The Effect of Schema Therapy on Psychological Capital and Vulnerable Attachmenin Women with Breast Cancer

Background: Cancer causes psychological problems, such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, feelings of sadness, and anger, and family problems. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of schema therapy on psychological capital and vulnerable attachment in women with breast cancer. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all women with breast cancer admitted to the Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 23/07/2019 to 20/11/2019. The total number of the patients was 51, of whom 30 were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group (15 people in each group). The experimental group was exposed to schema therapy for 11 weekly 90-minute sessions, while the control group did not receive any training. The Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire and the Vulnerable Attachment Questionnaire were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-21 software. Results: The results of paired t-test showed a significant difference between the mean scores of the components of psychological capital and vulnerable attachment in the two experimental and control groups. Therefore, it can be stated that the effectiveness of schema therapy was associated with increased self-efficacy (P = 0.013), hope (P = 0.001), resilience (P = 0.034), optimism (P = 0.001), and decreased vulnerable attachment (P = 0.029). Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study regarding the effect of schema therapy on improving psychological capital and reducing vulnerable attachment, it can be concluded that schema therapy can be used as an effective intervention along with other therapies to reduce the problems of women with breast cancer.

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The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Structural Couple Therapy and Redecision couple Therapy Method on the Reduction of Marital Conflicts in Infertile Couples

10.32592/ajnpp.2020.7.2.101 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 77-84

Keyword(s):

Marital Conflict ◽

Couple Therapy ◽

Test Method ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Control Group ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Marital Conflicts ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Infertile Couples ◽

And Control

Background: Marital conflict results from the disharmony of husband and wife needs and the way to meet them, egocentrism, difference in requests and irresponsible behavioral schemas for marital relationship and marriage. The goal of the current study is to compare the effectiveness of structural couple therapy and re-decision couple therapy on the reduction of marital conflicts in infertile couples of Sanandaj. Materials and Methods: to do this goal semi experimental pre and post test method using to control and experimental groups was applied. Statistical population of this research was infertile couples referring to infertility center of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj in 2018 who were selected by convenient sampling method and replaced randomly on 3 groups of 12 persons. To collecting data, marital conflicts questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using statistical tests of multivariate analysis of covariance and spss-22 software. Results: The results showed that cooperation component (F=14.17, P<0.001), decreased sex (F=28.53, P<0.009), increasing emotional reactions (F=16.99, P<0.001), increasing personal relationship with onechr('39')s relatives (F=24.02, P<0.001), decreasing family relationship with spousechr('39')s friends and relatives (F=21.81, P<0.001), separating financial affairs from each other (F=18.70, P<0.001), decreasing effective relationship (F=28.53, P<0.001), but there is no significant difference between three groups of experimental and control in increasing childrenchr('39')schr('39') support component (F=0.091, P<0.05). There is a significant difference between the effectiveness of the Minuchin structural couple therapy and the re-decision couple therapy and control group in decreasing marital conflict (P<0.001). Conclusion: the results showed the importance of couple-therapy Interventions through re-decision on decreasing marital conflicts in infertile couples. Generally, the results indicated that Minuchin structural couple therapy is more effective than re-decision couple therapy on decreasing marital conflicts in infertile couples.

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The Effectiveness of Pilates in Resiliency and Psych-asthenia of the Housewives

Asian Social Science ◽

10.5539/ass.v12n4p195 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 195

Author(s):

Lida Norouzi ◽

Behnam Makvandi

Keyword(s):

Intervention Group ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Significance Level ◽

Sports Club ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Quasi Experimental

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Pilates on resiliency and psych-asthenia of the housewives in Tehran. The most common problems of the housewives included decreased resilience and uniform life that led to increased psych-asthenia. Using the knowledge of Contrology, measuring the effect of Pilates on resiliency and psych-asthenia of the housewives was considered. Quasi-experimental research design included the control groups (pre-test, post-test). The statistical population consisted of 40 housewives (20 in Pilates group and 20 in control group) that were selected using the available sampling by referring to a sports club in District 2, Tehran. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of covariance, and the adjusted comparison was conducted at the significance level of 5%.The results showed that the adjusted mean of the scores of resiliency and psych-asthenia for the intervention group are significantly different (p>5.0) and there is a significant difference between the mean scores of resiliency and psych-asthenia of the treatment and control groups. Pilates exercises increase resiliency and decrease psych-asthenia of the housewives. Thus, it is recommended that psychologists and psychiatrists consider Pilates as a supplementary treatment in their prescriptions.

