scholarly journals A Case of a Pigmented Epithelioid Melanocytoma on a Mucosal Site

2020 ◽  
pp. e2020070
Author(s):  
Alice Ramondetta ◽  
Simone Ribero ◽  
Luca Conti ◽  
Pietro Quaglino ◽  
Paolo Broganelli
Keyword(s):  
Mucosal Site

scholarly journals CLINICAL APPROACH AND MANAGEMENT OF ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME –Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaksharam Jayachandran ◽  
Vidya Jayaram ◽  
Shilpa Shree Kuduva Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Erythema Multiforme ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Mucosal Site ◽  
Typical Skin

Erythema Multiforme (EM) is a rare, autoimmune mucocutaneous disorder characterized by polymorphous oral presentation and target lesions in the skin. It is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, triggered by infections, drugs and rarely idiopathic. EM minor shows ulcerations involving a single mucosal site with typical skin target lesions. EM often reduces the quality of life and increases the morbidity due to difficulty in swallowing, speech and mouth opening. This case report highlights the management approach of EM minor in a 32-year-old male patient and its response to systemic steroids using sequential clinical photographs with 1-month follow up. Keywords: Erythema Multiforme; minor; vesiculobullous; corticosteroids; idiopathic

scholarly journals Lactoferrin translocates to the nucleus of bovine rectal epithelial cells in the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Rybarczyk ◽  
Dmitry Khalenkow ◽  
Evelien Kieckens ◽  
Andre G. Skirtach ◽  
Eric Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Rectal Mucosa ◽  
Bovine Lactoferrin ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Mucosal Site ◽  
Confocal Fluorescence

Abstract Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen which causes illness in humans. Ruminants are the main reservoirs and EHEC predominantly colonizes the epithelium of the recto-anal junction of cattle. Immunosuppression by EHEC promotes re-infection of cattle. However, bovine lactoferrin (bLF) apparently can overrule the immunosuppression by inducing EHEC-specific IgA responses at the mucosal site. The IgA responses are significantly correlated with reduced EHEC shedding and the absence of colonization at the rectal mucosa following re-infection. Therefore, to examine the interaction between bLF and bovine rectal epithelial cells, we first developed a method to establish a primary cell culture of epithelial cells of the rectum of cattle. Furthermore, we used LC–MS/MS to demonstrate the presence of secreted lactoferrin in bovine milk and the absence of a “delta” isoform which is known to translocate to the nucleus of cells. Nevertheless, lactoferrin derived from bovine milk was internalized by rectal epithelial cells and translocated to the nuclei. Moreover, nuclear translocation of bLF was significantly enhanced when the epithelial cells were inoculated with EHEC, as demonstrated by confocal fluorescence microscopy and confirmed by Raman microscopy and 3D imaging.

scholarly journals Passive acquired mucosal immunity to group A streptococci by secretory immunoglobulin A.

1988 ◽  
Vol 167 (6) ◽  
pp. 1945-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bessen ◽  
V A Fischetti
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
M Protein ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Mucosal Site ◽  
Group A ◽  
Immunological Protection ◽  
Protein Serum ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

We present a model in which animals are passively immunized at a mucosal site, allowing one to evaluate immunological protection at the mucosal level only. Affinity-purified, anti-M protein sIgA administered intranasally protected mice against systemic infection after intranasal challenge with group A streptococci. In contrast, anti-M protein serum Ig administered intranasally was not protective at this site, although it neutralized the antiphagocytic property of M protein and promoted phagocytosis. Protection by sIgA occurred despite the lower immunoreactivity of sIgA to purified M protein compared with serum Ig. The data suggest that sIgA can protect at the mucosa and may preclude the need for opsonic IgG in preventing streptococcal infection.

scholarly journals The right time and place: time- and age-dependent vaccine-enhanced mucosal immunity to parasite infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Tom N. McNeilly ◽  
Mairi Mitchell ◽  
Stewart T.G. Burgess ◽  
Alasdair J. Nisbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Mucosal Site ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Immune Pathways ◽  
The Right

