scholarly journals Haemophilus influenzae Vulvovaginitis in Prepubertal Girls: A 4-Year Study on a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Zhou ◽  
Liying Sun ◽  
Xuejun Chen ◽  
Chao Fang ◽  
Jianping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Ampicillin Resistance ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Prepubertal Girls

Background: Vulvovaginitis is a common infection in prepubertal girls, which is partly caused by bacterial infection. According to the literature, Haemophilus influenzae is one of the most common bacterial causes of vulvovaginitis in children. However, few studies with large sample sizes have delved into this issue. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls and detect the antimicrobial resistance of H. influenzae strains isolated from vulval specimens. Methods: The isolates of H. influenzae from the vulval swabs of prepubertal girls with vulvovaginitis were received from The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, during 2016 - 2019. The vulval specimens were inoculated on Haemophilus selective chocolate agar, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by the disk diffusion method. Moreover, β-lactamase was detected using Cefinase disc. Results: In this study, 4142 vulval specimens were received during four years, of which 649 H. influenzae isolates had been isolated from 642 girls aged 6 months-13 years, with a median of 5 years. The peaks of isolates were observed from April to July in the vulval isolates. In general, the ampicillin resistance rate was 39.1% (250/640), 33.2% of strains (211/636) were β-lactamase-positive isolates, and 6.6% strains (42/635) were β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant" (BLNAR)) isolates. The resistance rates of H. influenzae isolates to amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin-sulbactam, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, meropenem, levofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, azithromycin, and chloramphenicol were 26.4%, 21.8%, 24.8%, 1.7%, 1.0%, 0.2%, 0%, 47.7%, 10.2%, and 1.1%, respectively. MDR was noticed in 41 persons (6.4%) out of the 642 H. influenzae isolates, with the most prevalent MDR phenotype of ampicillin-sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-azithromycin resistance. Conclusions: Clinicians should noticed that H. influenzae is a common bacterial cause of vulvovaginitis in children, and laboratories should routinely cover Haemophilus culture media for vulval specimens. The Ampicillin resistance of H. influenzae should also be considered in clinical management.

The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in prepubertal girls with vulvovaginitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Zhou ◽  
Liying Sun ◽  
Xuejun Chen ◽  
Chao Fang ◽  
Jianping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Ampicillin Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Prepubertal Girls

Abstract Background: To determine the prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls and the antimicrobial resistance of H.influenzae strains isolated from vulval specimens.Methods: Isolates of H.influenzae from vulval swabs of prepubertal girls with vulvovaginitis received at The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine during 2016-2019 were studied. Vulval specimens were inoculated on Haemophilus selective chocolate agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the disk diffusion method. A cefinase disk was used to detect β-lactamase. Results: A total of 4142 vulval specimens were received during the 4 years, 649 isolates of H. influenzae were isolated from 642 girls aged 6 months to 13 years, with a median of 5y. There were peaks of isolates from April to July seen in the vulval isolates. In total, the ampicillin resistance rate was 39.1% (250/640); 33.2% strains (211/636) were for β-lactamase-positive isolates, 6.6% strains (42/635) were β-lactamase-negative and ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) isolates. The resistance rates of H. influenzae isolates to amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin-sulbactam, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, meropenem, levofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, azithromycin, and chloramphenicol were 26.4%, 21.8%, 24.8%, 1.7%, 1.0%, 0.2%, 0%, 47.7%, 10.2%, and 1.1%, respectively. MDR was present in 41 (6.4%) of the 642 H. influenzae isolates, with the most prevalent MDR phenotype of ampicillin-sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-azithromycin resistance. Conclusions: H. influenzae is a common cause of vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls. Laboratories should ensure that they include media appropriate for the isolation of H. influenzae. It’s worth noting of ampicillin resistance of H. influenzae in clinical management.

Prevalence of SHV-extended spectrum β-lactamase producing carbapenem –resistantKlebsiellapneumoniae among patients with lower respiratory tractinfections in Babylon Province-Iraq.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Moeen Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Positive Results

