagnosis in the Register of Deaths at Statistics Norway and observed during 1960 to 1999. The cohort consisted of all cancer patients registered in the Cancer Registry of Norway 1960 to 1997 (N = 490,245 patients with 520,823 cancer diagnoses). Suicide was defined according to death certificates based on the International Classification of Diseases (versions 7, 8, 9, and 10). Results During the period, 589 cancer patients (407 males and 182 females) committed suicide. The relative risk was elevated for males and females, with standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of 1.55 (95% CI, 1.41 to 1.71) and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.56), respectively. Risk was highest in the first months after diagnosis. For both sexes, there was a significant decrease in the relative suicide risk over decades. The risk was markedly increased among male patients with cancer of respiratory organs (SMR, 4.08; 95% CI, 2.96 to 5.47). Otherwise, the SMRs varied from 0.76 to 3.67 across cancer types. Conclusion Cancer may be a risk factor for suicide, particularly shortly after diagnosis. However, the relative risk gradually decreased during the period 1960 to 1999.

Platelets in cancer and thrombosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Riedl ◽  
I. Pabinger ◽  
C. Ay
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Platelet Count ◽  
Worse Prognosis

SummaryPlatelets are the smallest circulating blood cells and their major function is the maintenance of haemostasis. They do not have a nucleus, but instead a multitude of granules that contain molecules important for several physiological processes. These granules can be released after platelet activation and thereby platelets take part in haemostasis, wound repair or immunological processes. Furthermore, platelets are also involved in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including cancer. Platelets can support various steps of cancer development and progression by promoting tumour growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, platelets contribute to the hypercoagulable state frequently observed in cancer patients, leading to an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In previous studies a high platelet count was repeatedly found to be associated with an elevated risk of VTE and a worse prognosis in patients with cancer.The aim of this review is to give an overview of the most important alterations of platelet physiology in cancer patients and how these alterations may influence cancer disease and contribute to cancer-associated VTE.

scholarly journals Comparison and impact of COVID-19 for patients with cancer: a survival analysis of fatality rate controlling for age, sex and cancer type

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. e100341
Author(s):  
Haiquan Li ◽  
Edwin Baldwin ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Colleen Kenost ◽  
Wenting Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Uterine Cancer ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Stratified Analysis

ObjectivesPrior research has reported an increased risk of fatality for patients with cancer, but most studies investigated the risk by comparing cancer to non-cancer patients among COVID-19 infections, where cancer might have contributed to the increased risk. This study is to understand COVID-19’s imposed HR of fatality while controlling for covariates, such as age, sex, metastasis status and cancer type.MethodsWe conducted survival analyses of 4606 cancer patients with COVID-19 test results from 16 March to 11 October 2020 in UK Biobank and estimated the overall HR of fatality with and without COVID-19 infection. We also examined the HRs of 13 specific cancer types with at least 100 patients using a stratified analysis.ResultsCOVID-19 resulted in an overall HR of 7.76 (95% CI 5.78 to 10.40, p<10−10) by following 4606 patients with cancer for 21 days after the tests. The HR varied among cancer type, with over a 10-fold increase in fatality rate (false discovery rate ≤0.02) for melanoma, haematological malignancies, uterine cancer and kidney cancer. Although COVID-19 imposed a higher risk for localised versus distant metastasis cancers, those of distant metastases yielded higher overall fatality rates due to their multiplicative effects.DiscussionThe results confirmed prior reports for the increased risk of fatality for patients with COVID-19 plus hematological malignancies and demonstrated similar findings of COVID-19 on melanoma, uterine, and kidney cancers.ConclusionThe results highlight the heightened risk that COVID-19 imposes on localised and haematological cancer patients and the necessity to vaccinate uninfected patients with cancer promptly, particularly for the cancer types most influenced by COVID-19. Results also suggest the importance of timely care for patients with localised cancer, whether they are infected by COVID-19 or not.

scholarly journals Deep learning with multimodal representation for pancancer prognosis prediction

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (14) ◽  
pp. i446-i454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Cheerla ◽  
Olivier Gevaert
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Patient Handling ◽  
Multimodal Data ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Single Feature ◽  
Clinical Methods ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Single Cancer

Abstract Motivation Estimating the future course of patients with cancer lesions is invaluable to physicians; however, current clinical methods fail to effectively use the vast amount of multimodal data that is available for cancer patients. To tackle this problem, we constructed a multimodal neural network-based model to predict the survival of patients for 20 different cancer types using clinical data, mRNA expression data, microRNA expression data and histopathology whole slide images (WSIs). We developed an unsupervised encoder to compress these four data modalities into a single feature vector for each patient, handling missing data through a resilient, multimodal dropout method. Encoding methods were tailored to each data type—using deep highway networks to extract features from clinical and genomic data, and convolutional neural networks to extract features from WSIs. Results We used pancancer data to train these feature encodings and predict single cancer and pancancer overall survival, achieving a C-index of 0.78 overall. This work shows that it is possible to build a pancancer model for prognosis that also predicts prognosis in single cancer sites. Furthermore, our model handles multiple data modalities, efficiently analyzes WSIs and represents patient multimodal data flexibly into an unsupervised, informative representation. We thus present a powerful automated tool to accurately determine prognosis, a key step towards personalized treatment for cancer patients. Availability and implementation https://github.com/gevaertlab/MultimodalPrognosis