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Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Sexual Desire in Women with Breast Cancer after Mastectomy

10.30699/ijbd.12.4.39 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 39-51

Author(s):

Sheida Jabalameli ◽

Leila Ghasemi

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽

Sexual Desire ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Control Group ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Commitment Therapy ◽

Acceptance And Commitment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Introduction: The effects of breast cancer and mastectomy on sexuality, an important aspect of personality, emphasize the need for psychological treatments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on sexual desire in breast cancer patients after mastectomy. Methods: This was a semiexperimental study with an experimental and a control group with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population included all women with breast cancer in the Isfahan province who had come to Alla charity center in 2017. A sample of 26 women with breast cancer was selected through available sampling and assigned randomly to two groups of 13 subjects each. The experimental group received ACT over 8 sessions and the control group remained on the waiting list until the end of the study. The measurement tool was the Hurlbert Index of Sexual Desire administered before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16 using an analysis of covariance test. Results: There was a significant difference in the mean scores on sexual desire between the two groups (F = 7.99, p = 0.014). The mean score on sexual desire improved from 0.85 to 1.23 in the treatment group, but there was no change in the control group (1.17 in the pretest vs 1.16 in the posttest). In general, ACT was effective in improving sexual desire in patients (p < 0.05, effect size: 0.48). Conclusion: In general, according to the findings of this research, ACT seems to be effective in improving psychological problems in women with breast cancer.

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Comparing the Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Cognitive-Attentional Syndrome in Patients with Depression

Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health ◽

10.5812/mejrh.109550 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Sahar Amiri ◽

Parvin Ehteshamzadeh ◽

Fariba Hafezi ◽

Mohammad Reza Borna

Keyword(s):

Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽

Behavioral Activation ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Control Group ◽

Commitment Therapy ◽

Acceptance And Commitment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

And Control

Background: Cognitive-attentional syndrome (CAS) is one of the primary constructs of depression, the treatment of which is highly challenging because of its high prevalence and the emergence of symptoms such as feelings of sadness, emptiness, and hopelessness. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral activation (BA) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in CAS in patients with depression. Methods: This quasi-experimental research utilized a pretest, posttest, and two-month follow-up design with a control group. The study population comprised 260 patients with a diagnosis of depression who referred to the psychological centers of Ahvaz in 2019. The sample consisted of 45 patients with depression selected by convenience sampling. We randomly divided the participants into two experimental groups (BA and ACT) and a control group (n = 15 per group). The research instrument included the cognitive-attentional syndrome (CAS-1) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 with descriptive and inferential statistics, such as mean, standard deviation, and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: In terms of CAS and its components, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the posttest and follow-up phases (P = 0.0001). Besides, ACT and BA significantly reduced CAS and its components in the posttest phase (P = 0.0001). However, the effectiveness of BA in decreasing CAS and its components remained during the follow-up phase. Furthermore, the results showed that ACT was more effective in reducing attention to threat and metacognitive beliefs during the posttest phase. Conclusions: According to research findings, both BA and ACT are efficient therapies in reducing CAS in patients with depression. Thus, both approaches can be used to strengthen treatment interventions to reduce CAS in patients with depression.

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Effectiveness of Choice Theory Training on Suicidal Tendency

10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.101 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 172-177

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Choice Theory ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Male Students ◽

Control Group ◽

Suicidal Tendency ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Academic Year

Background and Objective: Suicide is not an uninvited guest entering unannounced rather it always occurs following a previous background. Suicide is interpreted as an action in order to accredit life or give up everything. Suicide happens because of determinism or full anxiety and depression. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Choice Theory training on the suicidal tendency of first high school male students in Sonqor County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all boys of the first high school in Sonqor County, Kermanshah Province, Iran, in the academic year of 2017-18. According to available statistics, about 500 students were studying at six male high schools from which one high school was selected randomly. After implementing the Multiple Attitude Questionnaire of suicidal tendency in adolescents, 30 students were divided into two groups (15 cases per group) randomly. The obtained data were then analyzed through single-variable and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results of this study showed that the implementation of the Choice Theory Education to first high school male students influenced their suicidal tendency (P<0.01), and suicidal tendency decreased in the students of the experimental group. Furthermore, the results from the comparison of the attraction to death at posttest in two groups by controlling the pretest effect indicated no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the attraction to death scores (F=0.175; P<0.01). Conclusions: Considering the findings, this intervention is a suitable method to modify the behavior and improve adaptation in male students.

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Effectiveness of Group Schema Therapy in Reducing the Symptoms of Major Depression in a Sample of Women

Asian Social Science ◽

10.5539/ass.v12n6p232 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 232 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roghayeh Hashemi ◽

Kobra Darvishzadeh

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Control Group ◽

Schema Therapy ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Therapy Training ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

And Control

Treatment of the symptoms of major depression is one of the important issues in the treatment of psychological disorders. This study aims to investigate effectiveness of group schema therapy in reducing the symptoms of major depression in a sample of women in the Ahvaz City. This is a quasi-experimental with two control and treatment groups. To this end, 30 married women in Ahvaz were selected using the convenience sampling method and were included in two treatment and control groups of 15 persons. After pre-test for both groups, the experimental group received schema therapy in 10 sessions for one month; however, the control group received no training. Beck Depression Inventory that has an acceptable reliability and validity was used to assess depression. Finally, test scores were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results showed that group schema therapy training was effective at the level of error P<0.0001 on reducing the symptoms of depression in the treatment group. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the group schema therapy training affects the mental health promotion. Therefore, the intervention can be effective in preventing mental injuries.

