Cytology of Nonneoplastic Occupational and Environmental Diseases of the Lung and Pleura

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (11) ◽  
pp. 1700-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Laucirica ◽  
Mary L. Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Cytologic Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Occupational Lung Diseases

Abstract Context.—Cytologic examination of the respiratory tract has been a useful diagnostic tool when evaluating neoplastic lesions of the respiratory tract. However, we have limited experience in the application of this technique in the management of nonneoplastic occupational and environmental diseases of the lung and pleura. This review focuses on the cytologic characteristics of a variety of occupational lung diseases, grouping them into 2 broad diagnostic categories: reactive cellular changes and noncellular elements. The former includes entities such as reactive mesothelial proliferation, goblet cell metaplasia, Creola bodies, and reserve cell hyperplasia, and the latter encompasses Curschmann spirals, Charcot-Leyden crystals, and asbestos bodies. Objective.—To illustrate the cytologic features of several nonneoplastic occupational and environmental diseases and correlate the cytology with various etiologic agents. Data Sources.—Case-derived material and literature review. Conclusions.—The role of cytology in the diagnosis of nonneoplastic occupational and environmental lung diseases is limited. This may be because more than one agent can elicit a similar host reaction and/or the offending agent can be associated with more than one pathologic process. However, in the appropriate clinical and radiographic setting, the cytology can render valuable diagnostic information. Examples include pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in patients with acute silicoproteinosis and asbestos bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage samples of patients with asbestos exposure.

scholarly journals Role of the Dermonecrotic Toxin of Bordetella bronchiseptica in the Pathogenesis of Respiratory Disease in Swine

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Brockmeier ◽  
Karen B. Register ◽  
Tibor Magyar ◽  
Alistair J. Lax ◽  
Gillian D. Pullinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Dermonecrotic Toxin ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

ABSTRACT Bordetella bronchiseptica is one of the etiologic agents causing atrophic rhinitis and pneumonia in swine. It produces several purported virulence factors, including the dermonecrotic toxin (DNT), which has been implicated in the turbinate atrophy seen in cases of atrophic rhinitis. The purpose of these experiments was to clarify the role of this toxin in respiratory disease by comparing the pathogenicity in swine of two isogenic dnt mutants to their virulent DNT+ parent strains. Two separate experiments were performed, one with each of the mutant-parent pairs. One-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs were inoculated intranasally with the parent strain, the dnt mutant strain, or phosphate-buffered saline. Weekly nasal washes were performed to monitor colonization of the nasal cavity, and the pigs were euthanized 4 weeks after inoculation to determine colonization of tissues and to examine the respiratory tract for pathology. There was evidence that colonization of the upper respiratory tract, but not the lower respiratory tract, was slightly greater for the parent strains than for the dnt mutants. Moderate turbinate atrophy and bronchopneumonia were found in most pigs given the parent strains, while there was no turbinate atrophy or pneumonia in pigs challenged with the dnt mutant strains. Therefore, production of DNT by B. bronchiseptica is necessary to produce the lesions of turbinate atrophy and bronchopneumonia in pigs infected with this organism.

scholarly journals Questions of ethical regulation of immunobiological therapy of some occupational lung diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
L. A. Shpagina ◽  
L. A. Panacheva ◽  
E. V. Zolotukhina
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Medical Documents ◽  
Occupational Lung Diseases ◽  
Medical Examinations

Objective. Taking into account a high prevalence of occupational pathology associated with the exposure of industrial aerosols, to analyze the principles of therapy used for patients with these diseases. Materials and methods. The regulating medical documents, the data of preventive medical examinations as well as the principles of therapy applied for patients with occupational diseases, which are presented in scientific literarure, are analyzed. Results. The role of harmful production factors in the formation of pneumoconiosis and alveolitis, which join the group of interstitial lung diseases (ILD), has been proved. The outcome of these occupational diseases is fibrosing alveolitis with the development of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. In the treatment of ILD, immunobiological drugs (IBD) are used to suppress the immune processes selectively affecting the monoclonal antibodies, blocking of which interrupts inflammation and in 90 % of cases stops the further development of the disease. Conclusions. The use of immunobiological drugs in clinical practice should be carried out within the framework of ethical and legal regulation between the patient and the doctor.

A ROLE OF MOLECULAR ANALYSIS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASES

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
O S. Vasil'eva ◽  
L. P. Kuz'mina ◽  
N. Yu. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Occupational Lung Diseases

scholarly journals CYTOKINE PROFILE AND IMPORTANCE OF ITS ASSESSMENT IN FORECASTING THE COURSE OF DUST DISEASES OF THE LUNGS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
SA A Babanov ◽  
DS S Budash
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Secondary Prophylaxis ◽  
Cytokine Profile ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complete Physical Examination ◽  
Occupational Lung Diseases

Aim - study of cellular immunity and cytokine profile in dust lung diseases caused by exposure to aerosols of various degrees of fibrogenity; assessment of the role of immunological changes in the pathogenesis of occupational lung diseases of dust aetiology. Materials and methods. 161 patients from the contact group with chronic dust bronchitis, silicosis and pneumoconiosis due to exposure to welding aerosols were examined. The control group included 60 people who did not have contact with occupational hazards at work and who were declared healthy according to complete physical examination. The diagnosis was made on the basis of professional anamnesis, sanitary-hygienic characteristics of working conditions (work in contact with aerosols of various degrees of fibrogenity), and a complete clinical and instrumental examination of patients. The levels of cytokines IL-1a, IL-ф, IL-4, IL-8, TNF-a, IFN-y and fibronectin in the blood serum were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The specific features of the course of dust diseases of the lungs were revealed (identified features of the cytokine profile, hypercytokinaemia of a significant number of cytokines), which allows us to characterize the occurrence and the progression of dust diseases of the lungs. Conclusion. Determination of the cytokine profile allows us not only to improve the quality of early detection, but also to optimize the strategy of primary and secondary prophylaxis of this disease, to predict the course of the disease, and to reduce the number of disabling forms.

