scholarly journals Effectiveness of Schema Therapy in Psychological Distress, Body Image, and Eating Disorder Beliefs in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

2020 ◽  
pp. 184-189
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Schema Therapy ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Body Image Concern ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Age Range

Background and Objective: Due to the role of recognition in eating disorders, the identification of core beliefs and cognitive schemas becomes debatable. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy in psychological distress, body image, and eating disorder beliefs in anorexic patients. Materials and Methods: This was an applied quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the study included patients with an eating disorder, attending the psychological, clinical psychiatric, and obesity treatment centers in Ahvaz, Iran, within the age range of 16-23 years in 2019. The subjects were selected using the purposive sampling method. In this study, the pretest (i.e., filling out the Eating Disorder Beliefs Questionnaire [EDBQ]) was performed before the schema therapy intervention. Then, the intervention was conducted on the experimental group; however, no intervention was carried out for the control group. After the termination of the treatment sessions (12 sessions of 45 min), the posttest was performed. Finally, 3 months following the termination of the treatment, the follow-up test was conducted. The data were obtained using the EDBQ, Psychological Distress Questionnaire, and Body Image Concern Inventory. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software (version 22). Results: The results of the present study showed that schema therapy led to a decrease in psychological distress (F=157.36, P<0.0001, Eta=0.89), body image concern (F=8.03, P<0.001, Eta=0.29), and eating disorder beliefs (F=13.85, P<0.0001, Eta=0.91). Conclusion: It can be concluded that schema therapy reduces psychological distress, body image concerns, and eating disorder beliefs

scholarly journals The Effect of Schema Therapy on Psychological Capital and Vulnerable Attachmenin Women with Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Alizadeh ◽  
Bahram Mirzaian ◽  
Ghodratollah Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Schema Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

Background: Cancer causes psychological problems, such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, feelings of sadness, and anger, and family problems. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of schema therapy on psychological capital and vulnerable attachment in women with breast cancer. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all women with breast cancer admitted to the Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 23/07/2019 to 20/11/2019. The total number of the patients was 51, of whom 30 were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group (15 people in each group). The experimental group was exposed to schema therapy for 11 weekly 90-minute sessions, while the control group did not receive any training. The Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire and the Vulnerable Attachment Questionnaire were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-21 software. Results: The results of paired t-test showed a significant difference between the mean scores of the components of psychological capital and vulnerable attachment in the two experimental and control groups. Therefore, it can be stated that the effectiveness of schema therapy was associated with increased self-efficacy (P = 0.013), hope (P = 0.001), resilience (P = 0.034), optimism (P = 0.001), and decreased vulnerable attachment (P = 0.029). Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study regarding the effect of schema therapy on improving psychological capital and reducing vulnerable attachment, it can be concluded that schema therapy can be used as an effective intervention along with other therapies to reduce the problems of women with breast cancer.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of an Intervention Protocol to Improve Disordered Eating Behavior and Body Image in the Treatment of Body Image Disturbance and Eating Behaviors among Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 236-241
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Affective Component ◽  
Intervention Protocol ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Body Image Disorder

Introduction and Objectives: The manifestations of body image disorder in the eating disorder have been assessed on the cognitive-affective component; however, there is no evidence about these disorders on the behavior and perceptual components. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention protocol to improve unique eating behaviors and body image in the treatment of body image disorder and eating behaviors among women. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group using an applied research method. The statistical population consisted of all women who referred to weight loss centers in Tehran, Iran, during 2018. The data were collected using the Dutch Eating Behaviors Questionnaire and Body Image Concern Inventory. In total, 30 women were selected through a random sampling method and assigned randomly into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Subsequently, the experimental group participated in eight intervention sessions per week intending to improve body posture and image. Results: The results of the multivariate covariance analysis showed that the eating behavior (P=0.001, F=62.889) was statistically significant at 0.05. The effect size of this intervention was approximately 70% on eating behavior and body image, which was acceptable in this study. Conclusion: The intervention protocol to improve eating and body image had a significant effect on eating disorders and body image. However, there is a need for more replications, as well as more robust, randomized, and controlled trials to improve the methodological standard of intervention studies in this area.

Effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Emotional Self-Regulation Therapy in the Components of Women’s Marital Conflicts

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-288
Author(s):  
Safieh Mohammadi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Conflict ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Schema Therapy ◽  
Marital Conflicts ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Background: Marital conflicts partly happen due to the psychological disorders of couples, issues related to children, and the long periods of depression, all of which may lead to the failure of relationship and divorce. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy and emotional self-regulation therapy in the components of marital conflict in women referred to the psychological centers of Ahvaz City. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The research population consisted of all women with marital conflicts referring to the psychological centers of Ahvaz, in 2019. Using convenience sampling, 45 women who were willing to participate in the project were recruited and randomly assigned into two experimental groups (schema therapy and emotional self-regulation therapy) and a control group (n=15 per group). Data were collected with the Marital Conflict Questionnaire. Besides, the first and second intervention programs consisted of eight 90-minute sessions of schema therapy and eight 90-minute sessions of emotional self-regulation therapy, respectively. The obtained data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS V. 24. Results: Schema therapy and emotional self-regulation therapy effectively improved the components of marital conflict in women (P<0.01). Also, the effects of the two interventions on the components of marital conflict did not significantly differ (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, schema therapy and emotional self-regulation therapy are suggested to be employed by psychologists and psychiatric nurses to improve the components of women’s marital conflict

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Pilates in Resiliency and Psych-asthenia of the Housewives

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Lida Norouzi ◽  
Behnam Makvandi
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

<p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of Pilates on resiliency and psych-asthenia of the housewives in Tehran. The most common problems of the housewives included decreased resilience and uniform life that led to increased psych-asthenia. Using the knowledge of Contrology, measuring the effect of Pilates on resiliency and psych-asthenia of the housewives was considered. Quasi-experimental research design included the control groups (pre-test, post-test). The statistical population consisted of 40 housewives (20 in Pilates group and 20 in control group) that were selected using the available sampling by referring to a sports club in District 2, Tehran. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of covariance, and the adjusted comparison was conducted at the significance level of 5%.The results showed that the adjusted mean of the scores of resiliency and psych-asthenia for the intervention group are significantly different (p&gt;5.0) and there is a significant difference between the mean scores of resiliency and psych-asthenia of the treatment and control groups. Pilates exercises increase resiliency and decrease psych-asthenia of the housewives. Thus, it is recommended that psychologists and psychiatrists consider Pilates as a supplementary treatment in their prescriptions.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Schema Therapy on Anxiety, Cognitive Avoidance, and Resilience in Couples With Conflicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Shabnam Mohammadian ◽  
◽  
Parviz Asgari ◽  
Behnam Makvandi ◽  
Farah Naderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Schema Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Avoidance ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Resilience, as a variable affecting couples’ relationships and resolving conflicts between them, plays an essential role in family psychology and family therapy. Materials & Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, a control group, and a 45-day follow-up design. The statistical population included all couples with low marital adjustment who were referred to the psychological counseling centers of Ahvaz City, Iran, in 2020. Thirty participants were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into the experimental and control groups (n=15 couples/group). The necessary data were collected using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The schema therapy program was performed for the experimental group in eight 90-minute weekly sessions; however, the control group received no intervention. The follow-up phase was performed after 45 days. Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used in SPSS to analyze the obtained data. Results: Schema therapy effectively decreased anxiety and cognitive avoidance and increased resilience among couples in the experimental group (P<0.001). The Mean±SD post-test score of resilience was measured as 50.87±4.64 in the experimental group, which increased, compared to the post-test scores (43.33±5.71) in the control group. Conclusion: Schema therapy decreased anxiety, cognitive avoidance, and significantly increased resilience in the examined couples. Schema therapy can be used to improve resilience in couples presenting marital conflicts.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Choice Theory Training on Suicidal Tendency

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Suicidal Tendency ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Academic Year

Background and Objective: Suicide is not an uninvited guest entering unannounced rather it always occurs following a previous background. Suicide is interpreted as an action in order to accredit life or give up everything. Suicide happens because of determinism or full anxiety and depression. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Choice Theory training on the suicidal tendency of first high school male students in Sonqor County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all boys of the first high school in Sonqor County, Kermanshah Province, Iran, in the academic year of 2017-18. According to available statistics, about 500 students were studying at six male high schools from which one high school was selected randomly. After implementing the Multiple Attitude Questionnaire of suicidal tendency in adolescents, 30 students were divided into two groups (15 cases per group) randomly. The obtained data were then analyzed through single-variable and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results of this study showed that the implementation of the Choice Theory Education to first high school male students influenced their suicidal tendency (P<0.01), and suicidal tendency decreased in the students of the experimental group. Furthermore, the results from the comparison of the attraction to death at posttest in two groups by controlling the pretest effect indicated no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the attraction to death scores (F=0.175; P<0.01). Conclusions: Considering the findings, this intervention is a suitable method to modify the behavior and improve adaptation in male students.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Group Schema Therapy in Reducing the Symptoms of Major Depression in a Sample of Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghayeh Hashemi ◽  
Kobra Darvishzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Schema Therapy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Therapy Training ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

