scholarly journals Equity in the Distribution of Health Resources: A Case Study in Southeast Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khammarnia ◽  
Hesam Ghiasvand ◽  
Fateme Javadi ◽  
Fatemeh Safdari Adimi
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Equity in the distribution of equipment and resources in the health sector constitutes one of the main dimensions of justice, improving health status and increasing people's satisfaction. Objectives: The current study aimed at determining how health resources and equipment are distributed in the poorest region of Iran. Methods: The current retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, as the poorest region of Iran, in 2020. Data were collected using a standard checklist from all five health centers affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZAUMS). Excel and STATA software was used for data analysis; the Gini index was also calculated. Results: The Gini index for the distribution of midwives and rural health workers was equitable (0.216 and 0.287, respectively). The distribution of urban healthcare providers, nutrition and psychology counselors, and active beds in ZAUMS were 0.675, 0.545, 0.454, and 0.526, respectively. The distribution of general practitioners, based on the Gini index (0.492), was not fair. Also, the distribution of specialists and nurses was unfair (Gini index: 0.494 and 589, respectively). Conclusions: The distribution of most resources in the poorest region of Iran was not fair. Unfair distribution and disparities can affect population health status in the future. Then, it is suggested that health policymakers and managers pay more attention to deprived regions.

scholarly journals Anxiety amongst physicians during COVID-19: Cross-sectional study in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qaisar Khalid Mahmood ◽  
Sara Rizvi Jafree ◽  
Aisha Jalil ◽  
Syed Mujtaba Hasnain Nadir ◽  
Florian Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Strain ◽  
High Workload

Abstract Background: Ensuring safety and wellbeing of healthcare providers is crucial, particularly during times of a pandemic. In this study, we aim to identify the determinants of anxiety in physicians on duty in coronavirus wards or quarantine centers. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional quantitative survey with an additional qualitative item. Five constructs of workload, exhaustion, family strain, feeling of protection, and anxiety were measured using items from two validated tools. Modifications were made for regional relevance. Factor analysis was performed showing satisfactory Cronbach alpha results. Overall, 103 physicians completed the questionnaire. Results: T-test results revealed significant associations between gender and anxiety. Structural equation modeling identified that high workload contributed to greater exhaustion (β=0.41, R2=0.17, p<0.001) and greater family strain (β=0.47, R2=0.22, p<0.001). Exhaustion (β=0.17, p<0.005), family strain (β=0.34, p<0.001), and feelings of protection (β=-0.30, p<0.001) significantly explained anxiety (R2=0.28). Qualitative findings further identified specific needs of physicians with regard to protective equipment, compensation, quarantine management, resource allocation, security and public support, governance improvement, and health sector development. Conclusions: It is imperative to improve governmental and social support for physicians and other healthcare providers during the corona pandemic. Immediate attention is needed to reduce anxiety, workload, and family strain in frontline practitioners treating coronavirus patients, and to improve their (perceptions of) protection. This is a precondition for patient safety.

scholarly journals African Physician Migration to High-Income Nations: Diverse Motives to Emigrate ("We Are not Florence Nightingale") or Stay in Africa ("There Is No Place Like Home") Comment on "Doctor Retention: A Cross-sectional Study of How Ireland Has Been Losing the Battle"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhenaten Siankam Tankwanchi ◽  
Amy Hagopian ◽  
Sten H. Vermund
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Migration ◽  
The Right

Research in assessing the global and asymmetric flows of health workers in general, and international medical graduates in particular, is fraught with controversy. The complex goal of improving health status of the citizens of home nations while ensuring the right of health workers to migrate generates policy discussions and decisions that often are not adequately informed by evidence. In times of global public health crises like the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic, the need for equitable distribution and adequate training of health workers globally becomes even more pressing. Brugha et al report suboptimal training and working conditions among Irish and foreign medical doctors practicing in Ireland, while predicting large-scale outward migration. We comment on health personnel migration and retention based on our own experience in this area of research. Drawing from our examination of medical migration dynamics from sub-Saharan Africa, we argue for greater consideration of health workforce retention in research and policy related to resource-limited settings. The right to health suggests the need to retain healthcare providers whose education was typically subsidized by the home nation. The right to migrate may conflict with the right to health. Hence, a deeper understanding is needed as to healthcare worker motives based on interactions of psychosocial processes, economic and material determinants, and quality of work environments.

