scholarly journals Pode o Deflacionismo Negar o Princípio de Bivalência?

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (28) ◽  
pp. 227-244
Author(s):  
Teresa Marques ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Relevant Item ◽  
The Way

The simplest and most widely endorsed elucidation of the notions of truth and falsehood is given in Aristotle’s dictum: “to say of what is not that it is, and of what is that it is not, is false; while to say of what is that it is, and of what is not that it is not, is true”. Nowadays, while some take the dictum as the first Statement of truth as correspondence, the dictum may also be seen as a first Statement of deflationism. Deflationism holds that the essential about truth is captured in equivalence schemas for truth. Similar schemas are usually put forward for falsity. Can deflationism coherently deny bivalence? I will argue that it cannot since the putative counterexamples to bivalence also falsify the relevant truth-schemas. The attempts made to render the supposition of counter examples to bivalence compatible with the truth-schemas usually take two steps: in the first place, they try to deal with the way we can reject that a relevant item is bivalent without self-contradiction, and, in the second place, they try to explain how, although there are gaps, the schemas for truth and falsehood are still correct. I will argue that these attempts fail, since they are ad hoc or generally ungrounded. So, either deflationism is in adequate as an account of truth, or there cannot be counterexamples to bivalence. I conclude that it is not only deflationism that faces this dilemma; anyone who defends that some version or other of the truth-schemas is correct faces the same difficulties as the deflationist. This would corne as no surprise for Aristotle. His dictum about truth was followed by a Statement of bivalence: “so that he who says of anything that it is, or that it is not, will say either what is true or what is false”.

Revisiting the risk of undesired appeal in investment treaty arbitration: is deference to the tribunal’s award still less likely in the ICSID context?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J Marcopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Investment Treaty ◽  
Investment Treaty Arbitration ◽  
The Way

Abstract Although they are generally not subject to appeal the way court decisions typically are, investor-State arbitration awards can be reviewed—and potentially set aside—in a number of ways and on various bases. In this respect, investor-State arbitration under the auspices of ICSID is notable in that it provides a self-contained system for the review of arbitral awards by ICSID-appointed ad hoc committees. In the period 2000–2010, this feature of the ICSID system attracted criticism as ad hoc committees appeared to be overreaching in their review of arbitral awards, exercising less deference to the tribunal’s decisions than what would be expected given the narrow bases for setting aside an award under the ICSID Convention. This article revisits the issue 10 years later, exploring whether ICSID practice has evolved in these areas and whether there remains a greater risk of unexpected de novo review by ICSID ad hoc committees. Looking at recent ICSID annulment decisions as well as the case law of arbitration-friendly jurisdictions, the article concludes that although the ICSID ad hoc committees have recently shown more restraint, they continue to interfere more with the tribunal’s reasoning and decisions than many courts exercising the same function.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Anna L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Power Networks ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
False Sense ◽  
State Policymaking ◽  
The Way

Summarises the nature of alcohol policy in Russia and explains why such diverse perceptions of it exist. The existence of the anti-alcohol initiative under Medvedev gave a false sense of cohesiveness and intentionality to alcohol policy, concealing its fragmented and ad hoc nature. The kleptocracy inherent in Russia’s political economy has a distorting effect on state policymaking, as formal state priorities are undermined by the priorities of informal power networks. This can be seen in the way in which an official policy of reducing spirits consumption has been distorted into policies that impact harshly on vodka’s main competitor, beer.

Wireless Technologies for Mobile Computing

2011 ◽  
pp. 114-129
Author(s):  
Biju Issac ◽  
C. E. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Computing ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Radio Propagation ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
802.11 Networks ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Way

Mobility and computing were two concepts that never met a decade or two ago. But with the advent of new wireless technologies using radio propagation, the impossible is now becoming possible. Though there are many challenges to be overcome in terms of improving the bandwidth and security as with a wired network, the developments are quite encouraging. It would definitely dictate the way we do transactions in future. This chapter briefly explores some popular wireless technologies that aid in mobile computing, like 802.11 networks, Bluetooth networks, and HomeRF networks. Under 802.11 networks, we investigate the details of both infrastructure and ad hoc networks and its operations. The reader is thus made aware of these technologies briefly along with their performance, throughput, and security issues, which finally concludes with user preferences of these technologies.

Citizenship, Migration, and Confessional Democracy in Lebanon

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut Jaulin
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Citizenship Regime ◽  
The Way

No major citizenship reform has been adopted in Lebanon since the creation of the Lebanese citizenship in 1924. Moreover, access to citizenship for foreign residents does not depend on established administrative rules and processes, but instead on ad hoc political decisions. The Lebanese citizenship regime is thus characterized by immobilism and discretion. This paper looks at the relationship between citizenship regime and confessional democracy, defined as a system of power sharing between different religious groups. It argues that confessional democracy hinders citizenship reform and paves the way to arbitrary naturalization practices, and that, in turn, the citizenship regime contributes to the resilience of the political system. In other words, the citizenship regime and the political system are mutually reinforcing.

THE OTTOMANS DURING THE GLOBAL CRISES OF CHOLERA AND PLAGUE: THE VIEW FROM IRAQ AND THE GULF

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isacar A. Bolaños
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
State Building ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Ottoman ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe cholera and plague pandemics of the 19th and early 20h centuries shaped Ottoman state-building and expansionist efforts in Iraq and the Gulf in significant ways. For Ottoman officials, these pandemics brought attention to the possible role of Qajar and British subjects in spreading cholera and plague, as well as the relationship between Iraq's ecology and recurring outbreaks. These developments paved the way for the expansion of Ottoman health institutions, such as quarantines, and the emergence of new conceptions of public health in the region. Specifically, quarantines proved instrumental not only to the delineation of the Ottoman–Qajar border, but also to defining an emerging Ottoman role in shaping Gulf affairs. Moreover, the Ottomans’ use of quarantines and simultaneous efforts to develop sanitary policies informed by local ecological realities signal a localized and ad hoc approach to disease prevention that has been overlooked. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that environmental factors operating on global and regional scales were just as important as geopolitical factors in shaping Ottoman rule in Iraq and the Gulf during the late Ottoman period.