This study was carried out to screen the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections in Babylon province.From December,2015 to the end of March,2016,a total of 100 sputum samples were collected from patients visited or hospitalized Merjan Teaching Hospital and Al- Hashimya General Hospital. Fifteenth (65%) isolates were identified as Klebsiellapneumoniae. All bacterial isolates were evaluated for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production phenotypically using disk combination method. Eleven (73.3%) isolates were detected as ESBL-producers. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was employed to determine resistance profile of ESBLs-positive isolates. Higher rates of resistance were observed for ampicillin and piperacillin antibiotics with (81.8%) and (72.7%) resistance rate, respectively, while the lowest rate was noticed for imipenem antibiotic (14.28%). Carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated for blaSHV gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method, 2 (100%) isolates gave positive results.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of group A streptococcus recovered from patients in Beijing, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxin Li ◽  
Lin Zhou ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Lijuan Ma ◽  
Xiaoyan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Group A ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: Group A streptococcus (GAS) is an important human pathogen responsible for a broad range of infections. Epidemiological surveillance has been crucial to detect changes in the geographical and temporal variation of the disease pattern. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of GAS isolates from patients in Children’s Hospital in Beijing. Methods: From 2016 to 2017, pharyngeal swab samples were collected from the outpatients in Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, who were diagnosed with scarlet fever. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to the distribution of conventional antibiotics and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. The distribution of the macrolide-resistance genes ( ermB, ermA, mefA ), emm (M protein-coding gene) typing, and superantigens (SAg) gene profiling were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: A total of 297 GAS isolates were collected. The susceptibility of the isolates to penicillin, ceftriaxone, and levofloxacin was 100%. The resistance rate to erythromycin and clindamycin was 98.3% and 96.6%, respectively. The dominant emm types were emm12 (65.32%), emm1 (27.61%), emm75 (2.69%), and emm89 (1.35%). Of the 297 isolates, 290 (97.64%) carried the ermB gene, and 5 (1.68%) carried the mefA gene, while none carried the ermA gene. The most common superantigen genes identified from GAS isolates were smeZ (96.97%) , speC (92.59%), speG (91.58%), ssa (85.52%), speI (54.55%), speH (52.19%), and speA (34.34%). Isolates with the genotype emm1 possessed speA , speC , speG , speJ , speM , ssa , and smeZ , while emm12 possessed speC , speG , speH , speI , speM , ssa , and smeZ superantigens. Conclusions: The prevalent strain of GAS isolates in Beijing has a high resistance rate to macrolides; however, penicillin can still be the preferred antibiotic for treatment. Erythromycin resistance was predominantly mediated by ermB. The common emm types were emm12 and emm1. There was a correlation between emm and the superantigen gene. Thus, long-term monitoring and investigation of the emm types and superantigen genes of GAS prevalence are imperative.

scholarly journals Cockroaches as a Source of High Bacterial Pathogens with Multidrug Resistant Strains in Gondar Town, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Setegn Eshetie ◽  
Mengistu Endris ◽  
Kahsay Huruy ◽  
Dagnachew Muluye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
And Control

Background. Cockroaches are source of bacterial infections and this study was aimed to assess bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial profiles from cockroaches in Gondar town, Ethiopia.Methods. A total of 60 cockroaches were collected from March 1 to May 30, 2014, in Gondar town. Bacterial species were isolated from external and internal parts of cockroaches. Disk diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20;Pvalues <0.005 were considered as statistically significant.Results. Of 181 identified bacteria species, 110 (60.8%) and 71 (39.2%) were identified from external and internal parts of cockroaches, respectively.Klebsiella pneumoniae32 (17.7%),Escherichia coli29 (16%), andCitrobacterspp. 27 (15%) were the predominant isolates. High resistance rate was observed to cotrimoxazole, 60 (33.1%), and least resistance rate was noted to ciprofloxacin, 2 (1.1%). Additionally, 116 (64.1%) of the isolates were MDR strains;Salmonellaspp. were the leading MDR isolates (100%) followed byEnterobacter(90.5%) andShigellaspp. (76.9%).Conclusion. Cockroaches are the potential source of bacteria pathogens with multidrug resistant strains and hence effective preventive and control measures are required to minimize cockroach related infections.

scholarly journals Characterization of SCCmec, spa types and Multi Drug Resistant of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates among inpatients and outpatients in a referral hospital in Shiraz, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Hashemizadeh ◽  
Nahal Hadi ◽  
Samane Mohebi ◽  
Davood Kalantar-Neyestanaki ◽  
Abdollah Bazargani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Spa Types

Abstract Objectives Molecular typing such as spa typing is used to control and prevent Staphylococcus aureus widespread in hospitals and communities. Hence, the aim of this study was to find the most common types of S. aureus strain circulating in Shiraz via spa and SCCmec typing methods. Results Total of 159 S. aureus isolates were collected from two tertiary hospitals in Shiraz. Isolates were identified by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by standard disk diffusion method and then genetic analysis of bacteria was performed using SCCmec and spa typing. In this study 31.4% of the isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The majority of isolates were SSCmec type III. Spa type t030 was the most prominent type among MRSA strains. For the first time in Iran, spa003, t386, t1877, t314, t186, t1816, t304, t325, t345 were reported in this study. It was shown that there is a possibility that these spa types are native to this region. Our findings showed that SCCmec II, III and IV disseminate from hospital to community and vice versa. Thus, effective monitoring of MRSA in hospital and community is necessary.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Disk Diffusion Method for Determining Eberconazole Susceptibility of Dermatophytes and Influence of Culture Medium

