Idiosyncratic Production Regimes: Co-evolution of Economic and Legal Institutions in the Varieties of Capitalism

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunther Teubner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Varieties Of Capitalism ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Self Organisation ◽  
Theory Of Production

This chapter examines production regimes and their idiosyncracies, with particular reference to the co-evolution of economic and legal institutions in the varieties of capitalism. It first considers two theories that explain the institutional varieties of capitalism, namely, the theory of production regimes and the theory of institutional co-selection. It then looks at the theory of self-organising social systems as well as its critique of the theories of production regimes and co-selection. It also discusses the theory of autopoietic social systems and its emphasis on self-organisation and self-reproduction, together with the multi-polarity and cyclicity of production regimes. The chapter concludes by outlining the main assumptions of autopoiesis theory, focusing on just-in-time contracts in the United States and Germany.

NEEDED: Grassroots Leaders to Lead Systems Change Efforts that Reduce Infant Mortality

2020 ◽  
pp. 016059762096974
Author(s):  
Nathan Marquam ◽  
Ashley Irby ◽  
Nancy Swigonski ◽  
Kara Casavan ◽  
Jack Turman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Grassroots Movements ◽  
Reduce Infant Mortality ◽  
Reduction Strategies

The death of an infant devastates a mother, family and community. The United States has one of the highest infant mortality rates among the world’s high income nations. Infant mortality is a key indicator of a population’s health and societal well-being, yet interventions aimed at improving societal well-being are rarely a priority when devising infant mortality reduction strategies. Historically, grassroots movements have been critical in advancing social change to improve women’s health and empowerment in marginalized communities. Understanding strategic and infrastructure elements of these grassroots movements is a critical first step to efficiently growing USA grassroots movements to address social systems associated with poor birth outcomes. We provide an analysis of the diverse array of grassroots structures and strategies utilized to improve maternal and child health outcomes. It is time for grassroots movements to form and be recognized as vital players in efforts to sustainably reduce infant mortality in the United States. It is essential to foster grassroots leaders and movements that improve long standing social structures that contribute to poor birth outcomes. The personal and community knowledge of these leaders and community members are desperately needed to save women and infants in our nation.

Topography and Culture: The Case of the Changing Cage

1957 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara Richards ◽  
Henry Dobyns
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Work Unit ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Relationship

This paper deals with a problem long debated by anthropologists—the relationship between environment and culture. We analyze effects of topography on cultural change in situations of contact between two social systems, one more powerful than the other and inclined to enforce its behaviors on the weaker. We do this by examining cultural changes in one work-unit within a large insurance company in the United States.

The evolution and development of human social systems requires more than parasite-stress avoidance explanation

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Grotuss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Stress Avoidance ◽  
Geographical Locations

AbstractFincher & Thornhill (F&T) present a model of in-group assortative sociality resulting from differing levels of parasite-stress in differing geographical locations in the United States and the world. Their model, while compelling, overlooks some important issues, such as mutualistic associations with parasites that are beneficial to humans and how some religious practices increase parasite risk.

Just-in-Time Purchasing: A Challenge for U.S. Industry

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Schonberger ◽  
James P. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Lower Material ◽  
The U.S

Traditional U.S. purchasing is under assault. Japanese purchasing practices, featuring frequent “just-in-time” deliveries in small quantities, have made inroads among Japanese subsidiaries in the United States and more recently in the U.S. auto industry. Just-in-time (JIT) buying tends to be accompanied by a host of structural changes: Long-term, stable buyer-supplier relationships; avoidance of annual rebidding; sole-source contracts; improved containerization; and localized buying, to name just a few. The benefits of JIT purchasing, to both buyer and supplier, include lower material costs, higher productivity, and improved qualify. The strategic advantages—growth of market share and stable relationships—can be significant. Geographical vastness is one of several obstacles in the way of widespread use of JIT buying practices in the United States. The companies that have pioneered in the development of JIT purchasing in this country have demonstrated that most of the obstacles are not insurmountable.

scholarly journals The gathering momentum for animal rights

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David FAVRE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
The Past ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Professors ◽  
Made In