Frequency, demographics and risk (according to tumour type or site) of cancer-associated thrombosis among patients seen at outpatient DVT clinics

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (02) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankaranarayana Paneesha ◽  
Aidan McManus ◽  
Roopen Arya ◽  
Nicholas Scriven ◽  
Timothy Farren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Tumour Site ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Cancer Associated Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a clinically important complication for both hospitalised and ambulatory cancer patients. In the current study, the frequency, demographics and risk (according to tumour site) of VTE were examined among patients seen at outpatient DVT (deep-vein thrombosis) clinics. Of 10,015 VTE cases, 1,361 were diagnosed with cancer, for an overall rate of cancer-associated VTE of 13.6% in this outpatient population. Patients with cancer-associated VTE were significantly older than cancer-free VTE cases (66.4 ± 12.7 vs. 58.8 ± 18.5 years; p<0.0001). The frequency of cancer-associated VTE peaked earlier among females than males, occurring in the sixth (137/639, 21.4% vs. 98/851, 11.3%; p<0.001) and seventh decades (213/980, 21.7% vs. 197/1096, 18%; p=0.036). VTE was described most frequently in common cancers – breast, prostate, colorectal and lung (56.1% of cases). The risk of VTE varied widely across 17 cancer types. Calculating odds ratios (OR) to assess the effect size of cancer type on VTE risk, the highest odds were observed for patients with pancreatic cancer (OR 9.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] (5.51–16.91). Tumours of the head and neck had higher odds than previously reported (OR 8.24, 95% CI 5.06–13.42). Reduced risk estimates were observed for skin cancers (melanoma and non-melanoma: OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.42–1.87; OR 0.74, 95% CI, 0.32–1.69, respectively). We conclude that outpatients have a similar rate of cancer-associated VTE as VTE patient populations previously reported, that cancer-associated VTE occurs in an older age group and earlier in females and that outpatients exhibit distinct tumour site-specific risk from that described among hospitalised cancer patients.

Practice patterns and outcomes of rivaroxaban usage in patients with cancer.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (26_suppl) ◽  
pp. 194-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelita P. Escalante ◽  
Ali Zalpour ◽  
Juhee Song ◽  
Marsha N. Richardson ◽  
Tony Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bridging Anticoagulation ◽  
Platelet Transfusions

194 Background: Patients with cancer have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and frequently require anticoagulation. In addition, many patients with cancer also have comorbidities such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and are on stroke prevention. Rivaroxaban (RV) is an oral (factor Xa inhibitor) used in these scenarios; however, there is little experience utilizing this agent in patients with cancer. Our aim is to describe practice patterns and outcomes of RV usage in patients with cancer. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 62 patients with cancer receiving RV for at least 5 days for VTE or non-valvular AF from 1/1/2012 through 10/31/2015. Practice patterns included RV perioperative use and blood and platelet transfusions. Outcomes of interest were recurrent VTE and bleeding. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize demographic and clinical variables. Results: Of 62 patients with cancer, the mean age was 62 years (range 31-83), 50% were male, and 77% white. The most common cancer types were gastrointestinal 9 (15%), sarcoma 9 (15%), and breast and hematologic each with 8 (13%). Of those, 49 (79%) had VTE, 9 AF (15%), and 4 (7%) had both. 42 (68%) patients were switched to RV from a prior anticoagulant, the majority from low molecular weight heparin. 22 (36%) had RV withheld temporarily; 15 due to surgical procedure and 5 due to bleeding. 5 (33%) received bridging anticoagulation prior to surgery. RV was held a mean of 2 days prior to surgery and resumed 9 days post-op. 14 (21%) received blood and 2 (3%) received platelet transfusions while on RV. 2 (3%) patients had VTE recurrence while on RV. 18 (29%) discontinued RV due to bleeding, 5 (28%) due to hematuria and only 1 patient due to thrombocytopenia (6%). There were no major bleeds or deaths related to RV. Conclusions: RV was used in solid and hematologic cancers. The majority were transitioned from another anticoagulant. Although VTE recurrence was low, discontinuation of RV due to bleeding was higher. Further study of the use of RV in patients with cancer is needed for continued guidance of appropriate and safe usage.

scholarly journals Adaptive immunity and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern following vaccination in patients with cancer: The CAPTURE study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Fendler ◽  
Scott Shepherd ◽  
Lewis Au ◽  
Katalin Wilkinson ◽  
Mary Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Solid Malignancies ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Anti Cd20

Abstract CAPTURE (NCT03226886) is a prospective cohort study of COVID-19 immunity in patients with cancer. Here we evaluated 585 patients following administration of two doses of BNT162b2 or AZD1222 vaccines, administered 12 weeks apart. Seroconversion rates after two doses were 85% and 59% in patients with solid and hematological malignancies, respectively. A lower proportion of patients had detectable neutralizing antibody titers (NAbT) against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) vs wild-type (WT). Patients with hematological malignancies were more likely to have undetectable NAbT and had lower median NAbT vs solid cancers against both WT and VOCs. In comparison with individuals without cancer, patients with haematological, but not solid, malignancies had reduced NAb responses. Seroconversion showed poor concordance with NAbT against VOCs. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection boosted NAb response including against VOCs, and anti-CD20 treatment was associated with undetectable NAbT. Vaccine-induced T-cell responses were detected in 80% of patients, and were comparable between vaccines or cancer types. Our results have implications for the management of cancer patients during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

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