Determinants of national drug products acceptance across patients, pharmacists, and manufacturers: A mixed method study

2020 ◽  
pp. 174113432092662
Author(s):  
Kawther Khalid Ahmed ◽  
Ali Azeez Al-Jumaili ◽  
Shihab Hattab Mutlak ◽  
Mohammed Kamel Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Drug Product ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
National Drug

Introduction The national pharmaceutical industry is pivotal for both the health sector and the national economy. This study aims to identify determinants of national drug products acceptance. The objectives of this study were to quantitatively measure the level of patient and community pharmacist acceptance of national drug products available in community pharmacies and to qualitatively explore the barriers facing national pharmaceutical companies and investigate the suggested solutions. Methods This cross-sectional study used an explanatory mixed method design. It was conducted in Baghdad, Iraq from July through October 2018. The study included two surveys (one for pharmacy customers and another for pharmacists) and thereafter semi-structured interviews of national pharmaceutical company owners/managers. The interview guide was developed based on preliminary quantitative results. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview findings. Results We received 123 patient surveys and 125 usable pharmacist surveys. We conducted seven interviews and stopped when we reached saturation. Integrated qualitative and quantitative findings showed that the main determinants of national drug product acceptance are product characteristics (namely price, packaging, brand, and availability), healthcare providers effect on product promotion and perceived effectiveness, and regulations enforced by authorities mainly the Ministry of Health. Conclusions Product price was the number one modulating factor in patient decision-making when purchasing a drug product. It appears that physicians and pharmacists are playing negative or at least neutral role in promoting national drug products and sustaining patients trust in national drug products. Current policies appeared to slow national drug industry growth and limit manufacturers’ ability to expand their share in the market. Manufacturer marketing efforts can help in gaining physicians and pharmacists support of the national drug product. Reforms to current drug policy and regulations were proposed by manufacturers.

scholarly journals The Sanitary Condition of Food Establishments and Health Status and Personal Hygiene among Food Handlers in a Rural Area of Western Maharashtra, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayant D Deshpande ◽  
Deepak B Phalke
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cooked Food

Background: Foodborne disease occurs in mass catering establishment that is not complying with sanitary and hygienic food handling and preparation. Objective: Objective of the present study was to explore the status of sanitary condition of food establishments and to assess hygienic practices among food handlers. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the sanitary condition of food establishments and personal hygiene of food handlers. Data was collected with the help of structured and pre-tested questionnaires. The questionnaire also allowed the interviewers to record their observations. All the data obtained was entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using the software StatistiXL version 1.8. Result: Separate kitchen and Onsite solid waste storage containers/receptacles were available in 4(16%) establishments. Provision for heating devices for cooked food was available in 5(20%) establishments. Wash basin present with soap were available in 10 (40%) of the food establishments. Sweeping and washing floor with water and disinfectant was done in 8(32%) food establishments. Male and female food handlers’ have equal percentage of morbidity and this difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0.0329, p=0.84), but anaemia was significantly higher among female food handlers (χ2=6.30, p=0.01). Poor hygienic practices were significantly associated with presence of infectious diseases like ARI, diarrhoea, dysentery and skin infections. (χ2=5.71, p=0.017). Conclusion: Food establishments in the study area were found to have poor sanitation and were not maintained well. The health status and the level of personal hygiene of the food handlers in the eating establishments were found to be unsatisfactory. There is need of enforcement of sanitary provisions and educating the food handlers about personal hygiene.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i2.7895 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 23-29

The disparity in geographical accessibility to healthcare resources in Iran: the comparison of two cross-section

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Sara Emamgholipour Sefiddashti ◽  
Ali Kazemi Karyani ◽  
Sadegh Ghazanfari
Keyword(s):  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Resources ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Population

Purpose – Accessing adequate healthcare to all people is one of the main goals of the health sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate healthcare services access development of the provinces in Iran during 2007 and 2013. Design/methodology/approach – This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population included all the provinces in Iran. The data for 13 variables, including physical and human health resources, was collected from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the Statistics Center of Iran. Taxonomy technique was used to determine the degree of healthcare services access development in the provinces. Findings – The findings show that Semnan was the province with the most developed healthcare services access with development score of 0.342 while Sistan Balocehstan province was the least developed with development score of one in 2007. In the year 2013, Chahar-Mahal Bakhtiari and Sistan Baluchestan were the least and most developed provinces with scores of 0.551 and 0.989, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the development scores in access to healthcare services in 2007 and 2013 were 0.7463±0.1268 and 0.7766±0.1058, respectively. Originality/value – Most previous studies that examined disparities in access to healthcare resources in Iran only considered one resource. This study applied a taxonomy technique to investigate the disparity and changes in access using 13 main healthcare resources. This approach helped the authors to investigate whether the decisions of the policy makers were intended to eliminate the disparities.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors That Influenced the Mental Health Status of Public Health Workers During the COVID-19 Epidemic Based on Bayesian Networks: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Peng ◽  
Yangyang Pu ◽  
Xiaoyong Jiang ◽  
Qingmei Zheng ◽  
Jing Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Workers