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Effectiveness of Schema Therapy in Psychological Distress, Body Image, and Eating Disorder Beliefs in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

10.32592/ajnpp.2020.7.3.107 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 184-189

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Control Group ◽

Schema Therapy ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Body Image Concern ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Age Range

Background and Objective: Due to the role of recognition in eating disorders, the identification of core beliefs and cognitive schemas becomes debatable. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy in psychological distress, body image, and eating disorder beliefs in anorexic patients. Materials and Methods: This was an applied quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the study included patients with an eating disorder, attending the psychological, clinical psychiatric, and obesity treatment centers in Ahvaz, Iran, within the age range of 16-23 years in 2019. The subjects were selected using the purposive sampling method. In this study, the pretest (i.e., filling out the Eating Disorder Beliefs Questionnaire [EDBQ]) was performed before the schema therapy intervention. Then, the intervention was conducted on the experimental group; however, no intervention was carried out for the control group. After the termination of the treatment sessions (12 sessions of 45 min), the posttest was performed. Finally, 3 months following the termination of the treatment, the follow-up test was conducted. The data were obtained using the EDBQ, Psychological Distress Questionnaire, and Body Image Concern Inventory. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software (version 22). Results: The results of the present study showed that schema therapy led to a decrease in psychological distress (F=157.36, P<0.0001, Eta=0.89), body image concern (F=8.03, P<0.001, Eta=0.29), and eating disorder beliefs (F=13.85, P<0.0001, Eta=0.91). Conclusion: It can be concluded that schema therapy reduces psychological distress, body image concerns, and eating disorder beliefs

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The Effect of Music Therapy on Problem-Solving Skills

Journal of Sociological Research ◽

10.5296/jsr.v6i2.8979 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Zeinab Sirous Jahedi ◽

Nasser Amini Khoi

Keyword(s):

Problem Solving ◽

Music Therapy ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Average Score ◽

Control Group ◽

Problem Solving Skills ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

The aim of the present research was study of the impact of music therapy on problem-solving skills of 4 to 6 years old children in Tehran. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population was all 4 to 6 years old children in region 2 of Tehran. Using the random sampling method, the study sample was chosen in two experiment (15 individuals) and control (15 individuals) groups. The experiment group received 12 sessions of music therapy and the control group was waiting for treatment meanwhile. To evaluate the problem-solving skill in children, the three subscales of Wechsler’s Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) were used, including: mazes, cubes and arithmetic. Analysis of data obtained from the questionnaires was conducted in two parts of descriptive and inferential. The data analysis indicated the significant increase of problem-solving average score of the experiment group compared to the control group.

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Effect of Transactional Analysis Approach Group Training on Psychological Capitals and the Temptation of Methadone-Treated Addicts

10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.100 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 167-171

Keyword(s):

Addiction Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Training ◽

Transactional Analysis ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Social Challenges ◽

Replacement Method ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

And Control ◽

Approach Group

Background and Objective: Drug addiction is one of the health and social challenges of the present age, and psychological capital is among the protective factors in its prevention. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Transactional Analysis (TA) approach group training on psychological capitals and the temptation of methadone-treated addicts. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all methadone-treated addicts in addiction treatment clinics in Mashhad, Iran. Out of this population, 30 cases were randomly selected and divided into two groups of experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) using the random replacement method. The data were then collected through Luthans's Psychological Capitals and Wright's Craving Beliefs Questionnaires. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21) through univariate and multivariate covariance. Results: The findings showed that the TA approach had a positive and significant effect on psychological capitals and its components (self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism) (P<0.001). It also had a significant effect on reducing the temptation of the recurrence of methadone-treated addicts (P<0.001). Conclusions: It can be concluded that the TA approach group training can help decrease methadone-treated addicts’ psychological problems, and it can be used in counseling and addiction treatment centers

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Effectiveness of Spiritual Therapy on Loneliness Feeling in the Seniors Present at Nursing Homes

Social Behavior Research & Health ◽

10.18502/sbrh.v4i2.4679 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Batol Ramazani ◽

Foroogh Bakhtiari

Keyword(s):

Nursing Home ◽

Elderly People ◽

The Elderly ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Control Group ◽

Spiritual Therapy ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Research Findings ◽

And Control

Background: Moving away from family can cause psychological and emotional trauma for the elderly. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual therapy on loneliness feeling among the elderly in a nursing home in Isfahan. Methods: The method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The population of this study included all of the elderly in Sadeghieh nursing home in Isfahan in 2018. The sample of this study included 30 elderly people being selected by purposive sampling and then randomly included in the experimental and control groups (15 elderly people in each group). The experimental group received the therapeutic interventions related to spiritual therapy at eight sessions of 90 minutes every week for two months. Then, the subjects in both groups were re-tested. The used instruments included Russell’s loneliness questionnaire (1996). After collecting the questionnaires and extracting the raw data, the data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance by SPSS23 statistical software at 0.05 error level. Results: spiritual therapy had a significant effect on loneliness among the elderly in the nursing home (p < 0.001). In this regard, this therapy could reduce loneliness among the elderly in the nursing home. The effect of spiritual therapy on loneliness among the elderly in the nursing home was 53%. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, spiritual therapy can reduce loneliness among the elderly by the techniques such as taking responsibility, assigning cases to God, strengthening the intention, and deleting negative thoughts.

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