What Can Virtue Ethics Offer Pacifists?

Acorn ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-50
Author(s):  
Steven Steyl ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Virtue Ethicist ◽  
The Third ◽  
Additional Work ◽  
Popular Subject

Though warfare has been a popular subject of inquiry in Aristotelian virtue ethics since antiquity, pacifism has almost never been afforded sympathetic study. This paper helps to fill that lacuna by asking whether and how secular virtue ethics can provide a theory of pacifism, whether and how it might defeat some common/foreseeable objections, and what additional work needs to be done in order for virtue ethicists to provide a philosophically robust account of pacifism. I begin by translating a pacifist argument from suffering into an argument from the virtue of compassion. Compassionate agents, sensitive as they are to others’ plights, will be highly averse to lethal warfare. In the second section, I argue that cases for pacifism like this one, which are rooted in individual virtues, cannot constitute a complete argument for pacifism because of the commonly held view that the virtues are reciprocal/unified, and that such an argument will therefore require supplementation in order to be action-guiding. The third section elaborates on what I call the impracticality objection. Any convincing account of pacifism will have to respond to this objection, and I argue that virtue ethical pacifism is especially vulnerable to it. In the fourth section, I highlight two avenues available to the virtue ethicist who defends pacifism from the impracticality objection. Neither of these avenues is viable without further research, however, so while I insist that virtue ethical pacifism is not defeated by the impracticality objection, I maintain also that this form of pacifism requires further scholarly work.

Doing Good, Choosing Freely: How Moral Enhancement Can Be Compatible with Individual Freedom

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-709
Author(s):  
JOSHUA M. BROSTOFF
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Moral Enhancement ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Naturalistic Account

Abstract:Moral enhancement has been accused of curtailing human freedoms. In this article, I suggest the opposite: moral enhancement and individual freedom can go hand in hand. The first section defines freedom, enhancement, and morality and argues that only a naturalistic account of morality allows for the concept of enhancement. The second section looks at ways that freedom may be threatened by moral enhancement, especially by the method of implementation, the creation of new externalities, or the limitation of volitional options. I argue that virtue ethics offers the safest model for moral enhancement. The third section describes ways in which moral enhancement can be achieved while maintaining, or even increasing, individual freedom. Such methods include shifting of the moral axis, replacing vicious options with virtuous ones, and increasing the number of volitional options available. The article concludes in the fourth section by arguing that the technology and techniques that allow us moral enhancement are likely to be the same ones that allow greater freedom than we already enjoy.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING OF SENTENCED PERSONS IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
JAROSLAV KLÁTIK ◽  
◽  
LIBOR KLIMEK
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
European Level ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third

The work deals with implementation of electronic monitoring of sentenced persons in the Slovak Republic. It is divided into eight sections. The first section introduces restorative justice as a prerequisite of electronic monitoring in criminal proceedings. While the second section points out at the absence of legal regulation of electronic monitoring of sentenced persons at European level, the third section points out at recommendations of the Council of Europe addressed to European States. The fourth section analyses relevant alternative punishments in Slovak criminal justice. The fifth section introduces early beginnings of implementation of concerned system - the pilot project “Electronic Personnel Monitoring System” of the Ministry of Justice of the Slovak Republic. While the sixth section is focused on Slovak national law regulating electronic monitoring of sentenced persons - the Act No. 78/2015 Coll. on Control of the Enforcement of Certain Decisions by Technical Instruments, the seventh section is focused on further amendments of Slovak national law - namely the Act No. 321/2018 Coll. and the Act No. 214/2019 Coll. The last eight section introduces costs of system implementation and its operation.

Logicism Reconsidered

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Rayo
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Section ◽  
Truth Values ◽  
The Third

This article is divided into four sections. The first two identify different logicist theses, and show that their truth-values can be established given minimal assumptions. The third section sets forth a notion of “content-recarving” as a possible constraint on logicist theses. The fourth section—which is largely independent from the rest of the article—is a discussion of “neologicism.”

Epistemic self-esteem of philosophers in the face of philosophical disagreement

Human Affairs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-342
Author(s):  
László Bernáth ◽  
János Tőzsér
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Philosophical Beliefs ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Epistemic Peers ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Performance

AbstractOur paper consists of four parts. In the first part, we describe the challenge of the pervasive and permanent philosophical disagreement over philosophers’ epistemic self-esteem. In the second part, we investigate the attitude of philosophers who have high epistemic self-esteem even in the face of philosophical disagreement and who believe they have well-grounded philosophical knowledge. In the third section, we focus on the attitude of philosophers who maintain a moderate level of epistemic self-esteem because they do not attribute substantive philosophical knowledge to themselves but still believe that they have epistemic right to defend substantive philosophical beliefs. In the fourth section, we analyse the attitude of philosophers who have a low level of epistemic self-esteem in relation to substantive philosophical beliefs and make no attempt to defend those beliefs. We argue that when faced with philosophical disagreement philosophers either have to deny that the dissenting philosophers are their epistemic peers or have to admit that doing philosophy is less meaningful than it seemed before. In this second case, philosophical activity and performance should not contribute to the philosophers’ overall epistemic self-esteem to any significant extent.

