The difference in fine root lifespan between successive rotations of poplar plantation and the dominant causal factors

Improved cultural practices in grape require a better understanding of root growth and physiology. Seasonal root dynamics were examined in mature `Concord' vines with balanced or minimal-pruning, and with or without supplemental irrigation in Fredonia, N.Y. Fine roots were continuously produced during the growing season starting in mid-June around time of bloom. Roots began to die in September at verasion. Minimal-pruned vines produced more roots than balanced-pruned vines, with the minimal-pruned/unirrigated vines producing the most roots. Irrigation and pruning delayed fine root production at the beginning of the growing season. Peak fine root flush was 16 June to 21 July 1997 for the minimal-pruned/unirrigated treatment, while peak flush was 7 July to 2 Sept. 1997 for balanced-pruned/irrigated treatment. In minimal-pruned vines, many roots were observed down to depths of 120 cm. In contrast, balanced-pruned vines had very few fine roots deeper than 40 cm. From initial observations, median lifespan of fine roots was 5 to 9.5 weeks, depending on treatment and depth in soil. Fine roots lived longer in the top 15-cm than in the 16- to 30-cm layer of soil in all treatments. Both minimal pruning and irrigation increased root lifespan. Fine roots had the shortest lifespan in the balanced-pruned/unirrigated treatment and the longest lifespan in the minimal-pruned/irrigated treatment.

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The coordination between leaf and fine root litter decomposition and the difference in their controlling factors

Global Ecology and Biogeography ◽

10.1111/geb.13384 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lulu Guo ◽

Meifeng Deng ◽

Sen Yang ◽

Weixin Liu ◽

Xin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Litter Decomposition ◽

Fine Root ◽

Controlling Factors ◽

Root Litter ◽

The Difference

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Prevalence and Causal Factors of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Upper Extremity and Trunk among Japanese Pianists and Piano Students

Medical Problems of Performing Artists ◽

10.21091/mppa.2006.3023 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 112-117

Author(s):

Shinichi Furuya ◽

Hidehiro Nakahara ◽

Tomoko Aoki ◽

Hiroshi Kinoshita

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Age Groups ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Daily Practice ◽

The Other ◽

Causal Factors ◽

Western Countries ◽

Other Hand ◽

The Difference

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) among Japanese female classical pianists of different age groups. The causal factors for PRMDs also were examined. A group of 203 senior pianists, including piano teachers and students with piano majors at high schools and colleges, were surveyed using questionnaires. Results showed that 77% of these pianists suffered from PRMDs in at least one of their body portions. This value was larger than those reported in Western countries. Forty-four percent of these were serious enough to warrant medical treatment, which was a lower rate than reported in Western countries. The difference in these numbers may reflect the current state of understanding of PRMDs among Japanese pianists and their educators. The prevalence of PRMDs was found to be age-dependent. In the student groups, the finger/hand had the highest rate of PRMDs, followed by the forearm and shoulder. The senior group, on the other hand, had the highest PRMD incidence at the neck/trunk, followed by the forearm and hand/finger. Care may need to be exercised for these differences. The results also indicated that prolonged daily practice (>4 hours), playing chords forcefully, eagerness about practice, and nervous traits were found to contribute to the development of PRMDs in these pianists. Hand size was, on the other hand, not a significant risk factor of PRMDs.

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Miskonsepsi Siswa pada Pemahaman Konsep Bangun Ruang

Jurnal Review Pembelajaran Matematika ◽

10.15642/jrpm.2020.5.2.72-86 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 72-86

Author(s):

Arif Muchyidin ◽

Lefi Nurlatif ◽

Indah Nursuprianah

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Causal Factors ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

8Th Grade ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

The Difference ◽

Research Students ◽

Understanding Pictures ◽

Area And Volume

The purpose of this study is to describe 8th-grade students’ misconceptions in solving surface area and volume of beam and cube problems and their causal factors. This is qualitative descriptive research. Based on the research, students’ misconceptions in solving surface area and volume of beam and cube problems are misconceptions on the concept of a beam, misconceptions on the concept of the cube, misconceptions on the concept of prerequisite material, misconceptions on unit comprehension, misconceptions on the understanding of meaning, and misconceptions on sign and number operations. While the causal factors of misconception are students’ assumptions about the lack of importance of concepts so students only memorize formulas, students are not able to associate one concept with other concepts, lack of understanding concepts in prerequisite material, misunderstanding the meaning of words in a problem, students have difficulty understanding pictures., misunderstanding the difference in the size of area and length.

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Fine root lifespan and influencing factors of four tree species with different life forms

Acta Ecologica Sinica ◽

10.5846/stxb201904020641 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (9) ◽

Author(s):

于水强，王静波，郝倩葳，王维枫，王琪，詹龙飞 YU Shuiqiang

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Tree Species ◽

Fine Root ◽

Life Forms ◽

Root Lifespan

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Study on Structural Plywood Production Technology from Eucalyptus/poplar

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1547 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 476-478 ◽

pp. 1547-1552 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Li Hong Yao ◽

Xi Ming Wang ◽

Ben Hua Fei

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Production Technology ◽

Hot Pressing ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Pressing Pressure ◽

Poplar Plantation ◽

Pressing Temperature ◽

Pressing Time ◽

The Difference

With the rapid development of wooden structure buildings in China, the demand for structural plywood enlarges significantly. Eucalyptus and poplar plantation is a very wide area of growth in china, therefore, there is practical significance to use eucalyptus and poplar plantation to produce wooden structural plywood. This study uses orthogonal test on pressing temperature, pressing time, pressing pressure, veneer glue spread - four factors influence the bond strength of structural plywood from Eucalyptus/poplar, and has obtained the superior technology. The results show that hot pressing temperature, pressing time, pressing pressure, veneer glue spread –four factors affect the bond strength of the structure plywood significantly, but the difference among the three veneer glue spread levels is not significantly. The better production technology is hot pressing temperature 135 °C, pressing time 24 min, pressing pressure 1.2 Mpa, veneer glue spread 320 g/m2.

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Causal Factors of Judicial Decisions Disparity on Cases of Violence Against Children

International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding ◽

10.18415/ijmmu.v5i5.231 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Sebastianus Mantolas ◽

Supanto Supanto ◽

Widodo Tresno Novianto

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

State Court ◽

Analytic Thinking ◽

Causal Factors ◽

High Court ◽

Violence Against Children ◽

Judicial Decisions ◽

Court Judge ◽

Approach Method ◽

The Difference

Disparity Judge's verdict on crime cases of recent violent against children often happens everywhere, one of them is in Kupang High Court of East Nusa Tenggara. Justice nowadays, generally aimed at the justice holders, in this case, are more specifically aimed at the profession of judges. Then, the approach method used was Normative with analytic thinking which means departing from an event. The research showed that: the factors that are very influential on the judge's decision were the difference of law application between the judge of the state court and the high court judge, so that always appear the case of disparity. Disparity done by the judge turned out to be caused a very big problem, this is due to the judge decided freely based on their self-desire the things that will be done or not done in a verdict.

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