The role of intracanal medicaments in inhibition of bacteria isolated from root canals of infected primary molars

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Dr. Maha Abdul- Kareem Mahmood ◽  
Dr. Huda Elias Ali ◽  
Dr. Haraa Khairi Abdul-Kadher
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Micro Organisms

Microbes are considered as the primary etiologic agents in endodontic diseases.Disinfection of the root canal is obtained by the combined effect of biomechanicalpreparation, irrigation and intra canal medicament. The aim of the present study wasto assess the antimicrobial activity of intracanal medicaments (formocresol andEndosepton) against two micro organisms (Streptococcus mutans and staphylococcusaureus) isolated from 15 necrotic pulps of primary molars indicated for pulpectomyprocedure. The samples were cultured, and purified using microbiological evaluation.Broth dilution test was performed in our study by preparing test tubes containing10 ml of BHI broth (pH. 7) which then inoculated with strains of the tested bacteriaand incubated at 37 C° for 24 h. After over night incubaction, ten fold dilution weremade in test tubes containing 9 ml of normal saline by adding 1 ml of the inoculum tothe first tube . Then from dilution 10-1 , 0.1 ml of cell suspension was added to 9.9 mlof formocresol and endosepton, then 0.1 ml was taken and spread on duplicates ofBHI agar plates at different intervals and incubated aerobically for 24 h. at 37 C°.Colonies on the plates were counted after incubation and CFU/mL (colony formingunit) was calculated. Our results indicating that there were no significant differencesbetween the intracanal medicaments, but there were high significant differencesbetween the intervals time of the study. We concluded that both materials had greatantibacterial effect against the pathogens commonly isolated from necrotic pulpaltissue of primary teeth.

scholarly journals Reply to Wand et al.: Role of Transbronchial Cryobiopsy in Interstitial Lung Diseases: An Ongoing Tale

2020 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Arnaud Bourdin ◽  
Carey M. Suehs ◽  
Thomas V. Colby ◽  
Isabelle Vachier ◽  
Nicolas Molinari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases

Role of Innate Immune System in Environmental Lung Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa A. Guttenberg ◽  
Aaron T. Vose ◽  
Robert M. Tighe
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Innate Immune

scholarly journals Regulatory Effects of Nur77 on Airway Remodeling and ASMC Proliferation in House Dust Mite-Induced Asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Kun Wang ◽  
Muyun Wang ◽  
Yan Shang ◽  
Yanan He ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Asthma Model ◽  
Dust Mite ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Antioxidant Gene Expression ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Airway remodeling played a vital role in the development of asthma, and airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass was its hallmark. However, few strategies targeting ASM remodeling were developed in treating asthma. Nur77 was the transcription factor nuclear receptor involved in the pathogenesis of several lung diseases. Nur77 distribution and expression were determined in an HDM-mediated allergic asthma model. Its effect on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), chronic inflammation, and ASM remodeling in asthmatic mice was evaluated using a lentivirus-mediated shRNA. Possible mechanisms were explored by examining Nur77 actions and its underlying pathways in primary human AMC cells (ASMCs). In this study, we reported that Nur77 expression was mainly distributed along ASM and increased in lungs of HDM-challenged mice. Nur77 depletion by lentivirus-mediated shRNA ameliorated AHR, chronic inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and airway remodeling in the asthmatic mouse model. By means of primary human ASMC, we discovered that Nur77 upregulation by HDM stimulation promoted cell proliferation and ROS production, as well as reduced antioxidant gene expression. These alterations might associate with MFN2/MAPK/AKT pathways. These findings broadened our understanding of airway remodeling and ASMC proliferation, which might provide a novel therapeutic target for asthma patients.

scholarly journals The lung microbiota in Korean patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Yoon Kang ◽  
Hyojung Kim ◽  
Sungwon Jung ◽  
Sang Min Lee ◽  
Sang Pyo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flexible Bronchoscope ◽  
Bronchial Washing

Abstract Background The microbiota of the lower respiratory tract in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) has not been fully evaluated. We explored the role of the lung microbiota in NTM-PD by analyzing protected specimen brushing (PSB) and bronchial washing samples from patients with NTM-PD obtained using a flexible bronchoscope. Results Bronchial washing and PSB samples from the NTM-PD group tended to have fewer OTUs and lower Chao1 richness values compared with those from the control group. In both bronchial washing and PSB samples, beta diversity was significantly lower in the NTM-PD group than in the control group (P = 2.25E-6 and P = 4.13E-4, respectively). Principal component analysis showed that the PSBs and bronchial washings exhibited similar patterns within each group but differed between the two groups. The volcano plots indicated differences in several phyla and genera between the two groups. Conclusions The lower respiratory tract of patients with NTM-PD has a unique microbiota distribution that is low in richness/diversity.

scholarly journals Role of Chest Imaging in Viral Lung Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6434
Author(s):  
Diletta Cozzi ◽  
Eleonora Bicci ◽  
Alessandra Bindi ◽  
Edoardo Cavigli ◽  
Ginevra Danti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
Radiological Patterns ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Combining Information

The infection caused by novel beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. However, in the last 20 years, this has not been the only viral infection to cause respiratory tract infections leading to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide, referring in particular to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), influenza H1N1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Although in this pandemic period SARS-CoV-2 infection should be the first diagnosis to exclude, many other viruses can cause pulmonary manifestations and have to be recognized. Through the description of the main radiological patterns, radiologists can suggest the diagnosis of viral pneumonia, also combining information from clinical and laboratory data.

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