The Concept of Political Equality: A Post-Dahl Analysis

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Ware
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Theory ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Introductory Section ◽  
Conservative Nature ◽  
Three Components

This article presents an analysis of the concept of political equality that is derived partly from the analysis of Robert Dahl. Following an introductory section, the conservative nature of Dahl's idea of political equality is outlined from four perspectives. With the last of these perspectives, a distinction between ‘populist’ and ‘liberal’ theories of democracy is introduced. In the third section it is argued that there are three components of political equality within a liberal theory, and the fourth section is devoted to an analysis of one of these—equality of treatment in the promotion of interests.

Journalistic objectivity and The Daily Show with Jon Stewart

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Harris Parker
Keyword(s):  
National Identities ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Daily Show ◽  
Daily Show ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

The press is a constitutive part of our society. It helps create national identities and formulates society's understanding of itself and its place in the world. Moreover, a free press is indispensable for ensuring the vibrancy of a democracy. For these reasons, a close inspection of news, and an evaluation of its performance, is crucial. We must look to the development of the mass press at the turn of the twentieth century to locate the beginnings of journalistic objectivity and the type of news we are familiar with today. The first section of this paper offers a review of accounts of this transformational period, placing opposing theories within the larger framework of the frictions between cultural studies and political economy, and underscores the need for a holistic understanding of the period. The second section chronicles the press's articulation of its new professional tenets, offers a definition of journalistic objectivity, and reveals its intrinsic limitations. The third section details how the modern press's ideal democratic mandate has been compromised, with the influence of the press being used instead to ensconce powerful interests. And the fourth section outlines the calls for a redefinition of journalism in light of the failures covered in the preceding section. Finally, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart is offered as an alternative journalistic form that transcends the dangerous dogma of traditional news outlets, allowing it to fulfill the democratic responsibility of the press by encouraging a critical and astute citizenry.

The Turkish Diaspora in Germany

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-301
Author(s):  
Wesley D. Chapin
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
German Politics ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status ◽  
Prime Target

At the beginning of 1995, nearly two million Turkish nationals were living in Germany. While this represents only about 2.5% of the total population, the Turkish minority significantly influences German politics. As the single largest group of “foreigners” living in Germany, the Turkish population is a prime target of rightwing violence. Questions regarding Turkish rights to residency, work permits, and citizenship are controversial domestic political issues and their presence affects international relations between Germany and Turkey. This article examines the Turkish diaspora in Germany and its implications for Germany’s domestic and international politics. The first section identifies the status of the Turks living in Germany. The second traces the growth of the Turkish population in Germany. The third evaluates the domestic political and economic effects that the Turkish presence engenders, as well as prospects for assimilation. The fourth section identifies ways that international relations are influenced by the Turkish minority in Germany.

ELECTRONIC MONITORING OF SENTENCED PERSONS IN SLOVAK LEGAL PRACTICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
JAROSLAV KLÁTIK ◽  
◽  
LIBOR KLIMEK
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Good Investment ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
The Right

The work deals with practical issues of electronic monitoring of sentenced persons in the Slovak Republic. It is divided into seven sections. The first section deals with applicable law - the Act No. 78/2015 Coll. on Control of the Enforcement of Certain Decisions by Technical Instruments. The second section analyses types of the control of the enforcement of decisions and their use. The third section introduces the requirements for the control. The fourth section briefly introduces the application of the system in civil proceedings. The fifth section points out at the interference of the control with the right to privacy. The sixth section answers the question if the system was a good investment or a wasting of money. The last seventh section introduces recommendations for policymakers and legal practitioners.

scholarly journals Constitutional Identity in the EU–A Shield or a Sword?

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1617-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Faraguna
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Member States ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Constitutional Adjudication ◽  
Constitutional Identity ◽  
The Eu

This Article consists of five sections. In the first section, it describes why identity questions matter, particularly in Europe. In the second section, the Article tackles the issue of multiple structural ambiguities affecting the concept of constitutional identity in the European constitutional vocabulary. In the third section, the Article explores trends concerning the use of constitutional identity in the European legal discourse and practice, including the development of alternative interpretations and applications of the notion of constitutional identities in the Member States. The fourth section of the Article combines the analytical accounts outlined in the second section with the trends identified in the third section, contending that different conceptions and applications of constitutional identity have varying effects on the European composite constitutional adjudication system and that the institutional and procedural framework should be calibrated accordingly. The final section of this Article draws some conclusions.

scholarly journals O ENSINO E A PESQUISA SOBRE POLÍTICA EXTERNA NO CAMPO DAS RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS DO BRASIL

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Aurélio Pimenta de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status ◽  
Theses And Dissertations

The purpose of this article is to analyze teaching and research on foreign policy in Brazil in the last two decades. The first section discusses how the main narratives about the evolution of International Relations in Brazil, considered as an area of knowledge, depict the place that has been designed, in the same area, to the study of foreign policy. The second section is devoted to an assessment of the status of foreign policy in IR teaching in the country, both at undergraduate and scricto sensu graduate programs. There is also a mapping and characterization of theses and dissertations which had foreign policy as object. The third section assesses the space given to studies on foreign policy in three academic forums nationwide, namely: the meetings of ABRI (Brazilian Association of International Relations), the ABCP (Brazilian Association of Political Science) and ANPOCS (National Association of Graduate Programs and Research in Social Sciences). In the fourth section there is a mapping and characterization of the published articles on foreign policy between 1990 and 2010, in the following IR Brazilian journals: Cena Internacional, Contexto Internacional, Política Externa and Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional. At last, the fifth and final section seeks to assess briefly the importance that comparative studies have in the sub-area of foreign policy in the country. The final considerations make a general assessment of the empirical research presented in the previous sections.

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