The Speculative Scheme

1997 ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Philosophical Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

This chapter discusses Alfred North Whitehead's speculative scheme. The elaboration of a speculative scheme does not proceed in an ad hoc manner, but is controlled each step of the way by the norms which govern the ideal product. The most fundamental criterion of any metaphysics is that it be self-referential, interpreting not only the world of experience but itself, its process of formulation, and its relation to other theories as well. Any philosophical theory should be the prime exemplification of itself if it is not to be useless speculation. For Whitehead's scheme, this entails that the theory manifest the same organic interconnections as it ascribes to the world.

Blending Virtual Campuses Managing Differences through Web 2.0 Experiences in Transnational Cooperation Projects

2010 ◽  
pp. 215-234
Author(s):  
Yuri Kazepov ◽  
Giovanni Torris
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Effective Teaching ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Technical Content ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Way

Starting from the increasingly widespread need to develop effective teaching in complex transnational settings, this chapter presents an innovative blended model with Web 2.0 collaborative learning strategies built in. The model balances pedagogical, technical and content related issues into an ad hoc institutionally designed 60 ECTS (European Credit Transfer System) curriculum of the European Masters in Comparative Urban Studies (E-Urbs). The chapter aims at disentangling the different dimensions involved in the curriculum delivery, highlighting the pros and cons of all dimensions of the model adopted. In doing so the chapter is divided into three sections. The first section addresses the challenges that effective teaching in complex transnational settings has to face, in particular it highlights the crucial need of managing differences. In the E-Urbs project we had 24 students from 14 countries, 5 continents, 6 disciplinary backgrounds, 32 scholars from 9 partner institutions in 8 countries. The second section deals with the way in which challenges and differences have been addressed and describes the dimensions of the blended model the authors adopted, arguing that a sound virtual campus arrangement should address the pedagogical, technical and content related dimensions in a balanced way considering the institutional setting within which they are embedded. The third section addresses the way in which the blended approach has been enriched through a Web 2.0 perspective, promoting p2p (peer-to-peer) collaboration in the generation of knowledge. The main argument is that an increasingly fluid society generates and treats information differently and learning agencies should not only acknowledge these differences but should address them with balanced learning models which take advantage of the new 2.0 paradigms. The authors argue that the result of a balanced blended Web 2.0 approach helps to transform the challenges into a resource for each of the stakeholders involved (e.g., students, scholars, partners, institutions) providing an added value in each dimension of the learning process (pedagogical, technical, content related and institutional).

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Pallavi Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Interim Measures ◽  
The Way

1950, then, was an interesting year: it had all the makings of the sets of causes that bring about both war and peace between India and Pakistan. Nehru and Liaquat Ali Khan had fulminated to their constituent assemblies over each other’s duplicity over the refugee question; but they had also gone ahead with the shaping of a correspondence on the No War Pact. No ‘permanent’ solution—war, peace, or any of the intervening shades in between—was put into place, but a series of ad hoc, interim measures that could be countenanced by both states were devised in the meanwhile to patch things over. What was acknowledged on both sides was that the way to a lasting stability lay in finding answers that could lay the ghosts of partition to rest once and for all. And, to some extent at least, both governments made concerted efforts to bring this about....

Pandemic Parliamentary Oversight of Delegated Legislation: Comparing the Performance of Westminster Systems

ICL Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritam Dey ◽  
Julian R Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Legislative Oversight ◽  
The World ◽  
Parliamentary Systems ◽  
Legislative Model ◽  
Parliamentary Oversight ◽  
The Way

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is testing parliamentary systems of governance across the world, especially in relation to oversight of executive actions. Observers in multiple jurisdictions have already noted the proliferation of delegated legislation during the pandemic and the shortcomings in legislative oversight of the same. To date, however, no close analysis has been conducted of the way in which legislative oversight mechanisms have broken down during the pandemic. This paper provides such an analysis, using examples from Westminster systems adopting the ‘legislative model’ of providing extraordinary powers. Looking at individual examples from Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, the analysis seeks to identify and explain the failures, and relative successes, in different mechanisms for parliamentary oversight, including parliamentary scrutiny committees (pre-existing and ad-hoc), disallowance, and sunset clauses. Although primarily descriptive, the comparative approach analysis permits preliminary conclusions to be drawn as to the way each jurisdiction may improve its methods of parliamentary oversight of delegated legislation. These comparative lessons will be of use both during and beyond the pandemic.

Stalking the elusive mental image screen

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenon W. Pylyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mental Image ◽  
Spatial Properties ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Imagery Debate ◽  
Image Representations ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Image Screen ◽  
The Way

After thirty years of the current “imagery debate,” it appears far from resolved, even though there seems to be a growing acceptance that a cortical display cannot be identified directly with the experienced mental image, nor can it account for the experimental findings on imagery, at least not without additional ad hoc assumptions. The commentaries on the target article range from the annoyed to the supportive, with a surprising number of the latter. In this response I attempt to correct some misreadings of the target article and discuss some of the ideas and evidence introduced by the commentators – much of which I found helpful, even though they do not alter my basic thesis. I also further develop the idea that the spatial character of images may come from the way they are connected to our immediate or immediately-recalled environment (by attention or by visual indexes) and towards which we may orient while we are imaging, thus leaving the alleged spatial properties of images outside the head and freeing image-representations from having to be displayed on any surface.

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