<p class="a"><span lang="EN-US">Treatment of the symptoms of major depression is one of the important issues in the treatment of psychological disorders. This study aims to investigate effectiveness of group schema therapy in reducing the symptoms of major depression in a sample of women in the Ahvaz City. This is a quasi-experimental with two control and treatment groups. To this end, 30 married women in Ahvaz were selected using the convenience sampling method and were included in two treatment and control groups of 15 persons. After pre-test for both groups, the experimental group received schema therapy in 10 sessions for one month; however, the control group received no training. Beck Depression Inventory that has an acceptable reliability and validity was used to assess depression. Finally, test scores were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results showed that group schema therapy training was effective at the level of error P&lt;0.0001 on reducing the symptoms of depression in the treatment group. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the group schema therapy training affects the mental health promotion. Therefore, the intervention can be effective in preventing mental injuries.</span></p>

Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy in Marital Burnout, Marital Forgiveness, and Communication Styles of Couples Affected by Extramarital Relationships

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Extramarital Relationships ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Extramarital Affairs ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Marital Forgiveness

Introduction: Extramarital affairs or marital infidelity can be considered one of the most complex and traumatic emotional problems between couples. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy in burnout, marital forgiveness, and communication styles of couples affected by extramarital relationships. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on an applied research method and pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all people referred to counseling centers in Sari, Iran, with extramarital affairs between April and June 2020. The study sample consisted of 30 individuals selected by convenient sampling method and randomly divided into an experimental (emotion-focused couple therapy; n=15) and a control group (n=15). The data were collected using the Couple Burnout Measure (CBM), Forgiveness Questionnaire, and Communication Styles Questionnaire. Subsequently, the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) through univariate analysis of covariance. Results: The findings showed that emotion-focused couple therapy had a statistically significant effect on the subjects regarding the Mutual Constructive Communication (F=7.64; P<0.001), Expectant Male/Female Sidetaker (F=74.18; P<0.001), Expectant Female/Male Sidetaker (F=47.11; P<0.001), Mutual Avoidance Communication (F=59.97; P<0.001), Forgiveness (F=80.15; P<0.001) and Marital Boredom (F=347.92; P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that emotion-focused couple therapy was effective in burnout, marital forgiveness, and communication styles of couples affected by extramarital relationships.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effect of Imago Relationship Therapy and Feldman's Integrated Approach on Marital Commitment in Conflicting Couples

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Marital Conflict ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Marital Commitment ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Relationship Therapy ◽  
Imago Relationship Therapy

Background and Objectives: Marriage has always been considered as the starting point of the family and hence is a complex and very delicate form of human relationship. Commitment is one of the critical predictors of an individuals' willingness to stay in a marriage and a determinant factor regarding its time and quality. In this regard, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of imago relationship therapy (IRT) and Feldman's integrated approach on marital commitment in conflicting couples in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental applied research was conducted based on a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all of the conflicted couples who referred to the Department of Women's Affairs in the Post Bank of the District 6 of Tehran municipality and a Psychological Clinic in the District 22 of Tehran municipality in 2018. In total, 30 couples were enrolled in the study who were equally divided into two groups of intervention and control. The required data were collected using the marital conflict questionnaire developed by Barati and Sanei (1998) and marital commitment questionnaire developed by Adams and Jones (1997). Moreover, the collected data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance. Results: Based on the results, both the IRT and Feldman's integrated approach affected the personal (F=27.63, P<0.001), ethical (F=69.70, P<0.001), and structural commitment (F=40.51, P<0.001). Nevertheless, IRT affected marital commitment more than the Feldman's integrated approach. Conclusion: It can be concluded that IRT and Feldman's integrated approach can improve the marital commitment of conflicting couples.

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy on Cognitive Functions (Working Memory, Concentration, and Attention) of Adolescents Living in Boarding Schools

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Rehabilitation Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Background: Cognitive rehabilitation is a way to restore lost cognitive capacities. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation therapy on cognitive functions (working memory, concentration, and attention) of adolescents living in boarding schools in Tehran. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population includes all adolescents living in welfare boarding schools in the age group was 15 to 18 years old, and they were in Tehran in 2018. Out of 100 people, 60 people who had problems in the mentioned variables were randomly selected, and randomly divided into two groups of 30 people. The first group underwent eight individual sessions of cognitive rehabilitation therapy (by NBK software), and the second group, as a control group, did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and Spss.22 software. Results: The results showed that the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation therapy was effective on cognitive functions (working memory, concentration, and attention) of adolescents (P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that cognitive rehabilitation can successfully affect numerous aspects of cognitive functions, while numerous medical therapies may be required to treat each mere aspect. Further evaluations are strongly recommended.

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