Prevalence of SHV-extended spectrum β-lactamase producing carbapenem –resistantKlebsiellapneumoniae among patients with lower respiratory tractinfections in Babylon Province-Iraq.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Moeen Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Positive Results

This study was carried out to screen the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections in Babylon province.From December,2015 to the end of March,2016,a total of 100 sputum samples were collected from patients visited or hospitalized Merjan Teaching Hospital and Al- Hashimya General Hospital. Fifteenth (65%) isolates were identified as Klebsiellapneumoniae. All bacterial isolates were evaluated for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production phenotypically using disk combination method. Eleven (73.3%) isolates were detected as ESBL-producers. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was employed to determine resistance profile of ESBLs-positive isolates. Higher rates of resistance were observed for ampicillin and piperacillin antibiotics with (81.8%) and (72.7%) resistance rate, respectively, while the lowest rate was noticed for imipenem antibiotic (14.28%). Carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated for blaSHV gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method, 2 (100%) isolates gave positive results.

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Uropathogens Isolated from Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Pyelonephritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga I Chub ◽  
Aleksandr V Bilchenko ◽  
Igor Khalin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

Background : Increased multidrug resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) compromises the efficacy of treatment of urinary tract infections. Objective : The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing uropathogens from hospitalized patients with chronic pyelonephritis and to identify the presence of genes involved in the resistance. Methods : A cross-sectional study of 105 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, treated in Kharkiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital, Ukraine was carried. Bacterial isolates were collected, antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and screening for the presence of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M ESBL genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results : 84 (80%) patients had positive urine cultures. Eschеrichia coli wаs the most common microorganism isolated. Among them, 29 (25.2%) were found to be ESBL producers. Out of 53 E. coli isolates, 10 (18.9%), 4 (7.5%) and 6 (11.3%) were identified to carry bla(TEM), bla(SHV) and bla(CTX-M) beta-lactamase genes, respectively. The highest resistance was observed against ampicillin (75.9%), ciprofloxacin (48.3%), levofloxacin (41.4%) and gentamicin (41.4%). Beside this, only meropenem (96.6% susceptibility), nitroxolinum (86.2%) and fosfomycin (72.4%) exhibited a good enough activity against ESBLs-producing urinary strains. Conclusion : Isоlation and detеction of ESBL-prоducing strаins are еssential fоr the sеlection оf the mоst effеctive antibiоtic for the empiric trеatment.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multidrug-resistant isolates from patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Jaison Jayakaran ◽  
Nirupa Soundararajan ◽  
Priyadarshini Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain as the most common infection. Catheter-associated (CA) UTI can lead to bacteremia and thereby is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients in our country. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to check the prevalence of CAUTI and study the phenotypic and genotypic characters of the multidrug-resistant organisms in a tertiary care hospital, with special reference to NDM-1 and OXA-23. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 231 urine samples from patients with CA-UTI in different wards in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 3 months between June and August 2018 were collected and processed following the standard protocol. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by disk-diffusion method. Modified Hodge test (MHT) was done to isolate carbapenem-resistant isolates, and polymerase chain reaction was done to detect NDM-1 and OXA-23. RESULTS: Out of 231 samples, 101 samples yielded significant growth. These 38 samples were Gram-negative bacilli which were resistant to carbapenems. Out of the 38 which showed carbapenem resistance, 23 were MHT positive. Out of the 23 MHT-positive isolates, 8 (21.05%) were positive for NDM-1 gene and only 1 (2.6%) was positive for the OXA-23 gene. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that carbapenem-resistant isolates from all the CA urinary tract-infected patients were 52.77% and most of them were Klebsiella. About 21% of them harbored the NDM-1 gene whereas only 2% had the OXA-23 gene. There has been an alarming increase in the spread of carbapenem resistance.

scholarly journals Detection of plasmid-mediated qnr genes among the quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Firoozeh ◽  
Mohammad Zibaei ◽  
Younes Soleimani-Asl
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, which complicates treatment, has been increasingly identified in Escherichia coli isolates worldwide. The purpose of this study was to identify the plasmid-mediated qnrA and qnrB genes among the quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections in Iran. Methodology: A total of 140 Escherichia coli isolates were collected between March and October 2012 from urinary tract infections in Khorram Abad, Iran. All isolates were tested for quinoloe resistance using the disk diffusion method. Also, all quinolone-resistant isolates were screened for the presence of the qnrA and qnrB genes by polymerase chain reaction. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin for the qnr-positive isolates were determined. Results: One hundred sixteen (82.8%) of 140 Escherichia coli isolates were nalidixic acid-resistant; among them, 14 (12.1%) and 9 (7.8%) were qnrA and qnrB-positive, respectively. Two quinolone-resistant isolates harbored both qnrA and qnrB. Among 63 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, 14 (22.2%) and 9 (14.3%) were found to carry qnrA and qnrB genes, respectively. The ciprofloxacin MIC range was 0.25–512 μg/mL for 23 qnr-positive Escherichia coli isolates, 18 of which had MICs values of 4–512 μg/mL. Conclusion: Our study shows that the frequency of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among E. coli isolates in Iran is high.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characteristics of Metallo-beta Lactamase-positive and High-risk Clone ST235 Pseudomonas aeruginosa at Ardabil Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Safarirad ◽  
Mohsen Arzanlou ◽  
Jafar Mohammadshahi ◽  
Hamid Vaez ◽  
Amirhossin Sahebkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Clonal Relatedness ◽  
Synergy Test ◽  
Highly Virulent

