scholarly journals Barremian anurans of the Iberian Peninsula: new insights into their taxonomic diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
undefined Ana M. BÁEZ
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Postcranial Skeleton ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Skeletal Morphology ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Fossil Site ◽  
Extinct Genus

The Barremian continental successions of the Iberian Peninsula have yielded numerous remains of anurans. Some of these finds consist of fragmentary bones whereas others furnish more complete evidence on the skeletal morphology and proportions of the represented taxa. Notwithstanding the foregoing, most of these records have been ascribed either to the relatively basal extant costatan clade or to the poorly known extinct genus Eodiscoglossus Villalta, 1954 based on insufficient data. Recent revisions of some of these materials have demonstrated the presence of traits presumably plesiomorphic and unknown in extant costatans, thereby casting doubts on their phylogenetic placements. Herein two specimens from the upper Barremian Las Hoyas Konservat-lagerstätte are thoroughly described and compared, providing evidence of additional anuran taxa in this site. One of these specimens, initially reported as cf. Eodiscoglossus, is referred to Wealdenbatrachus Fey, 1988, a genus already described in the coeval fossil site of Uña. Another specimen consisting of a partial postcranial skeleton is documented by a latex-rubber cast and a photograph; it represents a new taxon whose phylogenetic position remains uncertain due to the incompleteness of the available evidence. Comments on a third specimen that might belong to another taxon are included, although its detailed description awaits its full preparation. The overview of the Barremian taxa currently recognized from Iberia reveals the co-occurrence of taxa of different sizes, body proportions, and lifestyles, suggesting some ecological partitioning in consonance with the heterogeneous habitats represented in the yielding fossil sites.

The postcranial skeleton, phylogenetic position, and probable lifestyle of the Early Triassic reptile Procolophon trigoniceps

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael deBraga
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Postcranial Skeleton ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Key Innovations

A morphological study of the postcranial skeleton of Procolophon trigoniceps from the Lower Triassic of South Africa and Antarctica is undertaken. Procolophon shares a sister-group relationship with the procolophonid Tichvinskia from the Lower Triassic of Russia and is a basal member of Procolophonidae. This clade also includes the enigmatic taxon Sclerosaurus, believed most recently to be a pareiasaur relative. Owenettids form a separate lineage from Procolophonidae and are predominantly restricted to the Permian of both South Africa and Madagascar. A phylogenetically based assessment is considered, in which specialized modern taxa (sand lizards) are compared to their nonfossorial sister clade, allowing for "key innovations" to be identified. A similar comparison between owenettids and procolophonids reveals a number of apparent "key innovations" within procolophonids that are suggestive of a burrowing lifestyle for Procolophon.

A giant within Carpocorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): Description of Adustonotus graziae sp. nov.

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4958 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-502
Author(s):  
FILIPE MICHELS BIANCHI
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Internal Genitalia ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae

The Carpocorini are distributed worldwide, and it is one of the most speciose tribes within the Pentatomidae with 127 genera and more than 500 valid species. Recently, Adustonotus Bianchi was described to contain eight species formerly placed within Euschistus Dallas. Among them, Adustonotus grandis (Rolston) and Adustonotus latus (Dallas) are remarkable for their large size. Herein, the phylogenetic position of a new taxon is inferred by a total evidence analysis based on 85 morphological characters and four molecular markers. Adustonotus graziae sp. nov. is described, and is recovered in a polytomic lineage, including A. grandis and A. latus. These species share a solid combination of features that enable them to be separated from the other Adustonotus species (e.g., large size, the humeral angles spatulate and exceptionally produced, and the capsula seminalis shortened). Illustrations of external and internal genitalia, and a distributional map are provided. 

scholarly journals Importance of the postcranial skeleton in eusuchian phylogeny: Reassessing the systematics of allodaposuchid crocodylians

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251900
Author(s):  
Alejandro Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Postcranial Skeleton ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Internal Relationships

Our current knowledge on the crocodyliform evolution is strongly biased towards the skull morphology, and the postcranial skeleton is usually neglected in many taxonomic descriptions. However, it is logical to expect that it can contribute with its own phylogenetic signal. In this paper, the changes in the tree topology caused by the addition of the postcranial information are analysed for the family Allodaposuchidae, the most representative eusuchians in the latest Cretaceous of Europe. At present, different phylogenetic hypotheses have been proposed for this group without reaching a consensus. The results of this paper evidence a shift in the phylogenetic position when the postcranium is included in the dataset, pointing to a relevant phylogenetic signal in the postcranial elements. Finally, the phylogenetic relationships of allodaposuchids within Eusuchia are reassessed; and the internal relationships within Allodaposuchidae are also reconsidered after an exhaustive revision of the morphological data. New and improved diagnoses for each species are here provided.