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 2116-2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belkys Fernández-Torres ◽  
Isabel Inza ◽  
Josep Guarro
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT We have evaluated a disk diffusion method to determine the activity of eberconazole against 50 strains of dermatophytes by testing three culture media (RPMI, antibiotic medium 3, and high resolution). No differences were found among the results obtained with the three media. A significant correlation between disk diffusion and microdilution methods was observed with AM3.

scholarly journals Prevalence, resistance to antimicrobials, and antibiotypes of Arcobacter species recovered from retail meat in Wasit marketplaces in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Manal H. G. Kanaan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Retail Meat

Background and Aim: Arcobacter is a food-borne pathogen associated with human and animal infections. In Iraq, these infections and their adverse effects on public health have not been well investigated. For this reason, as well as to submit data on the resistance to antimicrobials and antibiotypes of the Arcobacter spp. and their occurrence in retail meat in the Wasit marketplaces, this study was undertaken. Materials and Methods: A total of 83 samples of fresh raw (n=35) and chilled meat (n=48) were purchased randomly from marketplaces in various regions of the Wasit Governorate. Bacterial detection was conducted using cultural methods, biochemical analysis, and the Oxoid Biomedical Identification System Campy. Confirmation of these bacteria at the species level was performed using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. Susceptibility of the Arcobacter spp. to antimicrobials was investigated in 11 isolates comprising Arcobacter butzleri (n=9) and Arcobacter cryaerophilus (n=2) using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: A total of 32 (38.6%) of the 83 fresh raw and chilled meat samples tested positive for Arcobacter spp.; of those, 27 (84.4%) and 5 (15.6%) were recognized as A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus, respectively. Maximum resistance was perceived, respectively, to tetracycline, erythromycin, and ampicillin (90.9%, 81.8%, and 81.8%, respectively). In contrast, a low resistance rate against fluoroquinolones up to 9.09% was found. Antibiograms of the A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus isolates yielded ten antibiotypes. The vast majority of the isolates (90.91%) were resistant to no fewer than three classes of antimicrobials, and 27.3% of these showed resistance to six antibiotics. A total of 91% of the analyzed isolates had a multiple antibiotic resistance index score between 0.27 and 0.73. Conclusion: Our outcomes demonstrated that retail meat can be a prospective vehicle for pathogenic Arcobacter, making these products a possible risk to human health. Our outcomes postulate that the contamination of retail meats by pathogenic Arcobacter is a global public health concern, particularly with the growing resistance to life-saving drugs, and emphasizes consumer understanding about the quality and safety of these products. To achieve healthy food products, good management practices, and successful control approaches must be implemented across the entire food chain, not only to protect consumers from these contaminants but also to minimize the risk of drug resistance.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of group A streptococcus recovered from patients in Beijing, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxin Li ◽  
Lin Zhou ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Lijuan Ma ◽  
Xiaoyan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Group A ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: Group A streptococcus (GAS) is an important human pathogen responsible for a broad range of infections. Epidemiological surveillance has been crucial to detect changes in the geographical and temporal variation of the disease pattern. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of GAS isolates from patients in Children’s Hospital in Beijing. Methods: From 2016 to 2017, pharyngeal swab samples were collected from the outpatients in Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, who were diagnosed with scarlet fever. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to the distribution of conventional antibiotics and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. The distribution of the macrolide-resistance genes (ermB, ermA, mefA), emm (M protein-coding gene) typing, and superantigens (SAg) gene profiling were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: A total of 297 GAS isolates were collected. The susceptibility of the isolates to penicillin, ceftriaxone, and levofloxacin was 100%. The resistance rate to erythromycin and clindamycin was 98.3% and 96.6%, respectively. The dominant emm types were emm12 (65.32%), emm1 (27.61%), emm75 (2.69%), and emm89 (1.35%). Of the 297 isolates, 290 (97.64%) carried the ermB gene, and 5 (1.68%) carried the mefA gene, while none carried the ermA gene. The most common superantigen genes identified from GAS isolates were smeZ (96.97%), speC (92.59%), speG (91.58%), ssa (85.52%), speI (54.55%), speH (52.19%), and speA (34.34%). Isolates with the genotype emm1 possessed speA, speC, speG, speJ, speM, ssa, and smeZ, while emm12 possessed speC, speG, speH, speI, speM, ssa, and smeZ superantigens. Conclusions: The prevalent strain of GAS isolates in Beijing has a high resistance rate to macrolides; however, penicillin can still be the preferred antibiotic for treatment. Erythromycin resistance was predominantly mediated by ermB. The common emm types were emm12 and emm1. There was a correlation between emm and the superantigen gene. Thus, long-term monitoring and investigation of the emm types and superantigen genes of GAS prevalence are imperative.

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