Background: Carbapenems are the most commonly administered drugs for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-P. aeruginosa) infections. However, carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa is spreading rapidly and has led to a new threat to human health worldwide. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa, detect metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producer isolates, and evaluate their clonal relationships in strains isolated from patients referring to the hospitals of Ardabil city, Iran. Methods: The resistance rate to imipenem was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Double-disk synergy test and PCR technique were used for phenotypic and genotypic screening of MBL-positive P. aeruginosa, respectively. Ultimately, ERIC-PCR and MLST methods were used for assessing clonal relatedness among the isolates. Results: The prevalence of imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains was estimated at 57.1% (48 out of 84 isolates). In addition, 45 (93.7%) out of 48 imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were phenotypically screened as MBL-positive, among which 16 (35.5%) and three (6.6%) isolates harbored blaIMP and blaVIM-1 genes, respectively. However, blaNDM, blaSIM-2, blaSPM, and blaGIM-1 genes were not detected in this study. MBL-producing P. aeruginosa strains were divided into 42 ERIC-PCR types. Based on the results of MLST, P. aeruginosa ST235 was the only identified sequence type. Conclusions: Our results revealed a high and alarming prevalence of imipenem-resistant and blaIMP-positive P. aeruginosa ST235 at Ardabil hospitals. Continuous monitoring is essential to control the further spread of this highly virulent and drug-resistant clone.

Ceftazidime – Avibactam susceptibility among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in a pilot study in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Selcuk Ozger ◽  
Ebru Evren ◽  
Serap Suzuk Yildiz ◽  
Cigdem Erol ◽  
Fatma Bayrakdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Choice ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractThis study aimed to detect carbapenemase genes and to determine the in vitro susceptibility of Ceftazidime-Avibactam (CZA) in Enterobacterales isolates. Carbapenemase genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. CZA sensitivity of isolates was evaluated with broth microdilution (BMD) and disk diffusion methods. A total of 318 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolates were included. Most of the isolates (n = 290, 91.2%) were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. The most common carbapenemase type was OXA-48 (n = 82, 27.6%). CZA susceptibility was evaluated in 84 isolates with OXA-48 and KPC carbapenemase activity. Both BMD and disk diffusion methods revealed that 95.2% of the isolates were sensitive to CZA; whereas, 4 (4.76%) isolates were resistant to CZA. Among colistin resistant isolates, 96.5% (n = 80) of them were susceptible to CZA. Our study demonstrated high in vitro efficacy of CZA in Enterobacterales isolates producing OXA-48 carbapenemase. High susceptibility rates against colistin resistant isolates which generally are also pan drug resistant, makes CZA a promising therapeutic choice for difficult-to-treat infections. Due to its high correlation with the BMD, disk diffusion method is a suitable and more practical method in detecting CZA in vitro activity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Transferable OXA-1 β-Lactamase Associated with Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Moeen Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level ◽  
Conjugation Experiment

This study was designed to explore the incidence of blaOXA-1 amongst Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with resistant to carbapenem. Between December 2014 and April 2015, one hundred samples were taken from two hospitals: Babylon Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Pediatric / Babylon Province (clinical, umbilical infections, n= 40; environmental, n=20) and Karbala Hospital for Pediatric / Karbala Province (40 stool samples). All patients were hospitalized or attended these hospitals, all under 1 year of age. Seventeenth (17%) isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antibiotic resistance profile of isolates was tested using disk diffusion method. High-level of resistance was recorded with ampicillin (94.1%) and piperacillin (88.2%) antibiotics. Resistance to carbapenem was reported in two K.pneumoniae isolates, these were investigated for the existence of OXA-1b-lactamase using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Two (100%) isolates gave positive result. Transference of this gene was studied by conjugation experiment. The blaOXA-1 gene conjugated successfully in 1 (50%) isolate only.

scholarly journals Determination of Susceptibility to Fosfomycin and Tigecycline of Enterobacteriaceae, ParticularlyEscherichia coliIsolates, Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases from Multiple Regional Canadian Hospitals

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. e80-e82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlee Beuk ◽  
Christian Hill ◽  
Sue Whitehead ◽  
Edith Blondel-Hill ◽  
Ken Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Health Region ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: The worldwide spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, particularlyEscherichia coli,has significantly limited therapeutic options, especially for urinary tract infections. Although limited in their indications, fosfomycin and tigecycline are potential agents to treat infections due to ESBL-producing organisms. Although not routinely performed, susceptibility testing to both is necessary to ensure there is not an increase in resistance.METHODS: A total of 160 isolates of ESBL-producingE coliwere isolated from patients at multiple regional hospitals in the Interior Health Region of British Columbia from June 2009 to January 2012. Isolates were obtained from various body fluids and sites including urine (78.2%), wounds, blood, gall bladder drain and respiratory specimens. All isolates were tested using the E-test method (Etest, bioMérieux, France) for tigecycline and Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method for fosfomycin using European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing breakpoints for tigecycline and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute zone sizes for fosfomycin.RESULTS: All 160 isolates were found to be susceptible to tigecycline, while five isolates (3.1%) were resistant to fosfomycin (four resistant, one intermediate).CONCLUSION: Although resistance to these antibiotics has previously been reported, the present study confirmed that isolates of ESBL-producingE colifrom the Interior Health Region of British Columbia remain highly susceptible to both tigecycline and fosfomycin.