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene and Holocene small mammal (Lipotyphla, Rodentia, Lagomorpha) remains from Medvezhyi Klyk Cave in the Southern Russian Far East

2020 ◽  
Vol 324 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Omelko ◽  
Y.V. Kuzmin ◽  
M.P. Tiunov ◽  
L.L. Voyta ◽  
G.S. Burr
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Faunal Complexes ◽  
Extinct Genus ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Late Pleistocene-Holocene faunal complexes of small mammals (Lipotyphla, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha) from the Russian Far East are described for the first time. We used material from the Medvezhyi Klyk Cave, located in Southern Sikhote-Alin. The numerous fossil findings from the cave display a remarkable taxonomic diversity and high degree of preservation. AMS 14C dating used for determination of deposits age. The Holocene sediments were divided into three periods: Early, Middle, and Late. The Pleistocene deposits age was not exactly determined, but under approximately estimation it can reach 50–60 ka. Thirty-nine species were found, including one member of the extinct genus of arvicolins. There are six faunal complexes identified from the studied Late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits. In general, the faunal complexes characterized by the dominance of Craseomys rufocanus within rodents, Sorex caecutiens within lipotyphlans; and relatively stability composition of most number of the dominant, codominant and subdominant species. Accordingly, the faunal complexes were described by means of two determining criteria only: relative number of species; and presence or absence of certain species. The dominant species are eurytopic and so they cannot use for reconstruction of the paleoenvironment.

Ichthyosaurs from the Upper Triassic (Carnian–Norian) of the New Siberian Islands, Russian Arctic, and their implications for the evolution of the ichthyosaurian basicranium and vertebral column

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Nikolay G. ZVERKOV ◽  
Dmitry V. GRIGORIEV ◽  
Andrzej S. WOLNIEWICZ ◽  
Alexey G. KONSTANTINOV ◽  
Evgeny S. SOBOLEV
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
New Siberian Islands ◽  
Group Relationships

ABSTRACT The first ichthyosaurian specimens discovered from the Upper Triassic of the Russian Arctic (Kotelny Island, New Siberian Islands) are described herein. They include the remains of large- to small-bodied ichthyosaurians originating from six stratigraphic levels spanning the lower Carnian to middle Norian. The material is mostly represented by isolated vertebrae and ribs, which are not possible to accurately diagnose, but also includes specimens comprising associated vertebrae and a fragmentary skeleton that preserves cranial remains (parabasisphenoid, fragmentary quadrate, partial mandible and hyoids). Based on vertebral and rib morphology, we identify the specimens as representatives of the following taxonomic groups: large-bodied shastasaurids, medium-sized indeterminate ichthyosaurians with a single rib facet in the presacral centra, and small euichthyosaurians with double rib facets present throughout the presacral vertebrae that likely represent toretocnemids and/or basal parvipelvians. In addition, the cranial and mandibular remains preserved in one of the specimens, ZIN PH 5/250, were studied using micro-computed tomography. Its mandible is highly similar to that of toretocnemids, whereas the parabasisphenoid demonstrates a peculiar combination of both plesiomorphic and derived character states, providing the first detailed data on this cranial element in a Late Triassic ichthyosaurian. Furthermore, the specimen also demonstrates a distinctive condition of rib articulation in the anteriormost presacral (cervical) vertebrae, which together with other features allows for the erection of a new taxon – Auroroborealia incognita gen. et sp. nov. Although the phylogenetic position of this taxon is uncertain due to its fragmentary nature, its anatomy, indicating toretocnemid or parvipelvian affinities, further supports the previously hypothesised sister-group relationships between these two clades. The morphology of the parabasisphenoid and vertebral column of the new taxon is discussed in broader contexts of the patterns of evolution of these skeletal regions in ichthyosaurs.

The sorediate variety of Sclerophytomyces circumscriptus

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurens B. SPARRIUS ◽  
Peter W. JAMES ◽  
M. Ann ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Acid Rock ◽  
Distribution And Ecology

The sorediate variety of Sclerophytomyces circumscriptus (Taylor) Sparrius & P. James (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) is described from sheltered, acid rock along Europe's western coasts and the Atlantic islands. This sorediate taxon is reported from the British Isles, Ireland, France, Spain, Portugal, the Azores and the Canary Islands. A description of the morphology, distribution and ecology is provided. The phylogenetic position of the new taxon is discussed, as well as nomenclatural and orthographic issues. The name Sclerophytomyces is proposed as an orthographic correction of the published name Sclerophytonomyces.