AbstractIndividuals vary broadly in their response to vaccination and subsequent exposure to infection, causing persistence of both infection and transmission. The prevalence of poor vaccine responders hampers the development of vaccines, especially against parasitic helminths. Yet despite having substantial economic and societal impact, the immune mechanisms that underlie such variability, especially at the site of parasite infection, remain poorly understood. Previous trials using a prototype vaccine for the control of the gastric parasitic Teladorsagia circumcincta, one of the highest impact parasites affecting sheep, revealed substantial variation in protection between individuals, which we hypothesised may in part be driven by age at vaccination. Here, to characterise how immunity at the mucosal site of infection developed in vaccinated lambs, we inserted gastric cannulae into the abomasa (true stomachs) of three-month- and six-month-old lambs before vaccination, and performed a longitudinal analysis of their local immune response during subsequent challenge infection. We found that the vaccine caused systemic changes in the baseline immune profile within the abomasum before any parasite exposure had occurred and reduced parasite burden and egg output once lambs were infected, regardless of age. However, age affected how vaccinated lambs responded to subsequent infection across multiple immune pathways, with only a minority of protective immune pathways being independent of age. This resulted in younger lambs being more susceptible to infection regardless of vaccine status. The identification of age-dependent (mostly adaptive) and age-independent (mostly innate) protective immune pathways should help refine the formulation of vaccines against these and potentially other helminth parasites of ruminants, and could indicate specificities of anti-helminth immunity more generally.

The uptake of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis within a sexual assault setting in Sydney, Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Templeton ◽  
S C Davies ◽  
A L Garvin ◽  
R J Garsia
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Hiv Seroprevalence ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Mucosal Site ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Anal Penetration

Our aim was to compare the assault characteristics of victims presenting to a sexual assault service who were prescribed HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (HIV PEP) with those not prescribed HIV PEP. A retrospective review was carried out of the medical records of victims who were seen over a 12-month period in 1999/2000. HIV PEP may have been potentially appropriate for 117 victims, of whom nine (7.7%) were prescribed PEP (eight women, one man). There was a trend for prescription of PEP to depend on the type of assault, with those suffering anal penetration most likely to be prescribed PEP, followed by those with vaginal, and then oral penetration ( P=0.08). Those who gave a history of oral or vaginal mucosal contact with ejaculate were more likely to receive PEP compared with those in whom ejaculation occurred at a non-mucosal site ( P=0.03). Most prescribed PEP regimens involved three antiretroviral drugs. In this study, HIV PEP, when prescribed, was in accord with existing guidelines. Future studies should aim to better document HIV seroconversions in victims of sexual assault and HIV seroprevalence in assailants.

scholarly journals Clinical Epidemiological Study of Oral Pre-cancer and Cancer in a Tertiary/Referral Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
Sadaksharam Jayachandran
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Mucosal Site ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Well Differentiated

Abstract Aim: To study the prevalence of oral cancer in patients reported to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital. Materials and Methods: After selecting the patients with the clinical criteria the history of the habits, duration in months and frequency per day, duration of the symptoms, oral mucosal site involvement, lymph node involvement, associated with lesions were recorded in a structured proforma. Incisional biopsy under Local anaesthesia and histological examination was performed. The results obtained were analysed statistically. Results: 200 patients were diagnosed with oral cancer, 49% were male and 51% were females. In that 51(25%) were associated with premalignant lesions, 94 had only one habit, 74 had a combination of habits, 40% were histopathologically moderately differentiated followed by 33% poorly differentiated and 27% well differentiated. And patients with stage III (31%) and IV (43%) were reported predominantly than stage I (12%) and II (14%). Conclusion: Early diagnosis and intervention prevent the progression of oral cancer.

scholarly journals Assessing the delivery of neutrophils to tissues in neutropenia

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Wright ◽  
AI Meierovics ◽  
JM Foxley
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Severe Neutropenia ◽  
Blood Neutrophil ◽  
Cyclic Neutropenia ◽  
Mucosal Site ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Blood Neutrophils ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Neutropenic Patients ◽  
Mouth Wash

Abstract Studies of neutrophil kinetics in neutropenic individuals, as well as clinical observations of variability in the occurrence of infection among patients with neutropenia, have suggested that blood neutrophil counts may not uniformly reflect the effective delivery of neutrophils to extravascular tissues where the cells perform their principal host defense functions. To evaluate this possibility we developed a sensitive, reproducible method of measuring the extravascular delivery of neutrophils to a normal mucosal site of neutrophil turnover. This method is based upon the quantification of neutrophils recoverable from saline mouth wash specimens. Twenty-five mL specimens, obtained in a controlled manner from neutropenic patients and normal subjects, were centrifuged and the sediments resuspended in 1.0 mL Hank's buffer with 2 micrograms acridine orange, incubated at 37 degrees C for 15 minutes, and then examined in a hemocytometer chamber by fluorescence microscopy. Neutrophils could be clearly distinguished by their characteristic fluorescence and were counted. With this method as few as 1,500 neutrophils were detected reliably in mouth wash specimens. Mucosal neutrophil counts varied less than 10% with repeated sampling of individual subjects over 5-day periods and were consistently greater than 1.3 X 10(5)/specimen in non-neutropenic individuals. Although profound neutropenia was generally reflected by lower than normal oral mucosal neutrophil counts, these counts were significantly higher in individuals with chronic severe neutropenia (blood neutrophils less than 300/mm3) than in patients with acute neutropenia of comparable severity that had developed following chemotherapy. Also, in individuals recovering from profound neutropenia, neutrophils usually reappeared earlier in mouth wash specimens than in blood, and oral mucosal neutrophil counts attained recovery levels more rapidly than did blood counts. This phenomenon was particularly evident in an individual with cyclic neutropenia. Moreover, mucosal neutrophils could occasionally be detected in profoundly neutropenic patients when neutrophils were not present in blood samples. These findings indicate that mucosal neutrophil counts in individuals with neutropenia provide information about the delivery of neutrophils to tissues that may not be apparent from blood neutrophil counts alone.

Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma: A Clinical Comparison of Nodal and Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Types

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2486-2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat N. Nathwani ◽  
James R. Anderson ◽  
James O. Armitage ◽  
Franco Cavalli ◽  
Jacques Diebold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Mucosal Site

PURPOSE: In the International Lymphoma Study Group classification of lymphoma, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type is listed as a distinctive entity. However, nodal MZL is listed as a provisional entity because of questions as to whether it is truly a disease or just an advanced stage of MALT-type MZL. To resolve the issue of whether primary nodal MZL without involvement of mucosal sites exists and whether it is clinically different from extranodal MALT-type lymphoma, we compared the clinical features of these two lymphomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five expert hematopathologists reached a consensus diagnosis of MZL in 93 patients. Seventy-three were classified as having MALT-type MZL because of involvement of a mucosal site at the time of diagnosis, and 20 were classified as having nodal MZL because of involvement of lymph nodes without involvement of a mucosal site. RESULTS: A comparison of the clinical features of nodal MZL and MALT-type MZL showed that more patients with nodal MZL presented with advanced-stage disease (71% v 34%; P = .02), peripheral lymphadenopathy (100% v 8%; P < .001), and para-aortic lymphadenopathy (56% v 14%; P < .001) than those with MALT-type MZL. However, fewer patients with nodal MZL had a large mass (≥ 5 cm) than those with MALT-type MZL (31% v 68%; P = .03). The 5-year overall survival of patients with nodal MZL was lower than that for patients with MALT-type MZL (56% v 81%; P = .09), with a similar result for failure-free survival (28% v 65%; P = .01). Comparisons of patients with International Prognostic Index scores of 0 to 3 showed that those with nodal MZL had lower 5-year overall survival (52% v 88%; P = .025) and failure-free survival (30% v 75%; P = .007) rates than those with MALT-type MZL. CONCLUSION: Nodal MZL seems to be a distinctive disease entity rather than an advanced stage of MALT-type MZL because the clinical presentations and survival outcomes are different in these two types of MZL. Clinically, nodal MZL is similar to other low-grade, node-based B-cell lymphomas, such as follicular and small lymphocytic lymphomas.

Phase I/II Trial of Radiation With Chemotherapy “Boost” for Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck: Toxicities and Responses

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2390-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S. Garden ◽  
Bonnie S. Glisson ◽  
K. Kian Ang ◽  
William H. Morrison ◽  
Scott M. Lippman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Concurrent Chemotherapy ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Neutropenic Sepsis ◽  
Mucosal Site ◽  
High Control ◽  
Two Phases

PURPOSE: Extrapolating from our experience delivering a “boost” field of radiation concurrently with fields treating both gross and subclinical disease at the end of a course of radiation therapy, we developed a regimen to deliver concurrent chemotherapy during the last 2 weeks of a conventionally fractionated course of radiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients had stage III or IV biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma originating from a head and neck mucosal site. The regimen was 70 Gy delivered over 7 weeks with concurrent fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin given daily with each radiation dose during the last 2 weeks. A phase I study was performed to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) before a phase II study was conducted. RESULTS: The MTD was 400 mg/m2 per day for 5-FU and 10 mg/m2 per day for cisplatin. Mucositis persisting more than 6 weeks after therapy was the dose-limiting toxicity. A total of 60 patients were treated on the two phases of the study. Eighteen patients (35%) treated at the MTD developed prolonged mucositis. There were two cases of neutropenic sepsis, including one fatality. The actuarial 2-year rates for overall survival, freedom from relapse, and local control were 62%, 59%, and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Preliminary locoregional control rates seem to be higher than those reported for treatment with radiation alone. Toxicity was also greater than that seen with radiation alone, but the regimen was designed to deliver an intense treatment schedule, which could be completed without significant interruptions, and to obtain high control rates above the clavicles. These end points were achieved.

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