Background: Public health workers are essential to responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, but research on anxiety and stress among public health workers during the epidemic is limited. This study aimed to evaluate related factors affecting mental health among public health workers during the epidemic.Methods: Between February 19 and 25, 2020, an online, cross-sectional study was conducted among public health workers in a city in China. Mental health status was assessed using the Chinese versions of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), both with a cutoff score of 5. Work-related variables, workloads and sacrifices, and personal perceptions were also assessed.Results: The prevalence of anxiety and depression were 49.2% and 45.7%, respectively, among public health workers. Three risk factors and one protective factor, namely, overcommitment (OR = 1.10∼1.20, p &lt; 0.001), perceived troubles at work (OR = 1.14∼1.18, p &lt; 0.001), perceived tension (OR = 1.11, p &lt; 0.001) and the capability to persist for more than 1 month at the current work intensity (OR = 0.41∼0.42, p &lt; 0.001) were found to be independently associated with anxiety and depression in the multivariable logistic regression analyses after propensity score matching. But the Bayesian networks analysis found that the last three factors directly affect anxiety and depression.Conclusion: Psychological responses to COVID-19 were dramatic among public health workers during the severe phase of the outbreak. To minimize the impact of the epidemic, working conditions should be improved, and easily accessible psychological support services should be implemented.

scholarly journals Knowledge, perception and practices regarding novel coronavirus among sample of Ghanaian healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Dorcas Serwaa ◽  
Anthony Baffour Appiah ◽  
Richard Wodag-Seme ◽  
Charles Nkansah ◽  
Selasie Ahiatrogah
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: Healthcare workers’ have increased risk of contracting the deadly COVID-19 pandemic due to their exposures to infected persons and their specimens. Ghana, like many other countries, has felt the devastating effects of this virus; it was therefore prudent to assess the levels of knowledge, perception and practice of Ghanaian healthcare providers on the current pandemic.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study enlisted 979 healthcare workers’ in Ghana from 1st Apr to 20th Nov, 2020, via self-reported questionnaire. SPSS version 22.0 was used for the analysis. Responses were summarized using frequency and proportions. A chi-square test was utilized to test for association at significant level of p <0.05.Results: Out of the 979 healthcare workers recruited, 56.4% had good knowledge and 59.5% displayed good perception on the novel COVID-19 while 63.1% of them effectively practiced the expected precautionary measures. Age (p=0.001), gender (p=0.034) and profession (p<0.001) significantly affected the practice of precautionary measure among the health personnel. The respondents’ perceptions towards the pandemic were significantly linked to their age (p<0.001), gender (p=0.043), profession (p<0.001), type of occupation (p=0.001) and source of information (p=0.006). Also, knowledge significantly related to good practices but did not influence the perception of HCWs.Conclusions: The current study identifies that more than half of HCWs in Ghana have sufficient knowledge, perception, and practice of precautionary measures; however, it elucidates some significant concerns about the knowledge gap in this COVID-19 outbreak. There is an obvious need for progressive in-service training programs for the health workers to broaden their scopes on the risks and preventive measures. 

Role of Metacognitive Beliefs in the Prediction of Academic Procrastination: A Case Study of the Students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Safari
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Academic Procrastination ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metacognitive Beliefs

BACKGROUND The present study aimed to determine the predictability level of academic procrastination based on students’ metacognitive beliefs at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Iran. OBJECTIVE Determine the predictability level of academic procrastination based on students’ metacognitive beliefs at Kermanshah University of Medices (KUMS), Iran.cal Scien METHODS Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed on 300 students selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected using PASS by Solomon and Rothblum (1984) and Mc0-30 by Wells and Cartwright-Hatton. Data analysis was carried out using Pearson’s correlation-coefficient and regression analysis. RESULTS Results: A negative significant correlation was observed between the subscale of positive beliefs of concern with academic procrastination (r=-0.16; P<0.05). In addition, the metacognitive beliefs of the participants predicted 10% of academic procrastination. The component of positive metacognitive beliefs with the beta value of -0.45 negatively and significantly predicted the students’ academic procrastination, whereas the component of negative metacognitive beliefs with the beta value of 0.42 positively and significantly predicted the students’ academic procrastination (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Conclusion: The obtained results had implications for the better understanding of academic procrastination and using academic interventions for its correction.

scholarly journals Violence, Burnout and Minor Psychiatric Disorders in Hospital Work

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Dal Pai ◽  
Liana Lautert ◽  
Sônia Beatriz Cocaro de Souza ◽  
Maria Helena Palucci Marziale ◽  
Juliana Petri Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Team ◽  
Violence In The Workplace ◽  
Minor Psychiatric Disorders

OBJECTIVE Identifying the violence suffered by the health team workers and their association with Burnout and minor psychiatric disorders. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 269 health team professionals of a public hospital in southern Brazil. Data were collected through the use of the Survey Questionnaire: Workplace Violence in the Health Sector, Maslach Inventory Burnout and Self-Report Questionnaire. RESULTS Workplace violence struck 63.2% of workers, prevailing mostly in women (p = 0.001), among nursing auxiliaries/technicians (p=0.014) and was associated with minor psychiatric disorders (p<0.05), as exposure to different forms of violence increased the chances of these disorders by 60% (CI 95%: 1.2-2.1). The three Burnout dimensions were also associated to violence at work (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Health workers experience violence in the workplace and this exposure is associated with Burnout symptoms and minor psychiatric disorders.

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