Evaluating the prevalence of plasmid- mediated quinolone resistant and ESBL- production in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and the commensal gut microbiota in pregnant women: A comparative analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samane Mohebi ◽  
Soudeh Kholdi ◽  
Mahtab Hadadi ◽  
zahra hashemizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Fecal Flora ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Commensal Flora ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background: ß-lactam and fluoroquinolone antibiotics are frequently prescribed for urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in E. coli from UTIs in comparison with the E. coli isolates from gut microbiota (fecal flora).Methods: A total of 54 E. coli urine isolates and 54 E. coli fecal flora isolates were collected from pregnant women (same host) from April to September 2018. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by disk diffusion method. ESBLs were detected via double-disk test (DDST). ESBL and PMQR-encoding genes were identified, using PCR.Results: The highest resistance rate was found against nalidixic acid (42 isolates in urinary and 41 in fecal flora isolates) and the lowest resistance rate belonged to levofloxacin (23 isolates) and ofloxacin (25 isolates) in urinary and fecal flora isolates. The most prevalent PMQR genes were qnrS (29 isolates in urinary and 34 in fecal flora isolates) followed by qnrB, aac (6′)- Ib-cr and qnrA in urinary and fecal flora isolates. There was a significant association between qnrS gene and blaTEM in urinary and fecal flora isolates.Conclusions: Resistance to quinolones antibiotics was highest among fecal flora isolates, especially qnrS among other determinants of the qnr gene. In addition, it seems that high load of PMQR genes in commensal flora has a potential to spread to pathogenic organisms.

scholarly journals Prevalence and distribution of resistance and enterotoxins/enterotoxin-like genes in different clinical isolates of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Nasaj ◽  
Zahra Saeidi ◽  
Hamed Tahmasebi ◽  
Sanaz Dehbashi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Arabestani
Keyword(s):  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Sequence Elements ◽  
Insertion Elements ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Encoding Genes

Abstract Background Coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) is considered to be the major reservoirs for genes facilitating the evolution of S. aureus as a successful pathogen. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence of genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone, determining of the prevalence of insertion sequence elements IS256, IS257 and different superantigens (SAgs) among CoNS isolates obtained from various clinical sources. Materials and methods The current study conducted on a total of the 91 CoNS species recovered from clinical specimens in Hamadan hospitals in western Iran in 2017–2019. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method and the presence of the IS256 and IS257, genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone and enterotoxins/enterotoxin-like encoding genes were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results Among genes encoding classic enterotoxins, sec was the most frequent which was carried by 48.4% of the 91 isolates, followed by seb in 27.5% of the isolates. None of the CoNS isolates was found to be positive to enterotoxin-like encoding genes. In 11(12%) of all isolates that were phenotypically resistant to levofloxacin, 9 isolates (81.8%) were positive for gyrB, 8 isolates (72.7%) were positive for gyrA, 8 isolates (72.7%) harbored grlB and 7 isolates (63.6%) were found to carry grlA. The IS256 and IS257 were identified in 31.8% and 74.7% of the isolates, respectively. The results of statistical analysis showed a significant association between the occurrence of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) encoding genes and antimicrobial resistance. Conclusion Antimicrobial resistant determinants and SEs are co-present in clinical CoNS isolates that confer selective advantage for colonization and survival in hospital settings. The coexistence of insertion elements and antibiotic resistance indicate their role in pathogenesis and infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Distrubution of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase and AMPC-β Lactamase Among Bacteria Isolated From Urine Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Bishal Shrestha ◽  
Jyoti Acharya ◽  
Jyoti Chhetri ◽  
Krishna Gurung ◽  
Mamita Khaling Rai
Keyword(s):  
Culture Technique ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Disease Hospital ◽  
Tract Infections

This study was designed to determine the distribution of bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) at Sukrararj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital (STIDH) with special reference to ESBL, ABL and the co-existence of the phenotype (ESBL and ABL in the population of different uropathogens. Urine samples from 500 patients suspected of UTI were analyzed by conventional semi-quantitative culture technique. The antimicrobial susceptibility to various drugs was studied by the Modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, by following the ClSI guidelines. Confirmation of the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase production was done by the phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT) and the AmpC disk test (ADT). Overall, the prevalence of ESBL and ABL and the co-existence of the phenotype (ESBL and ABL) in urinary isolates were found to be 39.22%, 15.69% and 5.88%. The implementation of appropriate infection control measures and the formulation of an antibiotic policy must be done, to prevent the spread of these strains. Key words: MDR, ESBLs. AmpC β-lactamase

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