The focus of this article is to track the progress that has been made on behalf of<br />animals within the legal institutions of the United States. While there is an obvious focus on<br />the adoption of new laws, there are many steps or changes that are necessary within broader<br />legal intuitions if substantial progress is to be made in the changing and enforcing of the<br />laws. For example, at the same time that legislatures must be convinced of the need for<br />change, so must the judges believe in the new laws, otherwise enforcement of the law will be<br />not forthcoming.<br />Besides the court and the legislature, legal institutions include law schools, legal publications,<br />and the various associations of lawyers and law professors. What is the visibility and<br />credibility of animal issues within these institutions? Without progress within all aspects of<br />the legal community, success on behalf of animals is not possible. We in the United States<br />have made progress, particularly in the past ten years, but we have much yet that needs to be<br />done. By charting the progress and lack of progress in the United States, the readers in<br />Brazil and other countries will have some landmarks by which to judge the progress of the<br />issue of animal rights/welfare within their own country.

scholarly journals A Compensatory Control Account of Meritocracy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Goode ◽  
Lucas A. Keefer ◽  
Ludwin E. Molina
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Compensatory Control ◽  
The Future ◽  
Economic Ideology ◽  
Insight Into

Why are people motivated to support social systems that claim to distribute resources based on hard work and effort, even when those systems seem unfair? Recent research on compensatory control shows that lowered perceptions of personal control motivate a greater endorsement of external systems (e.g., God, government) that compensate for a lack of personal control. The present studies demonstrate that U.S. citizens’ faith in a popular economic ideology, namely the belief that hard work guarantees success (i.e., meritocracy), similarly increases under conditions of decreased personal control. We found that a threat to personal control increased participants’ endorsement of meritocracy (Studies 1 and 2). Additionally, lowered perceptions of control led to increased feelings of anxiety regarding the future, but the subsequent endorsement of (Study 2) or exposure to (Study 3) meritocracy attenuated this effect. While the compensatory use of meritocracy may be a phenomenon unique to the United States of America, these studies provide important insight into the appeal and persistence of ideologies in general.

scholarly journals Assessing the State of Coupled Social-Ecological Modeling in Support of Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Kasperski ◽  
Geret S. DePiper ◽  
Alan C. Haynie ◽  
Suzana Blake ◽  
Lisa L. Colburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Disciplinary Background ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management

There has been a proliferation of coupled social-ecological systems (SES) models created and published in recent years. However, the degree of coupling between natural and social systems varies widely across the different coupled models and is often a function of the disciplinary background of the team conducting the research. This manuscript examines models developed for and used by NOAA Fisheries in support of Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) in the United States. It provides resource managers and interdisciplinary scientists insights on the strengths and weaknesses of the most commonly used SES models: end-to-end models, conceptual models, bioeconomic models, management strategy evaluations (MSEs), fisher behavior models, integrated social vulnerability models, and regional economic impact models. These model types are not unique to the literature, but allow us to differentiate between one-way coupled models – where outputs from one model are inputs into a second model of another discipline with no feedback to the first model, and two-way coupled models – where there are linkages between the natural and social system models. For a model to provide useful strategic or tactical advice, it should only be coupled to the degree necessary to understand the important dynamics/responses of the system and to create management-relevant performance metrics or potential risks from an (in)action. However, one key finding is to not wait to integrate! This paper highlights the importance of “when” the coupling happens, as timing affects the ability to fully address management questions and multi-sectoral usage conflicts that consider the full SES for EBFM or ecosystem based management (EBM) more generally.

scholarly journals Measuring Law Over Time: A Network Analytical Framework with an Application to Statutes and Regulations in the United States and Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Coupette ◽  
Janis Beckedorf ◽  
Dirk Hartung ◽  
Michael Bommarito ◽  
Daniel Martin Katz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Over Time

How do complex social systems evolve in the modern world? This question lies at the heart of social physics, and network analysis has proven critical in providing answers to it. In recent years, network analysis has also been used to gain a quantitative understanding of law as a complex adaptive system, but most research has focused on legal documents of a single type, and there exists no unified framework for quantitative legal document analysis using network analytical tools. Against this background, we present a comprehensive framework for analyzing legal documents as multi-dimensional, dynamic document networks. We demonstrate the utility of this framework by applying it to an original dataset of statutes and regulations from two different countries, the United States and Germany, spanning more than twenty years (1998–2019). Our framework provides tools for assessing the size and connectivity of the legal system as viewed through the lens of specific document collections as well as for tracking the evolution of individual legal documents over time. Implementing the framework for our dataset, we find that at the federal level, the United States legal system is increasingly dominated by regulations, whereas the German legal system remains governed by statutes. This holds regardless of whether we measure the systems at the macro, the meso, or the micro level.

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