A new Crocus L. (Iridaceae) species from SE Turkey, based on morphological and molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Erol ◽  
Doerte Harpke ◽  
Hasan Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Full Description ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Se Turkey

Crocus musagecitii is described as a new species. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description and detailed illustrations are provided on the basis of the type specimen and wild specimens. Morphologically, C. musagecitii is close to Crocus biflorus subsp. pseudonubigena. Crocus musagecitii differs from C. biflorus subsp. pseudonubigena by the lack of stripes or narrow purplish tongue on outside of outer tepals, wider tepals, and homogenously yellow anthers. In order to clarify the phylogenetic position of this species within the Crocus adamii species complex, we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS: ITS1 + 5.8SrDNA + ITS2) and 5’ external transcribed spacer (ETS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). A phylogenetic tree obtained by Bayesian phylogenetic inference is given. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new taxon is close to C. munzurensis. Crocus musagecitii differs from its phylogenetically closest relative C. munzurensis by the corm tunics (C. musagecitii: coriaceus; C. munzurensis: membranous), the number of leaves (C. musagecitii: up to 8; C. munzurensis: up to 4) and non-hairy leaf margins.

scholarly journals New turtle remains from the Late Cretaceous of Monte Alto-SP, Brazil, including cranial osteology, neuroanatomy and phylogenetic position of a new taxon

PalZ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel S. Ferreira ◽  
Fabiano V. Iori ◽  
Guilherme Hermanson ◽  
Max C. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Cranial Osteology

Presence of a chelydrid turtle in the late Pliocene Camp dels Ninots locality (Spain)

2014 ◽  
Vol 185 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Claude ◽  
Bruno Gomez de Soler ◽  
Gerard Campeny ◽  
Jordi Agusti ◽  
Oriol Oms
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vertebrate Fauna ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Snapping Turtles ◽  
Mauremys Leprosa ◽  
Living Species

Abstract The late Pliocene locality Camp dels Ninots is a fossil Lagerstätte that yielded an exceptionally well preserved vertebrate fauna. Several turtles were reported from this locality and were all assigned to the living species Mauremys leprosa. We describe here a second turtle taxon based on carapace material. This new taxon is identified as Chelydropsis cf. pontica. It is the first report of a chelydrid turtle in the Pliocene of the Iberian peninsula. This discovery extends the range of the species to the southwest of Europe and thereby better documents the space and time distribution of snapping turtles before their supposedly rapid disappearance in Europe.

The ancestry of reptiles

1970 ◽  
Vol 257 (814) ◽  
pp. 267-308 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
The Body ◽  
Postcranial Skeleton ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
Upper Carboniferous ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Considerable Confusion ◽  
Considerable Detail ◽  
Immature Specimen

Reptiles of several distinct lineages have been described from the lower part of the Upper Carboniferous. Neither reptiles nor any plausible ancestors are known from earlier beds. The nature of the amphibian-reptilian transition must be studied on the basis of relicts of earlier groups which are contemporary with true reptiles. Several genera from the Middle Pennsylvanian locality of Nyrany, Czechoslovakia, have been considered closely related to the ancestry of reptiles. The incomplete nature of the original descriptions of Diplovertebron, Gephyrostegus and Solenodonsaurus has led to considerable confusion as to their taxonomic distinction and phylogenetic significance. Subsequently these taxa have been variously synonymized and considered as being alternately embolomeres, primitive anthracosaurs, seymouriamorphs, extremely primitive reptiles and captorhinomorphs. On the basis of redescription of type material from museums in Berlin, Prague and Cambridge as well as more recently discovered specimens, it is possible to establish the identity of these forms and to describe them in considerable detail. The type of Diplovertebron punctatum can be identified as a small embolomere. The material on which it is based can be distinguished from the types of Solenodonsaurus and Gephyrostegus . The type of Gephyrostegus bohemicus is a primitive anthracosaur. On the basis of this and other material, description of almost the entire skeleton is possible. The vertebral column has 24 presacral segments, each consisting of a large U-shaped pleurocentrum and a smaller, crescentic intercentrum. This genus is an almost ideal relict of the anthracosaur group which gave rise to reptiles. It is clearly distinct from the Permian seymouriamorphs, and could not have given rise to any known members of that group. Eusauropleura digitata from a deposit of equivalent age at Linton, Ohio, is a related, but somewhat more primitive form. The body proportions of these genera indicate that they were terrestrial in habit, with no specifically aquatic adaptations. The type of Solenodonsaurus janenschi is a very primitive reptile. This form retains an otic notch and labyrinthine infolding of the enamel, but the postcranial skeleton is very close to the pattern of romeriid captorhinomorphs. Material of a very immature specimen assigned to this genus by Pearson has a typically reptilian palate and skull roof pattern, but anthracosaurian dorsal and ventral scales. Material (designated by them as specimen I) assigned to the genus Gephyrostegus by Brough & Brough actually pertains to a romeriid captorhinomorph. On the basis of this material, the ancestry of captorhinomorph reptiles from the gephyrostegid anthracosaurs can be firmly established. The families Solenodonsauridae and Limnoscelidae are relicts of more primitive, but still reptilian, lineages which retain a number of anthracosaurian characteristics.

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